#1235 Motion and Mechanism Student workbook Copyright by Genius Toy Taiwan Co., Ltd.

1. Creative Ability
can be Learned
(v1.0)
Gigo Learning Lab’s complete series includes 20 individual packages, as well as five
school sets. The special features of Gigo’s Learning Lab are as follows:
1. Using GIGO’s “building block” construction-based curriculum, every class has
a ready-to-assemble model, and includes time designed to promote individual
creativity.
2. Promotes thinking outside-the-box of the traditional educational framework by
learning innovation through play!
3. We are all innately good at something, so we should take into account both individual
development and the ability to work as part of a team effort.
4. Course levels are designed from elementary to difficult, combining a life sciences-
based curriculum with applications from daily life.
5. Experiment using Gigo’s “building blocks”, which can be used over and over again,
saving both time and effort.
6. Comes with Gigo’s newly developed 3D Smart Manual, which makes learning how to
intelligently assemble each model easier than ever before.
7. Learning Lab’s Cloud Platform allows systematic recording of learning progress.
We hope that kids can enthusiastically learn scientific knowledge through fun hands-
on experience, developing their problem-solving abilities, as well as a positive attitude
towards science. Our mission is to help children apply their newfound knowledge to
daily life, furthering their innovational skills and abilities.
For any questions or inquires. please email to LL@mail.gigo.com.tw
01 02
Index
07. Worm Gear
08. Ratchet
10. Monograph (2)
11. Gear & Rack
Appendix: Learning Lab Packages
20. Monograph (4)
19. Pantograph
18. Intermittent Movement
17. Circular Motion
16. Periodic Motion
15. Monograph (3)
14. Gear Set
13. Crank & Linkage
12. Linkage
09. Crankshaft
04. The Coriolis Effect
05. Monograph (1)
06. Cam
03. Newton’s Third Law of Motion
02. Newton’s Second Law of Motion
01. Newton’s First Law of Motion
Parts List
Index
Education Philosophy 01 39
03 45
09 53
17 59
23 67
31 75
02 41
05 49
13 57
21 63
27 71
35 77

2. 03
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
Long Frame
Short Frame
Dual Frame
Square Frame
Long Rod
11-hole Rod
11-hole Prolate Rod
5-hole Rod
5-hole Rod-III
3-hole Rod
3-hole Dual Rod
Bended Rod
Motor Axle
Cross Axle 3CM
Cross Axle 6CM
Cross Axle 7CM
Cross Axle 10CM
Cross Axle 15CM
Rack 15CM
Cord 200CM
20T Gear
40T Gear
60T Gear
10T Sprocket
20T Sprocket
30T Sprocket
Snail Cam
80T Gear
160T Gear
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
M Pulley
L Pulley
Racing Tire
M Ring
L Ring
L Rubber Band
Washer
Cross Axle Fixer
Two-in-one Converter
Hinge
Cross Axle Connector
160T Gear Adaptor
Worm Gear
90 Degree Adaptor-II
Drive Chain
Axle
Loose Axle
Pin
L Connecting Peg
S Connecting Peg
Hollow Tube 3CM
Crank
Base Grid Connector
Base Grid
Spanner
04
Parts L i st
54
x1
1
x4
2
x4
4
x4
6
x8
9
x8
10
x5
11
x13
x6
12
x5
43
x8
38
x1
x4
x4 x6x18x4 x4
39
x2
40
14
x3
15
x3
16
x2
17
x2
18 21
x6
22
x4
23
x3
24
x2
37
30
x4 x4 x2
31 32
45
x2
46
x5
47 48
x24 x24
49
20
x1
51 53
x3
52
x4x8
3
x1
5
x12
8
x5
7
x1
13
x1
19
x1
29
x1
28
x1
25
x2
26
x1
27
x1
44
x82
33 34 35
x1
36 41
x1
42
x1
50
x1

3. Brainstorming
Why does the car stop after you
push it? Why doesn’t it follow
the law of iner tia and keep
moving?
Parts List
S e s s i o n 01
Newton’s First Law of
Motion
Newton’s first law of motion is also
commonly referred to as the law of
inertia. An object continues to do whatever
it is currently doing unless a forces is exerted upon
it. If it is at rest, it continues to remain in a state of rest;
if it is moving, it will continue to keep moving. For example,
if a moving car has to suddenly stop, the people in the car will
lean forward as they will be maintaining the same force, direction, and
speed they just had. That’s why we wear seatbelts! In addition, inertia
increases as mass increases. Therefore, the heavier you
are, the more you would lean forward when the car suddenly
stops.
Miss Iron and Mr. Shaft were originally a happy couple. However,
as time has gone by, they’ve drifted apart from each other. Not
wanting to give up, they decide to go see a counselor to try and
find a solution.
The counselor gave them a simple tip: to try and see things from
further away. Then, he lifted the couple straight up into the air,
and suddenly yanked them back to the ground. When they landed,
a miracle had happened! Miss Iron and Mr. Shaft were stuck
together again.
Kids, do you know which theory the
counselor used?
1 6 11
Assembly
Steps
Track Car
Daily
Application
105
x4
x12
x13
x4
x2
x2
x5
x24
x4
x1x1
x2
x8
x5
x1
x1
x1
15
9
12
38
39
14
30
48
49
53
33
7
01
04
02
03
05 06

4. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Experiment
Time
Let’s try something different. How can
we make the car travel further without
changing the design of the tracks?
Apply some tape around the wheels of the car.
Then, push the car so that it moves forward.
Do the experiment five times, recording the
distance each time.
Art
Attack
Evaluation
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
0807

5. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
02 What phenomenons in daily life
can we apply Newton’s second
law of motion to?
Parts List
Mom took Paul and his little brother to go ice skating. After putting
on their shoes, Paul gave his brother a push. His brother blasted
off like a rocket, skating across the ice, until he ran until a wall
and stopped. Paul thought this game was pretty fun, so he asked
his little brother to push him too.
Paul’s little brother pushed Paul with all his might, but Paul
barely moved. Paul threw a tantrum, screaming, “I want to play
too!” After asking his mother to help push him, Paul was finally
successful in flying across the ice
too.
Do you know which theory is at
play here?
1 2 9
Assembly
Steps
Rickshaw
Daily
Application Newton’s second law of motion is also
known as the law of acceleration. When
an object is affected by an external force, it
will move in the same direction the applied force is
moving. The rate of acceleration is directly proportionate to the
amount of force applied, and inversely proportionate to the mass
of the object. Using the example of throwing two balls made from different
materials (one baseball and one shot-put), we can see this in action. When
you throw a baseball, you probably find it easy to throw it pretty far. What if
you were you to try and throw a shot-put with the same force? You’d find
that the shot-put didn’t travel nearly as far as the baseball. Comparing the
two, we’d find that the baseball accelerated faster, and that the shot-
put decelerated faster due to its larger mass.
Newton’s Second Law
of Motion
4
x3
x3
x1
x1
x1
x4
x4
x1
x2
x4
x7
48
15
18
30
3120
34
01
03
02
04
09 10

6. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Experiment
Time
See how placing different weights on
the car can change its speed.
Use a timer to measure the distance at one
second, and at two seconds.
Evaluation
Art
Attack
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
1211

7. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
03 What phenomenons in daily life
can we apply Newton’s third law
of motion to?
Parts List
Newton’s third law of motion states that
every action has an equal and opposite
reaction. These two forces are equal, but they
will move in the complete opposite direction of each
other, always following a straight line. Because the two
opposing forces act upon different objects, they cannot cancel
each other out. As the two forces are created at the same time, they will
also disappear at the same time too. We commonly see this during a rocket
launch. A rocket is able to blast into space because when it blasts fuel down
out of it’s base with incredible force, the rocket is pushed up by an
equal and opposite force, lifting it up into space. This is the law of
opposite forces.
Walter wants to register to join the school rowing team, but the coach wouldn’t
allow it. Unable to take “no” for an answer, Walter walked up to the coach one
day after school.
Walter: I’m the strongest and tallest student in school, why can’t I join?
Coach: Your body coordination is pretty poor, and your left hand is too weak. If
you want to join the school team, you’ll need to pass some special training.
Walter: I’m willing to do what it takes.
So every morning, Walter squatted and lifted
dumbbells. After constantly training for one
month, Walter finally became a member of the
school team, even representing the school by
winning the rowing championship.
2 3
Assembly
Steps
Balloon
Car
Daily
Application
Newton’s Third Law
of Motion
01
03
02
04
x1
x1
x2
x4 x4
16
30 33
Note: please prepare a balloon.
13 14

8. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Experiment
Time
Try to make any adjustments you think
will allow your car to travel farther.
Inflate the balloon at different levels, and
record the distance the car travels each
time.
Evaluation
Art
Attack
05
07
06
08
1615

9. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
04 Besides gravit y, what other
forces are classified as “field
forces” (Action-at-a-distance)?
Parts List
The Coriolis effect is due to the
turning of a disk caused by the force
generated from ro-tating clockwise or
counterclockwise. For example, if we were to place
a ball on a stable disk, and push the ball from the edge of
the disk’s surface (Point A) so that it traveled at a constant velocity
towards the opposite edge of the disk (Point B), it would travel in a
straight line. However, you would notice that from the viewpoint of
someone observing from Point B, the trajectory of the ball would no
longer be a straight line, but rather it will begin to automatically curve
towards the right. In fact, the ball is still traveling in a linear motion,
but we have added an illusory Coriolis effect to explain the
curvature.
1
Eric is a spectacular detective who has solved many difficult crimes. He also
has made a lot of enemies.
One time, he was knocked out and kidnapped by a masked man. After Eric
woke up, he had no idea where he was. How was he going to call for help?
Eric walked around the room, but could not find any way to escape. Eric
went in to the bathroom, and when he flushed the toilet, he noticed that the
water spun counterclockwise. Eric assumed that he was in the southern
hemisphere, and because his only enemy lived in
Australia, he figured that’s where he must be. Eric
found an opportunity to call someone for help,
and after directing them to his location, he was
finally able to escape.
Do you know what
phenomenon Eric had
discovered? How was
it able to help him get
rescued?
2 108
The Coriolis Effect
A
A
B
B
Daily
Application
Assembly
Steps
Spinning
Roulette
4
6
9
5x2
x1
x2
x2
x2
x1
x2
x2
x4
x1
x1
x1
x15
x1
x2
x3
x1
x2
x2
48
10
11
17
21
22
23
49
51
53
528
41
x1
29
Note: prepare 1~2 pcs of marbles.
02
04
17 18

10. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Experiment
Time
Put the colors on the marbles and
observe the tracks of rolling marbles.
The trajectory of the marble is related to
the speed of the disk.
Evaluation
Art
Attack
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
2019

11. 01. Track Car 02. Rickshaw
04. Spinning Roulette03. Balloon Car
21 22
1
Model
Design
2
Model
Creation
3
Winner!
My Artwork
S e s s i o n
Evaluation
05
1
Model
Review
Design
Concept
Monograph
Make a flywheel car. Compare to see whose car can travel
further.

12. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
06 What’s the difference between a
snail-shaped cam and an egg-
shaped cam?
Parts List
A cam is a mechanical part that’s
shape is more elliptical than it is circular.
Generally, the cam is a driving component, and
moves at a constant speed either in a rotary motion, or
linearly back and forth. Energy from the moving cam is transmitted to
connecting subcomponents that move simultaneously in both a constant
and predictable manner. In general, these subcomponents move back
and forth linearly, or swing. These are known as “cam followers”. The cam
we commonly see is shaped like a round disk. This cam disk transforms
its rotating motion into an oscillating movement in the cam follower. The
cam disk is placed onto a rotary shaft, and has its perimeter processed
into a curved, concave shape. Because the cam is rotating, the
movement of the cam follower is driven by the shape of the cam at
any given moment of time.
When Leonardo da Vinci, famous painter of the Mona Lisa, was a
child, he never received any form of special education. However, this
encouraged his passion and curiosity for all things. He enjoyed finding
out answers on his own. He likened himself as an “experienced student.”
With an endless imagination, Leonardo began creating hundreds of
mechanical blueprints for new ideas he had. One of them was an
automatic hammer to be used by blacksmiths. This machine would
slowly lift a hammer up to its highest possible point, and then drop
the hammer back down over and over again. This continuous motion
mimicked the diligence of a real blacksmith. What a fantastic idea!
Do you know what’s the theory behind da
Vinci’s automatic hammer?
1 4 11
Cam
Assembly
Steps
Whack-a-
mole
Daily
Application
x2
x2
9
40
17
48
51
8
x1
x1
x10
x2
x5
x1
x1
27
x1
x2
53
01
03
02
04
2423

13. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Experiment
Time
W h a t o t h e r a p p l i c a t i o n s c a n b e
represented with the cam model? Try to
draw it out.
Draw yourself a mole, and place it on your
model so that the mole will stick his head
out.
Evaluation
Art
Attack
05
09
07
11
06
10
12
08
25 26

14. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
07 How are worm gears and gear
w heels dif ferent f ro m eac h
other?
In a small mechanism, the easiest way to
achieve deceleration, high torque, and a change
in transmitted direction is to to use the Worm Drive (Worm
Gear and Worm Screw). The theory behind the worm drive is
simple. From its appearance, its easy to relate it to any mechanism
that has an up-and-down function. The special feature of the worm drive
is its ability to amplify force, which results in a substantial reduction in speed,
in exchange for an increase in torque. Therefore, you can use a smaller motor
on a lift, and it will still be able to generate a huge amount of torque capable of
transporting heavy things. Another very important feature is that the worm screw
cannot work in reverse, so when there is an emergency situation, such
as a sudden loss of power, the worm screw will immediately lock itself in
place in a safe and stable manner.
Worm Gear and Worm Screw are twins, but nobody believes it since they don’t
look alike at all. They were doubtful of how compatible the two brothers were
together.
One day, a driver needed to lift some heavy things onto the back of his truck
and needed a manual capstan. Unfortunately, inside the truck were only the two
Worm brothers. With no other option, the driver asked them for help. The two
brothers quickly interlocked into an unusual shape. The Worm Screw told the
driver ,”You just need to attach a handle to my slim body, and no matter how fat
my brother is, or how heavy your stuff is, I can lift it up with no problem.”
The driver hesitantly did as he said. It turned
out just as Worm Screw said it would. Even if
the driver freed his hands, his stuff wouldn’t fall
back down.
Do you know what’s the
theory behind Worm
Screw’s success?
52
Worm Gear
Assembly
Steps
Angle Measuring
Instrument
Parts List
Daily
Application
38
40
42
4
6
9
x2
x2
x6
x2
x1
x1
x7x1
x2
x4
x1
4817
8
x1
x1
23
51
01
03
02
04
27 28

15. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Experiment
Time
Convert the angle measuring tool into
a fort, adjusting the angle so that it can
hit the target.
Paste on a protractor and observe the
object’s changed angle of elevation.
Evaluation
Art
Attack
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
3029

16. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
08 What aspect of our daily lives
does the axle theory apply to?
Parts List
Axles are usually used to connect several
rotating mechanical parts. For example, an
axle is fixed onto a gear, so that the gear will
rotate around the axle. When the axle is not long
enough, an output shaft is used to connect the axle to another
axle. Sometimes, the output shaft is used to change the direction of the
axle center. As for the ratchet mechanism, the ratchet is combined with a small
spring-loaded device known as a pawl. The teeth of the ratchet are curved on
one side, and steep on the other. As the ratchet moves forward, the pawl easily
slides over the curved portion of the ratchet’s teeth. If the ratchet wheel rotates
in the opposite direction, the pawl will “catch” on the steep portion of
the ratchet’s wheel, and the wheel cannot rotate; therefore, the ratchet
mechanism can only move in a singular direction.
Global climate has resulted in irregular weather patterns, with the
enormity and frequency of wind-based disasters increasing year after
year. In order to further understand the strength and size of these
massive storms, we can rely on the journalistic camerawork of storm
chasers. In November of 2013, Typhoon Yolanda hit the Philippines with
sustained wind speeds of up to 380 kph. Within two hours of landfall,
over 5,000 people were killed. Yolanda has been described as the
most destructive typhoon ever to make landfall. We are able to know
the extent of Yolanda’s force thanks to a group of people who took an
anemometer (a tool used to measure wind
speeds) into the storm to gauge it’s strength.
Are these people completely crazy? Not
really. They are known as storm chasers,
and their job is to go into storms so that we
can better understand how they operate.
D o y o u k n o w w h a t
mechanism is used to
keep the anemometer
s p i n n i n g i n o n e
direction?
1 2 8
Ratchet
Assembly
Steps
Revolving
Door
Daily
Application
6x2
x4
x4
x1
x1
x1
x1 x6
x2 x2x1
x2x2
48
17
22
53
52
40
4635
36
x1
24
01
03
02
04
3231

17. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Experiment
Time
Make a rotating disk, so everyone can
play a game of roulette!
What other components can also be used
as an axle?
Evaluation
Art
Attack
05
07
11
06
10
12
09
08
3433

18. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
09
Crankshaft
Have you ever seen any similar-
looking movements in your daily
life?
Parts List
T h e m a i n c o m p o n e n t o f t h e
crankshaft is a long rotating axle rod.
The two corners of the axle rod are turned
into cranks, which when connected together
form a complete crankshaft. You can see this in the
inside of a car engine. If a crankshaft is installed onto
a connecting rod with pistons, it will become the main component in
the transmission of a car. In a reciprocating engine, the crankshaft
translates the linear motion of the pistons moving up and down, into
a rotary motion. If a gear is attached to the crankshaft, the translated
rotating motion will cause the gear to rotate as well. In order to
transform the repetitive motion of the pistons into a rotary motion, the
crankshaft has a crank arm, or several crank pins, whose axis
is offset from that of the main axle rod.
My name is crankshaft. I look like a useless piece of junk, but
once I am attached to a robotic arm and some pistons, I can
become a continuously punching boxer. Most people didn’t know
how useful I was until a man name James Watt discovered my
potential by utilizing me in his steam engine-powered platform.
From then on, people began changing the design of their
machines to include me. With people all over the world amazed
at my abilities, I helped to start the Industrial Revolution.
D o y o u k n o w w h o b r o u g h t
humanity into the first Industrial
Revolution? What mechanism
did he use to improve the steam
engine?
1 62
Assembly
StepsCrab
Daily
Application
4
9
x2
x4
x8
x1
x8
x1
x4
x4 x1
x6x18
x6
x4 x8x8
48
18
21
22
5143
37
31
4534
01
03
02
04
35 36

19. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Experiment
Time
Try to use the crank to make a back
massager.
Control the movement of the crab’s legs.
Observe the movement sequence of crab’s
legs.
Evaluation
Art
Attack
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
3837

20. 06. Whack-a-mole
08. Revolving Door
07. Angle Measuring Instrument
09. Crab
39 40
1
Model
Design
2
Model
Creation
3
Winner!
My Artwork
S e s s i o n
Evaluation
10
2
Model
Review
Design
Concept
Monograph
Make a “mole” machine, as well as a “whacking” machine.
Everyone can participate in a “Whack-a-mole” competition to see
who can hit more moles than the other.

21. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
11 What applications in our daily
lives use gear and rack?
Parts List
RThe rack and pinion can transform
the rotational movement of the steering
wheel, into a linear movement for the wheels. It’s
very easy to recognize the pinion and rack from its outward
appearance. The round gear is the pinion, the straight gear is the
rack. The theory behind the rack and pinion is quite simple. If the rack
is fixed in place, the pinion simultaneously rotates and moves along its
surface. There are two possible kinds of movement: back and forth; and left
and right. Either way, the center of the pinion moves linearly. Alternatively,
if we fix the pinion in place, then the rack will move along the surface of
the pinion, either up and down, or left and right. The previously
mentioned steering wheel of a car is designed with this mechanism.
I’m not a crab, but I like to move left and right. I’m no lord, but I
can lead the way, anywhere, in any direction, at any time. I can
take my master safely home, no matter where home is. Under
my master’s proper control of the steering wheel, I can turn the
wheels while driving. I am the pinion and the rack. Combined, I
can turn the wheels of the car in different directions.
D o you k now w hat mec hanic al
design can make the car turn?
52
Gear & Rack
Assembly
Steps
Mysterious
Eyes
Daily
Application
4
6
x3
x1
x2
x2
x2
x3
x2
x1
x2
x1
x8
x1
x1
48
11
22
51
53
40
14
46
19
28
x1
37
x2
x1
15
01
03
02
04
41 42

22. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Experiment
Time
Make a mechanism to let the two eyes
move in the opposite direction of each
other.
Draw a pair of eyes and place them on the
model so that the eyes can look left and
right.
Evaluation
Art
Attack
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
4443

23. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
12 What applications in our daily
does the linkage theory apply
to?
Parts List
A connecting rod mechanism is made
from combining two or more connecting rods
together. There are many different variations. Its
main function is to change the direction of movement,
displacement, velocity, acceleration, etc., of a rigid object,
as well as generating a path of movement for it to travel on.
The Tony’s father is a volunteer cleaner. Every morning, he offers to clear
the alleyways and streets of the neighborhood. One day, he got hit by a
drunk driver. A colleague of his quickly came to his aid and saved his life,
but unfortunately, Tony’s father lost one of his legs. From then on, Tony’s
dad was severely depressed.
Luckily, the neighborhood came together and contributed money towards
getting a new prosthetic leg for him. Even though his body would never
be the same as it was before, Tony’s
father was able to regain his confidence
after installing his new prosthetic leg.
Afterwards, Tony was determined to
become an inventor. As there was a lot of
room still for improvement in prosthetics,
Tony believed he could work to invent
something better to help those who were
less fortunate than himself.
Did you know that
prosthetic knee
joints are created
by four connecting
rods?
Linkage
Daily
Application
Assembly
Steps
Drawing
Machine
6
x1
x2
x2
x2
x2
x2
x3
4845
23 47
1 4
01
03
02
04
45 46

24. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Experiment
Time
Make a connecting rod mechanism to
draw a straight line.
Place the pen on different locations of 11-
hold Rod to see the different drawings it
makes.
Evaluation
Art
Attack
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
4847

25. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
13 W h a t d e v i c e s i n d a i l y l i f e
apply the crank and linkage
mechanism?
Parts List
Connecting more than two levers
are turned into cranks. You can see
this in the design of a bicycle pedal. The
pedal is connected to a large gear disk,
which function as a crank mechanism. If the crank
and connecting rod are combined together, this will create a more
complicated mechanism, which can transform rotary motion into a
repeating linear motion, and vice versa. The main function of the
crank and connecting rod is to change the direct of motion and to
export power. If the crank and connecting rod are placed inside an
engine, they will transform the downward force, created from
the combustion of fuel above the head of a piston, into torque,
providing a continuous output of power.
Guess who I am? Because of my appearance, people call me
the iron rooster. The people who want me to help them wake
up in the morning think I am a cuckoo clock. For the people
who have a safe at home, they want to buy me so I can be their
security guard. When someone tries to break in, I can peck
them. Scholars and academics like to buy me as a decoration
in their homes. In fact, most people misunderstand me. I’m just
a little iron rooster, as long as my master moves my crank and
connecting rod, my beak can peck people!
Do you know what the mechanical
design is for this iron rooster?
B2-13A
61 23
Assembly
StepsBig Mouth
Crank & Linkage
Daily
Application
5
x2
x2
x1
x1
x4
x1
x1
47
51
53
14
46
x1
x2
x1
x1
22
38
x1
45
01
03
02
04
49 50

26. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Experiment
Time
Tr y to modif y the c onnec ting rod
mechanism to make the mouth capable
of opening wider.
Draw a pair of upper and lower lips, then
place them on the model so that they open
and close like a real mouth.
Evaluation
Art
Attack
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
5251

27. Daily
Application
S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
14 Where can the gear mechanism
theory be applied?
Parts List
Through an interlocking series formed
by several gears, power can be transferred
from one gear to another. The greatest
advantage of the gear series is that they are
capable of delivering force. Gears having more teeth can
drive gears with less teeth, and vice versa. Being driven by a gear with
more teeth allows a gears with less teeth to rotate faster, at the expense
of reducing torque. Allowing the gears with less teeth to drive the gears
with more teeth, will transmit a markedly greater amount of torque, but slow
down how quickly the gears rotate. Generally, whenever a gear
drives another gear, the two will rotate in opposite directions from
one another.
Motor Dad took the family out for some fun. Since Junior Gear
and Mother Gear look so much alike, everyone asked, “How
come he doesn’t look at all like his father?” While driving, a
slope suddenly appeared in front of them. Motor Dad and Mother
Gear tried with all their might to push Junior Gear, but they were
unable to make it up the hill. After pondering deeply, Junior
Gear suggested they try reversing their order. Junior Gear and
Mother Gear swapped positions. Mustering his energy, Motor
Dad pushed Junior Gear and Junior Gear pushed Mother Gear.
At long last, they finally made it up over the hill.
Do you know what the function
of a gear set is?
B2-14A
1 2 8
Assembly
Steps
Lawn
Mower
Gear Set
4
6
37
5
x2
x1
x1
x2
x1
x1
x2
x1
x3 x1
x12x60x4 x2
x1 x1
10
21
22
23 38
15
4844
x1
x1
47
51
x3
14
25
x1
16
x1
46
01
03
02
04
53 54

28. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Experiment
Time
Add another gear set so that the model
has four speeds.
Record the differences in rotational speed
for the mower in these two situations.
Evaluation
Art
Attack
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
5655

29. 11. Mysterious Eyes 12. Drawing Machine
14. Lawn Mower13. Big Mouth
57 58
1
Model
Design
2
Model
Creation
3
Winner!
My Artwork
S e s s i o n
Evaluation
15
3
Model
Review
Design
Concept
Monograph
From what you have learned so far, please use the gear and
connecting rods to build a tower ladder for a fire truck.

30. B2-16A
Daily
Application
S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
16 What applications in our daily
does the periodic motion apply
to?
Parts List
If a moving object, starting from
one moment in time, passes through
another certain period of time, and has its
displacement, velocity, and acceleration fully restored
to its original level, then this movement is called periodic
motion. The time required for one full repetition of movement is
called a cycle. The most common example in our lives is the windshield
wiper on our cars. We use them to clear rain and dust away from the
windshield, improving driver visibility, and making driving safer. The principle
behind the windshield wiper’s movement is the conversion of the motor’s
rotation into a linear back-and-forth motion, allowing the windshield
wipers to move in a curve back and forth.
Little monkey is the highest-swinging animal in the park. One day, a little
cat challenged the little monkey. Since swinging very high was nothing
special for him, why not see who can jump the farthest? Little Monkey
thought to himself, “I can already swing really high, of course I can jump
far too,” so he agreed to the swinging competition. The rules were that
each would take ten jumps back and forth in order to see who could jump
the farthest. The competition started with the little cat swinging first. After
swinging as high as he could, the cat jumped from the swing, but did not
land very far away. The little monkey thought to himself that he would
surely win, and he arrogantly whistled as he got up to swing next. After
the little monkey swung himself as high as
he could, he got ready to leap as far as he
could and… oops! The little monkey fell off
the swing and lost the game!
D i d y o u k n o w
t h a t s w i n g i n g
on a swing is an
example of periodic
motion?
141 2
Assembly
Steps
Mischievous
Snake
Periodic Motion
6
x4
x1
x1
x5
x2
x2
x3
23
x1
51
24
46
47
48
4
5x1
x1
x1
x3
01
03
02
04
59 60

31. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Experiment
Time
W h a t o t h e r a n i m a l s d o p e r i o d i c
motions? Try to demonstrate by building
another model.
Draw a snake and place it on the model so
that it can stick out its tongue.
Evaluation
Art
Attack
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
6261

32. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
17 What applications in our daily
does the circular motion apply
to?
Parts List
When the trajectory of a moving object
is follows the path of a circle, it is called
‘circular motion’. Common examples of
circular motion are ferris wheels, the hands of a clock,
and carousels. The difference between circular and linear
motion lies in their trajectories, and the conditions that they emerge from.
When a particle moves in a circular motion, it’s momentum is provided for by
centripetal force, which gets its name from the fact that its center of power
is a fixed point in the middle of a circle. Examples of centripetal force
can include gravity, friction, and elasticity. Centripetal force can also
be the result of a combination or fission of these forces.
One weekend, Helen was at baseball training camp, when her coach told her
an interesting story.
During training camp last year, a little kid would always stand on the side of the
field and watch everyone practice batting. When practicing, everyone would
place the ball on a tee, and then hit the ball out into the field. While everyone
was practicing, the coach noticed the kid standing on the side of the field and
told him to come over and give batting a try. The boy picked up the bat and
began swinging wildly several times, but the ball still remained on top of the
tee, untouched. The coach told him that he wouldn’t be able to hit the ball
if he stood all the way back where the catcher
squats, and that he should walk forward into the
batter’s box. The kid replied that he wanted to
use the wind generated from him swinging the
bat to knock the ball over. This young boy had
put forward a new kind of batting method that the
coach would never
forget.
Did you know that a
baseball swing is a
circular motion?
62 12
Assembly
Steps
Rotating
Crane
Daily
Application
Circular Motion
4
37
5
x4
x5
x3
x2 x5
x2
x2
x5
x4
x1
x2
x1
x1
x1
x1
x1
x82x2
10
21
23
8
38
44
x24
x4 x4
x1
x1
48
x1
51
17
18
52
53
x3
11
24
4729
26
41
x2
x1
15
16
36
01
03
02
04
Note: prepare 2 marbles.
63 64

33. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Experiment
Time
Switch the two sprockets, place a paper cup
on both chairs, and then compete to see who
can shoot a paper ball into the cups first.
Place the marble on the model chair, then
spin the chair to see if the marble falls off.
Evaluation
Art
Attack
05
09
07
11
06
10
12
08
6665

34. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
18
Intermittent Motion
What applications in our daily
does the intermittent motion
apply to?
Parts List
One type of intermittent transmission
is generated from a rotary movement. It
was originally designed by a watch factory in
Geneva; therefore, it is called a Geneva drive.
It is a mechanism that combines a drive wheel, a driven
wheel, and a pin, and is widely used in automated machinery. The pin
is fused on top of the drive wheel. The driven wheel has four slots in total.
When the drive wheel rotates, the pin will slide into the slots of the driven
wheel, causing the driven wheel to begin rotating as well. Every time the pin
“catches” inside a slot of the driven wheel, the driven wheel will rotate 90
degrees, before the pin slides back out. The driven wheel will have to wait
for the pin to rotate a further 270 degree before it will return again.
The surface of the drive wheel must always remain in close contact
with the driven wheel to prevent the driven wheel from shaking.
My appearance is very unique. I look kind of like a skateboard,
but I’m not. Because both my front and back have a pulley that
can rotate in every direction, I’m called a snakeboard. Since the
pulleys are not fixed, it is hard to even just balance on top of me
while still. So how do you control me? You only need to place your
feet on top of the front and back wheel, and pivot back and forth
to keep balance. Then I can move forward like a snake. Of course
for your own safety, make sure to wear a
helmet, as well as knee and elbow pads for
your protection.
Do you know the features of inter val
motion?
B2-18A
Daily
Application
B2-18B
Assembly
StepsClock
01
03
02
04
1
6
x4
x6
x1x4
x11x1 x1
x1 x6
x1 x1
x1 x4
x1
x1
x2
21 48
x1
51
40
17
18
3730
31
45
52
35
50
53
x3
108
67 68

35. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Experiment
Time
Draw a smiling face, an angry face, a
sad face, and a laughing face. Place
them on the model so that a different
expression appear s each time the
handle rotates one time.
For every time the handle rotates once,
how many times does the needle rotate?
If you wanted to make an hour hand, a
minute hand, and a second hand clock,
how should the handles of each hand be
rotated?
Evaluation
Art
Attack
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
7069

36. Daily
Application
S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
19
Pantograph
What situations will you need to
use a pantograph?
Parts List
A drawing pantograph is a kind of drawing machine,
which can create a proportionally miniaturized or enlarged
copy of the original drawing. It’s structure is made out of a
series of four connecting rods in the shape of a parallelogram.
The parallelogram’s shape helps prevent any of the four connecting
rods from crossing over one another. In order to use a drawing pantograph,
first adjust the pantograph to the scale at which you want to draw. Then
place the pivot, or “stylus”, on the object you want to copy. Begin tracing
the image with the stylus. As you trace, the pencil follows your movements,
recreating the image. If you place the pencil in the “inside” mount, it will
create a miniature copy of the image. If you reverse the placement
of the stylus and pencil so that the pencil is now on the “outside”, it
will create a magnified image.
Grandpa Rudolph loves looking at Paul’s painted creations. The
painted lines of Paul’s artwork are very beautiful, but they are too
small. Since Grandpa’s eyesight is not as clear as it used to be ,
Paul took out a magnify glass for him to use.
While magnifying glasses are ok to use for reading words, it’s
incapable of allowing Grandpa to see the whole picture, so
Paul suggested that they go magnify the image and print it out.
Grandpa Rudolph’s eyes lit up. He told Paul that he was going
to make a toy called a “drawing pantograph”, which can enlarge
Paul’s picture, just like how people used to do it in the past.
Have you ever played with a
drawing pantograph before?
B2-19A
Assembly
Steps
Drawing
Pantograph
1
6
21
x2
x5 x1
x3
x6
9
x2
5
x4
15
16
x5
48
01
03
02
04
71 72

37. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Experiment
Time
Place two pencils inside the pantograph,
marking one as point A and the other as
point B. Use the pencil at point A to draw a
picture while the pencil at point B copies it.
Com-pare the two drawings.
Use two 5-hole Dual Rods to draw two
different sized concentric circles.
Evaluation
Art
Attack
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
7473

38. 16. Mischievous snake 17. Rotating Crane
19. Pantograph18. Clock
75 76
1
Model
Design
2
Model
Creation
3
Winner!
My Artwork
S e s s i o n
Evaluation
20
4
Model
Review
Design
Concept
Monograph
Many people who are overweight don’t like to exercise. Please
design a unique exercise machine to help motivate them to get fit!

39. 77 7877 78
Learning Lab- Individual Packages Learning Lab- School Packages
30 mins/ session; 30 sessions/ package
50 mins/ session; 20 sessions/ package
40 mins/ session; 20 sessions/ package
#1230 Wonderful World1
#1249 Construction Set20
#1231 Theme Park2
#1232 Little Artist3 #1233 Fun Cube4
#1248 Basic Set19
#1245 Vibro & Gyro16#1244 Robot15
#1246 Programmable
Controller
17 #1247 S4A Interactive
Bricks
18
Creative World
Technology Explorer
Brick Contraption
40 mins/ session; 20 sessions/ package
#1238 Gas & Pneumatics9
#1240 Light & Solar Energy11
#1242 Chemical Battery13
#1234 Force &
Simple Machine
5 #1235 Motion &
Mechanism
6
#1236 Electricity & Circuit7 #1237 Electromagnetism
& Motor
8
#1239 Wind Power10
#1241 Liquid & Hydraulics12
#1243 Optical Devices14
Scientific Experiment
Target: age 2-6 (Kindergarten)
30 mins/ session;
120 sessions in total
Target: age 10+ (Jr. & Sr. High School)
50 mins/ session;
80 sessions in total
Target: age 7+ (Elementary School)
40 mins/ session;
100 sessions in total
Target: age 7+
40 mins/ session;
40 sessions in total
Target: age 7+ (Elementary School)
40 mins/ session;
100 sessions in total
#1250 Creative World Set
#1251 Scientific Experiment Set-
Power Machine
#1252 Scientific Experiment Set-
Green Energy
#1253 Technology Explorer Set
#1254 Brick Contraption Set
Creative Classroom