With recent lawsuits and updated legal requirements on the horizon, institutions are more worried than ever about complying with accessibility laws. But how do you know whether the measures you're taking to make your content accessible are really working?
In this webinar, David Berman, the #1 rated speaker on the topic of web accessibility standards as well as an international expert in the field, will share with you the best tools his team uses when auditing and testing websites and documents. Having an excellent test regimen is a crucial part of online accessibility, and David has found the best tools to fit your workflow, platforms, and competencies... so you don’t have to! A combination of automated and manual testing will establish whether or not your website can be accessed as effectively by individuals with disabilities, and can determine whether or not you are compliant with legal standards. David will provide insight, tips, resources, and free tools for testing the accessibility of your website.
This webinar will cover:
Why you need to test your website for accessibility
How to build testing into your workflow
The benefits of (and the dangers of not) testing for accessibility
Tips for auditing, testing, and certifying
The best free tools for accessibility testing
1. 1
11½ Free Tools for Testing Website
Accessibility
David Berman (Presenter)
David Berman Communications
President
www.davidberman.com
Type questions in the window during the presentation
Recording of presentation will be available for replay
A link to live captioning can be found in the chat window
Lily Bond (Moderator)
3Play Media
lily@3playmedia.com
Tel: (617) 764-5189 x119
www.3playmedia.com
twitter: @3playmedia
live tweet: #a11y
2. @davidberman
@3playmedia
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11½ Free Tools for Testing Website Accessibility
by DavidBerman,RGDFGDC
and3Play Media
October 1,2015
3. Expert Speaker
David Berman, RGD, FGDC
davidberman.co
m
Topics (available publicly or at your location)
Perfecting Your Web Strategy 2.0
Management of Web Projects + Accessible Documents
Effective Web Interface Design
Design and Social Responsibility
Links and books:
http://www.davidberman.com/accessibility#resources
facebook.com/davidbermancommunications
linkedin.com/in/bermandavid
twitter.com/davidberman
4. David Berman, RGD, FGDC
davidberman.co
m
Topics (available publicly or at your location)
Perfecting Your Web Strategy 2.0
Management of Web Projects + Accessible Documents
Effective Web Interface Design
Design and Social Responsibility
Links and books:
http://www.davidberman.com/accessibility#resources
facebook.com/davidbermancommunications
linkedin.com/in/bermandavid
twitter.com/davidberman
Expert Speaker
9. Berman Accessibility Ribbon for Word
davidberman.com
Now available, for Word for
Windows 2010, 2013, 2016:
davidberman.com/ribbon
8
10. 10
WCAG 2.0 success criteria
W3C’s WAI (World Wide Web Consortium) publishes
WCAG 2.0 (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines)
made up of 5 conformance requirements
including 61 success criteria
classified by 3 levels
fulfilled by techniques
davidberman.com
11. 11
WCAG 2.0 “conformance levels”
(published 2008,ratified 2010)
NOTHING LEVEL A LEVEL AA LEVEL AAA
Worst Best
Without level A: some people will find it impossible
Without level AA: some people will find it difficult
Without level AAA: some people will miss full impact
For your site to be Level AA compliant,
you must meet all 25 Level A and 13 Level AA standards.
davidberman.com
12. 12
U.S. Government “Section 508”
Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 called for
standards.
Triggered by a Congressional amendment in 1998, Section
508 Electronic and Information Technology Accessibility
Standards, includes “Part 1194.22: Web-based Intranet and
Internet Information and Applications”, which includes 16
standards named (a) through (p), issued December 2000.
The Section 508 Refresh: a second draft of the “new
Section 508” was released for public comment in 2011.
The refresh will replace the 16 Section 508 rules with
WCAG 2.0 Level AA.
davidberman.com
13. 13
U.S. Section 508 covered by WCAG
508 WCAG 1 WCAG 2
a 1.1 1.1
b 1.4 1.2
c 2.1 1.4
d 6.1
1.3, 1.4,
2.1
e 1.2 2.1
f 9.1 1.1
g 5.1 1.3
h 5.2 1.3
508 WCAG 1 WCAG 2
i 12.1 2.4
j 11.4 2.3
k * 1.3
l * 2.1, 4.1
m * 2.4
n 5.1-5.4
1.3, 2.1,
3.2, 3.3
o * 2.4
p 7.3 2.2
* in the spirit of WCAG 1.0
davidberman.com
14. 14
ADA Web Accessibility Testing
davidberman.com
The ADA (Americans
with Disabilities Act)
lacks a formal list of
requirements. However
WCAG 2.0 Level AA,
plus the potential
addition of the WCAG
2.0 Level AAA Reading
Level success criterion
more than covers any
precedents for
satisfying ADA
requirements.
15. 15
PDF/UA
PDF/UA: the PDF specification exclusively for universal access is an
ISO standard (ISO 14289)
Acrobat Pro X Accessibility Checker focusses on the WCAG 2.0 rules.
