#1237 Electromagnetism and Motor Student workbook Copyright by Genius Toy Taiwan Co., Ltd.

1. 01
Creative Ability
can be Learned
(v1.0)
Gigo Learning Lab’s complete series includes 20 individual packages, as well as five
school sets. The special features of Gigo’s Learning Lab are as follows:
1. Using GIGO’s “building block” construction-based curriculum, every class has
a ready-to-assemble model, and includes time designed to promote individual
creativity.
2. Promotes thinking outside-the-box of the traditional educational framework by
learning innovation through play!
3. We are all innately good at something, so we should take into account both individual
development and the ability to work as part of a team effort.
4. Course levels are designed from elementary to difficult, combining a life sciences-
based curriculum with applications from daily life.
5. Experiment using Gigo’s “building blocks”, which can be used over and over again,
saving both time and effort.
6. Comes with Gigo’s newly developed 3D Smart Manual, which makes learning how to
intelligently assemble each model easier than ever before.
7. Learning Lab’s Cloud Platform allows systematic recording of learning progress.
We hope that kids can enthusiastically learn scientific knowledge through fun hands-
on experience, developing their problem-solving abilities, as well as a positive attitude
towards science. Our mission is to help children apply their newfound knowledge to
daily life, furthering their innovational skills and abilities.
For any questions or inquires. please email to LL@mail.gigo.com.tw
02
Index
07. Electromagnet
08. Electromagnetic Contactor
10. Monograph (2)
11. Ampere’s Law
Appendix: Learning Lab Packages
20. Monograph (4)
19. Electromotive Force
18. Electricity for Daily Life
17. Generator
16. Faraday’s Law
15. Monograph (3)
14. Speed and Steering Control
13. Torque and Power
12. Structure of a Motor
09. Applications for Electromagnetic Control
04. Magnetic Field Intensity
05. Monograph (1)
06. The Magnetic Effect of Current
03. Magnetic Effect
02. Magnetic Line of Force
01. The Characteristics of Magnetism
Parts List
Index
Education Philosophy 01 39
03 45
09 53
17 59
23 67
31 75
02 41
05 49
13 57
21 63
27 71
35 77

2. 03
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
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14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Long Frame
Short Frame
Square Frame
Dual Rod (Yellow)
Dual Rod (Grey)
11-hole Rod
11-hole Prolate Rod
7-hole Prolate Rod
5-hole Rod
5-hole Rod-III
3-hole Rod
3-hole Dual Rod
Bended Rod
Motor Axle
Cross Axle 3CM
Cross Axle 6CM
Cross Axle 7CM
Cross Axle 10CM
Cross Axle 15CsM
Battery Holder (AA Cell)
Wire (Red)
Wire (Black)
Alligator Clip (Red)
Alligator Clip (Black)
Enameled Wire 400CM
X Geo Connector
Reverse Generator
Iron Powder Pack
20T Gear
40T Gear
60T Gear
Cord 76CM
M Pulley
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
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47
48
49
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51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
L Pulley
Racing Tire
M Ring
L Ring
L Rubber Band
Cross Axle Fixer
Two-in-one Converter
Hinge
Cross Axle Connector
Bar
Worm Gear
90-degree Converter-I
90-degree Converter-II
Axle
Loose Axle
Pin
L Connecting Peg
S Connecting Peg
Cube Conductor
Switch Conductor
Bulb (Red)
Bulb (Green)
LED Bulb
Peg Conductor
Winding Reel
Iron Rod
Round Magnet
Compass
Crank
Base Grid Connector
Base Grid
Spanner
Parts L i st
04
1
x4
2
x4
4
x4
x4 x1
6
x5
9 10 11
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13
x3
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x1 x1 x1 x2 x1 x2 x2 x2 x1
x1 x2 x1 x4 x4 x6 x1 x22 x14 x2 x1 x1
x1
x2
x1
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x5
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x1
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x1
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26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65
3 5
87
x2 x2 x5 x4 x2 x4

3. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
T h i n k a b o u t i t , w h a t o t h e r
invisible forces are there in our
daily lives?
Grandpa Rudolph had taught Tony before how to use a magnet to attract
paper clips and hair pins; however, this time, in order to train Tony’s
observational skills and independent thinking, Grandpa Rudolph decided to
ask Tony to play with magnetism in a different way.
First, Tony dropped a nail into a brown ink cup. The nail immediately sunk and
vanished. Tony then tied a magnet to a fishing pole and began searching for
the nail. Curious, Tony noticed that the magnet not only could pick up things
from a distance in the air, but in water as well. Grandpa Rudolph explained
that applying force at a distance was a trait of magnets.
Did you know that even if a magnet is
covered by a cloth, it can still attract any iron
object?
Parts List
01
If an iron bar is exposed to a magnetic
field for a long period of time, it will
become magnetized. This phenomenon is called
“permanent magnetism”. This magnetized iron bar is
known as a “magnet”. In addition to attracting iron, any magnet
suspended on a thin string will point towards the North Pole, while
the opposite end will point to the South Pole. A magnet responds to the
Earth’s magnetic field. Like magnetic poles repel each other, while
opposite poles attract. This characteristic allows magnets to be
used in compasses for geographic orientation.
x2
x1 x2
x2 x3
x2
x1
x2
x2
x2 x2
10
12
17
33
34
36
37
50
3
2
60
01
03
02
04
Magnetic
Cart
05 06
Daily
Application
The Characteristics of
Magnetism

4. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Evaluation
Try this. How heavy of a car can a set of
magnets push?
Modify your magnetic car and make it
more powerful.
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
07 08
Art
Attack
Experiment
Time

5. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
What forms of invisible energy
do we use in daily life?
Faraday proposed the notion of
describing a magnetic field’s line of force.
His earliest idea was to use the lines of a magnetic
field to describe its spatial distribution and strength. By
applying some iron powder around a magnet, he could see that
the iron would arrange into lines known as “magnetic lines of force”.
Magnetic lines of force do not cross each other, and end at the North and
South poles of a magnet. Where the magnetic field is stronger, the lines
of force become more dense.
Parts List
World famous scientist Michael Faraday received very little formal education
as a child, but through great effort, he found work as Sir Humphry Davy’s
secretary.
When Davy set out on a long tour of continental Europe in 1813-15, he asked
Faraday to go as his scientific assistant. When Davy’s valet chose not to
accompany him, Davy asked Faraday to also act as a valet until a replacement
could be found. Faraday was forced to act as both a valet and an assistant
throughout the whole trip.
Because of Britain’s class system, Davy’s wife refused to treat Faraday as an
equal, making him travel outside the coach, eat
with servants, etc. Faraday was so miserable that
he considered giving up on science and returning
back to England. However, the trip did give him
access to the scientific
elite of Europe, and
helped expose him to
a host of stimulating
ideas.
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4
9
26
28
31
47
50
60
63
64
01
03
02
04
Charting
Expert
09 10
02
Daily
Application
Magnetic Line of Force

6. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Evaluation
Use some iron powder pack to observe the
distribution of magnetic lines of force. Try to
improve the visibility of the lines for better
observation.
Tr y applying t wo or more magnets.
Observe how the lines of force change
depending on the number and shapes of
the magnets.
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
11 12
Art
Attack
Experiment
Time

7. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
There are many animals which
u s e g e o m a g n e t i c f i e l d s t o
navigate during long-distance
m i g r a t i o n s . C a n y o u n a m e
some?
Parts List
Even though humans have long used natural magnets to pinpoint their position
and direction, they didn’t understand the theory behind it.
In 1600, an English physicist named William Gilbert published his findings on
natural magnetic fields. Through his research, he concluded that the Earth was
itself magnetic, which was the reason why compasses always pointed north.
Gilbert’s findings inspired others to continue researching.
The magnetic properties of Earth is known as geomagnetism. The direction of
geomagnetism is not always the same. Scientist believe that its movement is
related to the Earth’s rotation. Due to the existence of the geomagnetic field,
some animals have evolved to exploit it. Doves have
magnetic sensors in their heads that function just
like a magnetic needle. This allows them to navigate
by sensing the change in the geomagnetic field;
thus, they can find their
way home even from far
away.
x3
x4
x2
x1
x1x4 x1
x1
x1
x1
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64
3
7
x1
61
x2
01
03
02
04
Lost Migratory
Bird
1413
03
Magnetic Effect
Migratory birds are well known for their
incredible ability to travel great distances
by sensing the Earth’s magnetic field. Salmon also
have this ability. Adult salmon swim against the current for
thousands of kilometers to reach their birth place in order to spawn.
A new scientific theory reveals that salmon use geomagnetism to learn
and remember an imprint of their “home address”.
Daily
Application

8. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Evaluation
Please observe the change of the compass
needle when the magnet moves.
Try changing the position of a compass
or a magnet, and observe the difference
in how the magnetic needle shifts.
05
09
07
11 12
06
10
08
15 16
Art
Attack
Experiment
Time

9. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
Magnetism is a force that acts
at a distance. It can be applied
without making contact. What
other applications in our daily life
utilize this force?
Parts List
It’s a new semester, so Mom gave Tony a new pencil box. Tony quickly noticed
that there was a tiny iron plate installed on the edge of the cover, and a small
magnet on the inside of the box. Tony also noticed that there were two iron
plates attached to both side sides of the magnet. Tony asked Grandpa Rudolph
why a magnet would need such a thing.
Grandpa Rudolph said that by attaching two iron plates to the magnet’s sides,
they can guide and centralize the magnetic lines of force. This can help enhance
its ability to attract. On the other hand, removing the plates would weaken it.
In reality, the magnetic line of force doesn’t increase, it just becomes more
concentrated between the two iron plates. If we were to apply iron powder
around the magnet without the two iron plates, we would find the magnetic
line of force would be more spread out. If we then added the iron plates, we
would find that the magnetic line of force is more
centralized, creating
a m o r e i n t e n s e
magnetic field, and a
stronger attraction.
x1
x3
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x3
x2
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x7
x1
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1 2
4
6
9
10
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13
45
50
51
3 x1
60
01
03
02
04
Walking in
a Maze
1817
04
Magnetic Field Intensity
Whenever a compass is inside a magnetic
field, the North pole of its needle will
always be deflected. The strength of this deflection
is dependent on the magnetic field’s intensity. Installing iron
plates to the side of the magnet forms a pathway that allows a large
amount of concentrated magnetic lines of force to travel through; thus,
increasing both the magnetic lines’ density and force.
Daily
Application

10. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Evaluation
Try and see if you can get the magnet through
the maze using the power of magnetism
alone.
Try to make a more complicated maze
and play with your friends together.
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
19 20
Art
Attack
Experiment
Time

11. S e s s i o n
Monograph
Try using the theory you have learned so far to design a tow truck.
03. Lost Migratory Bird
02. Charting Expert
04. Walking in a Maze
05
1
01. Magnetic Cart
21 22
Model
Review
1
2
3
Model
Design
Model
Creation
Winner!
Design
Concept
My Artwork
Evaluation

12. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
Did you know that there are
several ways to determine the
polarity of a magnet?
People used to think that electricity and magnetism were unrelated, but Hans
Christian Ørsted discovered that a deep relationship existed between these two
natural phenomena.
While a student at the University of Copenhagen, Ørsted was awarded honors for his
papers in both aesthetics and physics. He also ranked among the best of his class in
his Pharmacist Qualification exam. After reading Alessandro Volts’ research, Ørsted
became inspired to study the nature of electricity, and to conduct his first electrical
experiments.
On 21 April 1820, Ørsted suddenly had a thought while in a lecture. He wondered
whether or not a compass needle would react if placed in parallel next to an electric
wire. Curious, he set up the experiment. He noticed the
compass needle deflected from magnetic north when an
electric current from a battery was switched on and off.
Everyone was surprised with the result. This was the first
experiment on electromagnetism.
In 1820, Ørsted published his findings. His
d e m o n s t r a t i o n o f a d i r e c t
relationship between electricity
and magnetism began study
into electromagnetism.
Parts List
The Magnetic Effect of Current
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58
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3 8
61
62
63
64
01
03
02
04
24
Electromagnetic
Indicator
23
06
What humans initially knew about
magnetism was that if we hung up a
magnetic bar and let it move freely, the N point would
always point to the north and the S point would always point
to the south. When Ørsted discovered that electric wires can distort
a compass needle, defying magnetism’s basic principle, he confirmed
that electricity can create a magnetic field. This new theory totally
revolutionized the world of physics.
Daily
Application

13. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Evaluation
Try to control the electrical current’s direction
so that you change the direction of the
compass needle.
Can you come up with an interesting
design by changing the direction of the
magnetic field?
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
25 26
Art
Attack
Experiment
Time

14. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
There are many tools that utilize
magnetic field theory. Can you
think of any from daily life?
An electromagnet is simply a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is
produced by an electric current.
An electromagnet uses direct-current (DC), therefore the direction of the generated
magnetic field is fixed. In order to concentrate the magnetic force, a wire is tightly
coiled. When energized, it will produce a magnetic field. The more times the wire
is coiled, the better the results.
Placing a piece of iron inside the coiled wire will enhance the magnetic field
produced from the electric current; however, steel is unsuitable, as it will eventually
transform into a permanent magnet. When a DC is flowing through the coiled
wire, the iron will become a temporary magnet. When the current is turned off,
the magnetic field disappears. Adding more
coils or increasing electrical current can also
increase the intensity of the magnetic field.
Parts List
07
Note: please prepare several paper clips.
x4
x1
x3
x2
x4
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x4
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x22
x2
1
2
6
10
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29
31
32
44
50
x1
58
x1
59
x2
x1
62
64
3
01
03
02
04
Electromagnetic
Crane
27 28
Electromagnet
Industrial electromagnets are a common
sight at waste iron recycling centers.
Electromagnetic cranes run along a track rather than
on wheels. Attached to a giant electromagnet, they move
back and forth along the track, lifting things. Once electrified, the
electromagnet can lift up waste iron and move it. Once the power is off,
the magnetic field disappears and the iron waste is released. This method
can skip the human packing process, reduces the possibility of injuries,
and efficiently moves huge amounts of waste iron.
Daily
Application

15. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Evaluation
Try this! How many paper clips can you move
at one time?
How can we let the crane attract more
paper clips?
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
30
Art
Attack
Experiment
Time
29

16. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
T h r o u g h i m p r o v e m e n t s i n
technology, there are now many
d i f f e r e n t k i n d s o f s w i t c h e s
nowadays. Can you name some
of them?
Parts List
“Tony, see who is it.”
Tony went to check the intercom and saw that a neighbor had brought a bag
of fruit for them. Tony carried the bag of fruit to the living room and ran into
Grandpa, who had just come out from his room.
Grandpa asked Tony if he knew the reason why the door opened after he
pressed the button on the intercom. Tony didn’t know how to respond. He had
never thought about it before, even though he did it all the time. His curiosity later
drove him to ask Grandpa for an answer.
Grandpa told Tony that when he pressed the
button to open the door, a current would travel
through an electromagnet downstairs, which
would pull in the door latch, and cause the door
to open. This is one of many applications for
electromagnetic contactors.
Do you know of any
ot he r ap p li c at i o ns
for electromagnetic
switches?
08
Commonly referred to as a “relay”,
electromagnetic contactors are electrically
controlled switches that use current flowing through
coiled wires to generate a magnet field to control the “on’ and
“off” position of a contact head. Relays can also control the voltage
level of different types of machines. Since relays can control machine
from a distance through electric wiring, they are widely used to control
factory equipment, heaters, machine tools, and other electronics.
Daily
Application
x2
x4
x2
x2
x1x1
x1
x1
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x1
x1x1
x2
x1
x1
x1 x1
x2x1
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x7
x3
x2
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2
4
6
10
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30
18
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22
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25
39
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50
51
52
55
58
59
63
64
3
8
01
03
02
04
01
03
02
04
Note: please prepare several paper clips.
Divine
Lighting
3231
Electromagnetic Contactor

17. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Evaluation
How big must the magnetic force be in order
to activate the lever of the switch?
How can we make it easier to activate the
switch?
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
33 34
Art
Attack
Experiment
Time

18. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
W h a t o t h e r i n t e r e s t i n g
a p p l i c a t i o n s a r e t h e r e f o r
electromagnetism?
Helen went to the supermarket with her mom to buy some groceries. Helen
seldom went there, so she was curious about much she saw.
Helen noticed that there were two tiny plastic squares attached to some
windows, one of them was even connected with a wire. Helen asked her
mother what they were for.
Helen’s mother told her that this was for security. Inside of the square without
a wire is a magnet. Inside the square with a wire is
a reed switch. When the windows are closed, the
two squares are side by side, and the reed switch
will be attracted to the magnet. When the window
is opened, the magnet is pulled away, and the
reed switch will revert to it’s original position, which
closes a circuit and activates an alarm.
Parts List
Applications for
Electromagnetic Control
x1
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52
58
59
60
63
64
8
01
03
02
04
Automatic
Door
35 36
09
We can see reed switches inside burglar sensors. There are
two designs that are commonly used. The type mentioned above
uses a magnet to open a reed circuit. When the magnet is removed, the
reeds snap back into place and close the circuit. The other kind is the
opposite: a magnet pulls the reeds into a closed circuit.
Daily
Application

19. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Evaluation
Use an electromagnet and connecting rod to
control the open/close switch of an automatic
door.
How can we control the open and close
motion of the automatic door?
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
38
Art
Attack
Experiment
Time
37

20. S e s s i o n
Monograph
Try to design an electromagnetic car whose movement can be
controlled by an electromagnet.
06. Electromagnet Indicator
08. Divine Lighting
07. Electromagnetic Crane
09. Automatic Door
10
2
40
Model
Review
1
2
3
Model
Design
Model
Creation
Winner!
Design
Concept
My Artwork
Evaluation
39

21. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
How else can we represent the
magnetic effect of current?
While Ørsted first revealed the magnetic effect of an electric current, he never
mathematically proved the relationship between the two.
Andre-Marie Ampere was an 18th century physicist and mathematician. After
hearing of Ørsted’s discovery, Ampere began developing a mathematical theory to
better understand the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Adding onto
Ørsted’s experiments, Ampere showed that two wires carrying an electric current will
attract or repel each other depending on whether the directional flow of their currents
are the same or not. His work laid down the foundation of electrodynamics. Ampere’s
most important mathematical principle states that the mutual behavior of two current-
carrying wires is directly proportional to their lengths, as well as the intensity of their
currents. This principle is known as Ampere’s Law.
Ampere was the first to develop a SI unit of
measurement for electric current: the ampere. He
designed an instrument to measure current using a free
rotating magnetic needle. Later, people would modify
his design to create the “galvanometer”. Ampere’s Law
is applied when using an electric motor, which utilizes
the magnetic effect of current
to transform electrical energy
into mechanical energy.
Parts List
11
A key electrical component in our daily
lives is called a motor. It takes the torque
produced by a current-carrying conductor located
inside a magnetic field to move external components,
such as in washing machines, hair dryers and fans. They are all
applications of Ampere’s law. In addition, the voltmeter, used to measure
electric potential, and the ammeter, used to measure current, are also the
applications of Ampere’s law.
Daily
Application
x2 x2
x1
x1
x1
x1
x1
x1
x1
x1
x1x1
x3
2
9
10
20
23
24
25
48
50
58
59
61
64
01
03
02
04
Inverted
Earth
4241
Ampere’s Law

22. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Evaluation
Try to control the direction of a compass by
using an electromagnet.
Other than a compass, is there any
way to recognize the direction of the
electromagnet?
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
43 44
Art
Attack
Experiment
Time

23. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
What machinery, from both the
home or the classroom, are
driven by a motor?
Parts List
Normally, motors are roughly divided into a rotor and a stator. The rotor is
rotatable, while the stator is stationary and provides a magnetic field around it.
The ordinary structure of a DC motor consists of an armature, a field magnet,
a commutator, and a brush. The rotor in the center of the DC motor is an
armature made from a wire wound around a soft iron core, which is connected
to two semicircular commutators . The commutator make contact with a
stationary brush, which transfers power from the rotating armature and
reverses the direction of the current each half-turn before reversing again.
The stator is a permanent magnet often used as a
field magnet. An external power supply is channeled
through the brush of the commutator to provide a
current for the armature. This generates a magnetic
field that interacts with the stator’s permanent
magnet, thus causing the armature to rotate.
12
Commonly known as an electric motor,
it is used extensively in a variety of electric
power supplies. With the help of electric motors,
it is possible to convert electrical energy into mechanical
energy, which drives the rotating, vibrating, or linear movement
of a mechanical component. While linear movement is preferred for
automated processes, rotational movement is applicable across the board,
from the office to the home.
Daily
Application
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x2
x4x1
x1
x1
x2
x2
x2
x2
x1
2
6
20
23
24
25
50
63
64
8
60
01
03
02
04
Simple
Motor
45 46
Structure of a Motor

24. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Evaluation
If we change the placement of the magnet,
how will the movement of the wire change?
How else can we make the wire turn?
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
48
Art
Attack
Experiment
Time
47

25. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
What ways can we affect the
movements of a rotating object?
Parts List
Paul wanted to assemble and electric car. Although he had never tried this
before, he already had experience assembling a simple lightbulb circuit. Paul
understood clearly that in order to make the lightbulb shine brighter, he would
need to place several batteries in a series.
When connected to batteries in a series, a lightbulb shines stronger, causing
the batteries’ power output to be greater. Using the lightbulb analogy for the
design of his electric cars, Paul separately connected a single battery-powered
motor to one electric car, and a two-battery-powered-series motor in another.
After a “street test”, it was apparent that the battery-series motor’s power output
was greater than that of the single battery-powered car, resulting in greater
torque, power, and speed.
Did you know that the more torque a motor has,
the greater it’s power?
13
The rotational speed of an electric
motor is affected by both its voltage and
current. Changes in its rotational speed can affect the
rotational load capacity of the shaft output, therefore affecting
changes in torque. All aforementioned variables are influenced by
the motor design. For example, a regular DC motor is designed with a
brush. Additionally, there is a brushless DC motor that can achieve high
torque at low RPM. It is commonly found in cooling fans for computers.
Daily
Application
x1
x1
x1
x1
x2
x1 x1
x2 x2
x2
x1
x1
x1
1 9
14
17
20
21
22
27
35
42
50
64
5
01
03
02
04
Ferris
Wheel
49 50
Torque and Power

26. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Evaluation
Record the motor’s rotational weight limit.
How can we make the motor’s rotational
load larger?
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
52
Art
Attack
Experiment
Time
51

27. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
What other rotating objects from
our daily lives need to control
their speed and steering?
Parts List
In order to help Tony broaden his horizons, Grandpa Rudolph took him to see
a movie called “The Internship.”
In the film, when the two main characters arrive at the Google HQ, they
wave at a passing car, only to find out there’s no one inside driving it! After
the movie, Tony asked Grandpa Rudolph out of curiosity, “Was that a science
fiction movie? How could no one be in the car, but it could still move on its
own?”
Grandpa Rudolph then told Tony that the car was neither science fiction nor
a prop; it was a genuine driverless car. Using
cameras, radar sensors, and lasers, as well as
data collected manually from a driver, driverless
vehicles can intelligently execute control over
the car’s speed and
steering without hitting
anything.
14
Automatic Guided Vehicles (AGVs) have
been widely used in the supply chain and
logistics industries, particularly for the transporting of
goods from on-loading to offloading sites within warehouses
and factories. Their ability to handle different materials allows a
flexible production line, which helps to reduce cost. Its energy is generally
supplied by a rechargeable battery, and is assisted and guided by either a
series of wires built underground, or via lines made from reflective paint.
Sensors on the AGV allows its steering to be controlled by the wire path,
enabling it to achieve unmanned automated handling.
Daily
Application
x2
x3 x2
x1
x1
x2
x2
x2
x1
x1
x5
x1
x1
x2
x1 x2
x2
x4
x1
x4
2 6
15
18
20
21
22
27
29
30
31
33
34
36
37
46
47
48
50
3
01
03
02
04
Changing
Direction Car
53 54
Speed and Steering Control

28. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Evaluation
Can you make several different gear ratios?
What are some other ways a vehicle
could be designed to move instead of
only moving forwards and reversing?
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
56
Art
Attack
Experiment
Time
55

29. S e s s i o n
Monograph
Please use a motor and an electromagnet to design a “street
sweeper” that can vacuum up paperclips scattered across a
tabletop.
11. Inverted Earth
13. Ferris Wheel
12. Simple Motor
14. Changing Direction Car
15
3
58
Model
Review
1
2
3
Model
Design
Model
Creation
Winner!
Design
Concept
My Artwork
Evaluation
57

30. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
How can we know of electricity’s
existence in daily life?
B4-16B
Parts List
B4-16A
Electrically- produced magnetic fields, which conversely led him to wonder,
could magnetism produce electricity as well?
Faraday wanted to understand nature’s mysteries. In 1831, Faraday wrapped
two coils around an iron ring. He plugged coil A into a battery, and coil B into a
galvanometer. Whenever he turned the battery of coil A on or off, he noticed a
transient current in coil B.
Faraday’s device allowed him to discover electromagnetic induction. To
understand how changes in an magnetic field produce an induced current,
Faraday replaced coil A with a magnet and continued experimenting. When he
moved the magnet towards and away from a bundle of coils, his galvanometer
showed a transient current. In addition to induced current, the coils will
produce a potential difference. Faraday’s experiment
proved that a moving magnet could produce an
electrical current.
x1
x1
x4
x1
x7
x1
x1 x1
1
2 10
x1
16
30
x1
x1
31
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43
50
x1
58
x2
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64
3
6
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11
x1
25
x1
47
x1
x1
48
49
x2
60
01
03
02
04
Assembly
Steps
5959 60
16
Faraday’s Law
When a magnet is placed inside a spiral coil,
it causes an electric current to travel through
the coil. When the magnet is removed, the current flows
in reverse. This phenomenon indicates that electric current cannot
be created out of nothing, it must be produced, and that electricity is just
another manifested form of energy, and is itself, not the original generator.
Daily
Application

31. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Evaluation
Please measure the voltage of two ends of
enamelled wire and record it.
How can you increase the output of
electricity?
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
62
Art
Attack
Experiment
Time
61

32. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
What energy sources can be
used to generate electricity?
Parts List
The principle design and structure of generators and electric motors are very
similar. Electric motors operate based on the magnetic repulsion between
two like poles, which helps to generate power. This energy is then converted
into mechanical energy. When operating a generator, this process is done in
reverse.
Generators also include a rotor and a stator. The stator provides a magnetic
field around the turning rotor. It also uses other forces to spin the rotor’s
conducting wires inside the magnetic field, which in turn generates an
electromotive force within the wires.
Generators are divided based on their fixed current direction, AC or DC.
Both operate on the same principle; it is only how they are connected to a
commutator that is different. AC was originally
invented by Nikola Tesla, and is usually used
when generating very high voltages. With
both current directions, electricity is produced
v i a c o n v e r t i n g
mechanical energy
into electrical energy.
x2
x1
x2
x1
x1 x1
x1
x1
x1 x1
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x1
2 12
17
21
22
27
31
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51
56
62
64
x1
29
x1
9
01
03
02
04
Human-powered
Generator
63 64
17
Generator
Massive earthquakes often result in a shut
off of water and electricity to affected areas,
making it impossible to rescue others, especially at night
time when there are no lights available. Therefore, it is best to
prepare a hand-cranked generator for any emergency kit, as it can help
to charge both flashlights and cellphones.
Daily
Application

33. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Evaluation
Pair up a gear and a generator to produce
electricity so that the bulb lights up.
How can we make the lightbulb brighter?
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
66
Art
Attack
Experiment
Time
65

34. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
What other actions in our daily
lives could we use to generate
electricity?
Parts List
Tony wanted ride his bike to accompany his Grandpa Rudolph during his
evening walk. Grandpa Rudolph said, “I’m afraid not Tony. There’s no warning
lights on the bicycle. Disappointed, Tony asked “So what?”. Grandpa Rudolph
told him why.
It is dangerous for bicycles to ride at night without a back light because it’s
difficult for motorists to see them on dark roads. Without a back light, it is
easy to be struck by a car traveling at very fast speeds. Because this occurs
frequently, bikers should always install warning lights before riding at night.
Did you know that riding a bicycle at night
without installing warning lights is extremely
dangerous?
18
x2
x2
x1
x3
x1
x1
x1
x1
x1
x2
x2
x2
x1
x1
x1
x1
x1
x6
x4
1 6
11
16
18
19
21
22
27
29
31
34
35
37
46
50
51
56
3
01
03
02
04
A Walking
Generator
67 68
Electricity for Daily Life
If we make good use of our ingenuity, we can use many
applications from our daily lives to produce electricity. For
example, batteries inside multi-functional backpacks could store
electricity from solar panels installed on the outside. During sunny days, you
could rely on the battery alone, and on cloudy days, the alternating current can
be used to charge the battery, making it very convenient for outdoor activities.
Another example is using shoes to generate electricity. Students have created a
hair-thin electrical device, which can be hidden on the bottom of shoes, and can
produce electricity from the power generate from every step. This can help charge
mobile phones and other appliances. Keep an eye out for these creative
inventions in the future!
Daily
Application

35. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Evaluation
Is the brightness of the bulb different when
the model moving fast and slow?
Please design a model using Gigo's
building blocks that can both store and
produce energy.
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
70
Art
Attack
Experiment
Time
69

36. S e s s i o n
Brainstorming
How do we distinguish between
t h e vo l t a g e a n d c u r r e n t o f
generated electricity?
Parts List
Spencer Silver was asked by his boss to produce a powerful thickening agent.
To the dissatisfaction of his boss, Spencer was unsuccessful in completing his
objective even after endless testing. After finding this out, his colleague, Arthur
Fry, encouraged him by telling the story of Faraday.
After having discovered EMF, Faraday was asked by a women, “What use
does it have?” Unfazed, Faraday replied, “None yet. But would you ask a
newborn baby what its use is too?”
Thanks to his conversation with Fry, Spencer Silver allowed himself to be
more optimistic. Fry suddenly thought, “Silver’s failed invention can stick to
paper without leaving a trace when torn.” Even though Silver had failed at
his original attempt to invent a strong adhesive,
Silver altered his viewpoint on the applications
for his invention and created the Post-it note,
which quickly became
a popular stationary
tool.
19
x2
x1
x5
x1
x1
x1x1
x1
x1
x1
x1
x1
x1
x1
x2
x6
2 9
11
14
21
22
27
30
31
47
50
57
56
3
29
x1
64
01
03
02
04
Electrical
Sensor
71 72
Electromotive Force
If power is momentarily passed through a
coil, it will produce an induced electromotive
force. This principle can be applied to both generators
and electric motors, as well in transformers. Transformers
are electrical devices that transfer energy between two coils.
An alternating current flows through the primary winding, while the
secondary winding is attached to a load. An iron core forms a closed
magnetic circuit, which acts as a bridge for energy to travel between the
two. The purpose of a transformer is to convert both voltage and current,
like the one in your phone charger.
Daily
Application

37. 1 2 3
Model
Assembled
Experiment
Complete
Model
Creation
Evaluation
Use different components to observe the
difference between the generated electricity’s
current and voltage.
H o w c a n w e a d j u s t t h e g e n e r a t e d
elec tr ic it y ’s amount of c ur rent and
voltage?
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
74
Art
Attack
Experiment
Time
73

38. S e s s i o n
Monograph
Please design a battery pack. First connect it to the motor.
Afterwards, design a car transmission.
16. A Simple Generator
18. A Walking Generator
17. Human-powered Generator
19. Electrical Sensor
20
4
76
Model
Review
1
2
3
Model
Design
Model
Creation
Winner!
Design
Concept
My Artwork
Evaluation
75

39. 77 7877 78
Learning Lab- Individual Packages Learning Lab- School Packages
30 mins/ session; 30 sessions/ package
50 mins/ session; 20 sessions/ package
40 mins/ session; 20 sessions/ package
#1230 Wonderful World1
#1249 Construction Set20
#1231 Theme Park2
#1232 Little Artist3 #1233 Fun Cube4
#1248 Basic Set19
#1245 Vibro & Gyro16#1244 Robot15
#1246 Programmable
Controller
17 #1247 S4A Interactive
Bricks
18
Creative World
Technology Explorer
Brick Contraption
40 mins/ session; 20 sessions/ package
#1238 Gas & Pneumatics9
#1240 Light & Solar Energy11
#1242 Chemical Battery13
#1234 Force &
Simple Machine
5 #1235 Motion &
Mechanism
6
#1236 Electricity & Circuit7 #1237 Electromagnetism
& Motor
8
#1239 Wind Power10
#1241 Liquid & Hydraulics12
#1243 Optical Devices14
Scientific Experiment
Target: age 2-6 (Kindergarten)
30 mins/ session;
120 sessions in total
Target: age 10+ (Jr. & Sr. High School)
50 mins/ session;
80 sessions in total
Target: age 7+ (Elementary School)
40 mins/ session;
100 sessions in total
Target: age 7+
40 mins/ session;
40 sessions in total
Target: age 7+ (Elementary School)
40 mins/ session;
100 sessions in total
#1250 Creative World Set
#1251 Scientific Experiment Set-
Power Machine
#1252 Scientific Experiment Set-
Green Energy
#1253 Technology Explorer Set
#1254 Brick Contraption Set
Creative Classroom