This document defines key vocabulary terms related to 3D printing, electronics, and programming with Arduino. It explains concepts such as additive vs subtractive manufacturing, electrical components like resistors and diodes, microcontroller basics, and programming functions for controlling outputs like LEDs, motors, and servos. Terms covered include filament, nozzle, breadboards, sketches, serial communication, pulse width modulation, and libraries for using sensors and actuators with Arduino code.

1. Creative Design & Innovation 1 Mrs. Shamsa Aziz Alshehhi
Key Vocabulary 11 Advance
Word Meaning
Extrude A mechanical system that forces the lament into the
heated nozzle at a controlled rate
Filament Material (usually plastic) that will be used to produce
the printed object. Filament is fed to the extruder
subtractive The removal of the unnecessary material until you are
left with the product you want
additive a process which adds material to create an object
nozzle a device designed to control the direction of a uid ow as
it exits an enclosed chamber or pipe
Electrical circuit A group of electrical component connected by conductors
Voltage The differences in charge between two points
current The time rate of flow of electric charge
Resistance The degree to which a device opposes the passage of an
electric current
DC An electrical current where the flow is consistently in one
direction, is called a direct current.
Breadboard A board for making a prototype of an electrical circuit.
Embedded system An embedded system is a computer system with a
specific function, inside a larger mechanical or electrical
system.

2. Creative Design & Innovation 2 Mrs. Shamsa Aziz Alshehhi
Microcontroller fits on a single chip and contains everything required to
control an external system.
Input Collects signals from its environment
Processing A series of actions that produce something or that lead to
a result.
Output Sends signals out based on the input information.
Tolerance A maximum electrical or mechanical variation of
specifications that can be tolerated without affecting the
operation of a device.
AC An electrical current when the flow of charge changes
direction periodically and voltage level also reverses, is
called an alternating current.
Resistor An electrical component that limits or regulates the flow
of electrical current in an electronic circuit.
Arduino board A simple microcontroller board
IDE An integrated development environment (IDE) is a
software application that provides comprehensive
facilities to computer programmers for software
development.
Pins Nodes ( connection points) on the socket
Power supply DC electrical power source 5 or 3.3 volt
GND The grounded (earthed) pin with a value of 0 volt.
Sketch The name of the Arduino program
Bits (binary) A signal number (digit), either zero or one.

3. Creative Design & Innovation 3 Mrs. Shamsa Aziz Alshehhi
Serial
communication
The process of sending data one bit at a time,
sequentially, over a communication channel.
Serial monitor A display window that displays the serial data
transmitting bits per second

4. Creative Design & Innovation 4 Mrs. Shamsa Aziz Alshehhi
print
The process of writing texts and numbers on the
monitor using the functions Serial.print () and
Serial.println()
Variables A storage box to store data that can be definded using
the words, int, float, and char
comments Notes written to comment on the code and definded ,
using the symbols // or /* */
Diode An electronic component with two terminals that allows
current to flow in one direction only
anode
The positive terminal of a diode
Cathode The negative terminal of a diode
Light Emitting
Diode (LED)
A diode that emits light when current passes through it
Transistor A semiconductor device used to amplify or switch
electronics signals and electrical power.
Electrical DC
motor
Rotary electrical machines that convert direct current
electrical energy into mechanical energy.
PWM Pulse width modulation (PWM), is a technique for
generating an analog signal using digital means.
Time period (T) The time needed for one cycle of a signal to be
completed, the time of the ON and the OFF combined
Frequency (F) The number for one cycles per second measures in
hertz unit
Duty cycle (D) The ratio between the ON time divided by the time
period of the digital signal wave. This value is
important in the signal modulation applications. It has
a value between 0% to 100% of the time period

5. Creative Design & Innovation 5 Mrs. Shamsa Aziz Alshehhi
analogWrite
(pin,value)
A function writes an analog value (PWM wave) to the
specified pin
Servo motors A rotary actuator that allows for precise control of the
angular position
Servo library This library allows an Arduino board to control servo
motors
servo.attach (pin) Attach the servo variable to a pin
servo.write(angle) Writes a value to the servo, controlling the shaft
accordingly