Acrobat Pro XI and DC Accessibility Checker focusses on PDF/UA.
davidberman.com
16. 16
Accessible iOS:
iPhone, iPad
Development tools (iOS SDK):
Interface Builder
xCode IDE
iOS Simulator
Standards:
Apple has a best practice Making Your
iOS App Accessible, but it is not
mandatory for the Apple Store.
Built-in features to count on:
VoiceOver
davidberman.com
17. 17
Accessible Android:
phone, tablet, TV
Development resources:
Android Emulator
Accessibility Developer Checklist
Standards:
Android Developers has a best practice
document Making Applications Accessible,
but it is not mandatory for the Play Store.
Built-in features to count on:
TalkBack (and other Accessibility Settings)
Explore By Touch
davidberman.com
18. 18
Accessible etc.
Other mobile platforms to
consider…
Windows Phone, Blackberry,
ChromeOS, Nokia Symbian
Dedicated e-readers
Smart watches (Apple Watch,
Samsung Galaxy Gear, Pebble)
Android with Glass SDK
Internet of things (Fitbit, Hue,…)
davidberman.com
22. 22
Testing tools suggested by W3C
W3C Markup Validation service (confirms HTML,
XHTML and HTML5 conform to W3C and other
standards)
W3C CSS Validation service (free service that
confirms CSS conform to W3C recommendations)
W3C Link checker (confirms that public links work)
W3C RSS feed checker (confirms RSS code works)
Color Contrast Check (free interactive tool)
The HTML Tidy cleanup utility
...and more
davidberman.com
23. 23
Testing HTML: HiSoftware’s Cynthiasays.com
(from the Compliance Sherriff folk)
single page review, validation
option to output an accessible report
davidberman.com
24. 24
Testing tools: Deque
Worldspace Single Page Analysis: free,
slow (one page at a time) yet more
thorough, “Violation”/“Potential
Violation”/”Recommendation”
FireEyes Worldspace plug-in for Firefox:
free, track issues for a team (needs
Firebug), “Critical”/“Serious”/“Minor”/
“Moderate”
Worldspace Sync is the expensive
enterprise product: automatic scans, their
server or yours
davidberman.com
26. 26
Testing toolbars for browsers:
WAVE
WAVE Toolbar / online tool:
Firefox plugin
Chrome extension
WAVE 5 online for other browsers
Dreamweaver plugin
Accessibility Toolbar 2011 for IE:
Internet Explorer plugin
davidberman.com
27. Carl Grove’s diagnostic.css
Add this link to your browser tool bar
(or install from GitHub and use continuously
during development)
Tests for over 20 accessibility issues,
including:
– deprecated elements
– server-side image maps
– images without alt attributes
– image buttons without alt attributes
– images without a valid src attribute
– links without a valid hypertext reference
– fieldsets without legends
davidberman.com
27
28. 28
Testing HTML: AChecker
single page review, validation, decision tracking
option to upload HTML, or paste a chunk of code
when behind a firewall
davidberman.com
29. 29
Testing Web pages: HTML_CodeSniffer
works with Chrome, Firefox, Safari, IE
settings for WCAG 2.0 A/AA/AAA, Section 508
for each issue, offers links to techniques
davidberman.com
31. 31
Testing HTML/HTML5 Polyglot:
Total Validator Pro
runs on Windows, MacOS, or Linux
validator, accessibility checker spell
checker (including exceptions)
excellent broken links checking
settings for WCAG 2.0 A/AA/AAA,
Section 508
validate pages behind forms
scans entire site or a list of pages
inexpensive, or use their free basic tool
…but not compatible with non-English
characters such as umlauts
davidberman.com
32. 32
Contrast minimum:
WCAG Colour Contrast Analyser
AA Contrast ratio minimum: 4.5:1
(3:1 for 18+ pt. or 14+ pt. bold)
Test all files with Colour Contrast
Analyser’s luminosity algorithm, on
Windows or MacOS.
davidberman.c
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33. 33
Contrast minimum:
WCAG Contrast Checker
AA Contrast ratio minimum: 4.5:1
(3:1 for 18+ pt. or 14+ pt. bold)
Test all files with Colour Contrast
Analyser’s luminosity algorithm, on
Windows or MacOS.
Android: run TeamViewer QuickSupport
app on a Samsung tablet … or send screen
shots
iOS: use iOS Simulator with Colour
Contrast Analyser … or send screen shots
Windows: use Colour Contrast Analyser
native
davidberman.c
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34. 34
PEAT (for WCAG2: 2.3.1)
Ensure no content
(including videos or scripts!)
flashes more than 3 times a
second … OR the flashes are
below low contrast and red
flash thresholds (less than
25% of 10 degrees of the
visual field)
Animated or scrolling images
can trigger seizures in those with
photosensitive epilepsy, by
flickering or flashing in the 4 to
59 flash-a-second range, with
peak sensitivity at 20 Hertz.
A
davidberman.com
35. 35
Test screen readers: JAWS is expensive!
davidberman.com
Beware that keyboard
navigation differs
when using a screen
reader… test without
for the Keyboard
success criterion.
36. 36
Test screen readers: NVDA
(and its Speech Viewer)
davidberman.com
free, open source screen
reader for Windows
includes handy Speech Viewer
Tip: also install the free Focus
Highlight add-on (right click
NVDA tray icon> Tools>
Manage Add-ons> Get Add-
ons button> Focus Highlight>
“download stable version”,
return to Add-Ons Manager
window, Install… button)
37. 37
Test screen readers: Window-Eyes
(60 days of Flash testing)
davidberman.com
now free with full versions of Microsoft Office
warning: doesn’t do headings in PDF!
38. 38
Test screen readers: Fangs
davidberman.com
Fangs: screen reader emulator for sighted developers
does not support HTML5, WAI-ARIA or interaction
closer to JAWS than it is to NVDA
39. 39
Testing PDF: Acrobat Pro’s full accessibility
check
use Acrobat Pro X or earlier Accessibility> Full Check, for
commenting, option levels, repair hints
Use Acrobat Pro XI or DC Accessibility Checker: some
failures have a Fix and/or Skip Rule (i.e. manual pass),
detailed reporting, but PDF/UA rather than WCAG of Acrobat
X or earlier
davidberman.com
40. 40
Testing PDF: PAC
PAC’s PDF Accessibility Checker:
most useful for simple files
version 1.3: 14 PDF/UA checks
version 2.0: 55 PDF/UA checks
“Screenreader Preview” feature
accessible security check
for Windows and MacOS (1.3 only)
sometimes correctly catches “Alternative
Text Available” failures that Acrobat
Pro’s checkers miss
tip: use Acrobat Pro’s Set Alternate Text command on the PAC
report’s identified pages to easily remedy them … if Set
Alternate Text doesn’t solve subtle issues regarding artifacts
then instead use the Background button
davidberman.com
41. 41
Testing/fix Word, Excel, PowerPoint
Office 2010/2013/2016 Accessibility Checker is
like spell check: File> Info> Check For Issues>
Check Accessibility … errors, warnings, tips
(Gotcha: ignore PowerPoint’s error for “Missing Alt
Text” on images that are decorative)
PowerPoint: PPT2HTML for Windows:
accessibility toolbar for adding alternative text to
PowerPoint charts
PowerPoint: Powertalk for Windows: free open-
source screen reader/testing for PowerPoint
davidberman.com
42. 42
Testing iOS apps:
Accessibility Inspector
iOS SDK includes the OS Simulator
(General> Accessibility> Accessibility Inspector)
davidberman.com
43. 43
Testing Android apps: Android Emulator,
Android Eyes-Free Keyboard
Testing focus navigation:
Android Emulator provides a simulated directional controller
Eyes-Free Keyboard (for Android) simulates use of a D-pad on a test
device (and generally useful for pre-ICS)
Testing gesture navigation:
Turn on TalkBack and Explore by Touch
davidberman.com
44. 44
Real-world testing
is critical to true accessibility
Test to ensure the design works for real users
Frequent testing trumps statistical relevance
Test in context: their phone ringing, their
equipment, their workflow
Focus Groups Usability Testing
Who: Group Who: One person at a time
What: Get a sample of users’
opinions and abstract feelings
about concept
What: Show something and ask
them what it is, or to try to
complete a task
When: Before design When: After overall design, each
page type, each template
davidberman.comdavidberman.c
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47. About David Berman, RGD, FGDC
Accessibility Consultant
Expert Speaker and Trainer
Author of Do Good Design
(Pearson, 2013)
Links to resources mentioned by David:
http://www.davidberman.com/accessibility#resources
Do Good Design editions:
Chinese, English, Indonesian, Korean, Malay, and braillex
…read the first 40 pages free at Google Books:xx
www.davidberman.com/dogoodgooglebook
davidberman.com
47
48. David’s full learning guides, coaching,
on-site courses
“The New Standard on Web Accessibility”
“Accessible PDF by Design”
“Accessible Virtual Classrooms”
“Accessible Distance Learning”
“Perfecting Your Web Branding Strategy 2.0”
Learning guides available for $97 each from
davidberman.com/store
davidberman.c
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50. •5•5
Presenters
David Berman
David Berman
Communications
President
Lily Bond
3Play Media
lily@3playmedia.com
+1.617.764.5189 X119
•Upcoming Webinars
October 8: 10 Tips for Creating
Accessible Online Courses
October 22: Closed Captioning
Standards & Best Practices
November 5: Universal Design
for Online Learning
December 3: Accessible Lecture
Capture
•Register for free at:
•www.3playmedia.com/webin
ars/
•Q&A