This document provides an overview of an introductory course on Arduino prototyping. The course covers installing the Arduino integrated development environment and libraries, electrical components like resistors and LEDs, programming basics, and virtual prototyping tools. It then discusses the Arduino board features, different input and output types, and demonstrates building a simple LED circuit on a breadboard. The document emphasizes hands-on learning and introduces concepts like analog and digital signals to help students start prototyping with Arduino.
This document provides an overview of an introductory course on Arduino prototyping. The course covers installing the Arduino integrated development environment and drivers, electrical components like resistors and LEDs, basic circuit prototyping using breadboards, and introductory Arduino programming concepts like inputs, outputs, and the setup and loop functions. It also outlines the history and purpose of the Arduino board and describes some common Arduino shields and components used in prototyping.
A ppt explaining Arduino usage and coding too. Arduino is the go-to gear for artists, hobbyists, students, and anyone with a gadgetry dream.
rose out of another formidable challenge: how to teach students to create electronics, fast.
The word “circuit” is derived from the circle. An Electrical Circuit must have a continuous LOOP from Power (Vcc) to Ground (GND).
Continuity is important to make portions of circuits are connect. Continuity is the simplest and possibly the most important setting on your multi-meter. Sometimes we call this “ringing out” a circuit.
Resistance is the measure of how much opposition to current flow is in a circuit.
Components should be removed entirely from the circuit to measure resistance. Note the settings on the multi-meter. Make sure that you are set for the appropriate range.
Current is the measure of the rate of charge flow. For Electrical Engineers – we consider this to be the movement of electrons.
In order to measure this – you must break the circuit or insert the meter in-line (series).
Use the breadboard to wire up a single LED with a 330 Ohm Resistor (Orange-Orange-Brown).
Arduino (/ɑːrˈdwiːnoʊ/) is an Italian open-source hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices. Its hardware products are licensed under a CC BY-SA license, while the software is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public License (GPL),[1] permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available commercially from the official website or through authorized distributors.[2]
Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards ('shields') or breadboards (for prototyping) and other circuits. The boards feature serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models, which are also used for loading programs. The microcontrollers can be programmed using the C and C++ programming languages (Embedded C), using a standard API which is also known as the Arduino Programming Language, inspired by the Processing language and used with a modified version of the Processing IDE. In addition to using traditional compiler toolchains, the Arduino project provides an integrated development environment (IDE) and a command line tool developed in Go.
The Arduino project began in 2005 as a tool for students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea, Italy,[3] aiming to provide a low-cost and easy way for novices and professionals to create devices that interact with their environment using sensors and actuators. Common examples of such devices intended for beginner hobbyists include simple robots, thermostats, and motion detectors.
The document provides an introduction to Arduino, including its history and capabilities. It was created in 2005 in Italy as an open-source hardware platform to make electronics more accessible to students and hobbyists. The Arduino board can read analog and digital input and output signals. It connects to a computer via USB and is programmed using the Arduino IDE. Common commands like digitalWrite(), analogWrite(), and pinMode() are used to control inputs, outputs, and PWM signals. The document includes examples of blinking LEDs, fading LEDs, and reading analog sensor values.
Arduino Workshop Day 1 Slides
Basics of Arduino - Introduction, Basics of Circuits, Signals & Electronics, LED Interfacing, Switch, Buzzer, LCD & Bluetooth Communication.
This document provides an overview of an introductory course on Arduino prototyping. The course covers installing the Arduino integrated development environment and drivers, electrical components like resistors and LEDs, basic circuit prototyping using breadboards, and introductory Arduino programming concepts like inputs, outputs, and the setup and loop functions. It also outlines the history and purpose of the Arduino board and describes some common Arduino shields and components used in prototyping.
A ppt explaining Arduino usage and coding too. Arduino is the go-to gear for artists, hobbyists, students, and anyone with a gadgetry dream.
rose out of another formidable challenge: how to teach students to create electronics, fast.
The word “circuit” is derived from the circle. An Electrical Circuit must have a continuous LOOP from Power (Vcc) to Ground (GND).
Continuity is important to make portions of circuits are connect. Continuity is the simplest and possibly the most important setting on your multi-meter. Sometimes we call this “ringing out” a circuit.
Resistance is the measure of how much opposition to current flow is in a circuit.
Components should be removed entirely from the circuit to measure resistance. Note the settings on the multi-meter. Make sure that you are set for the appropriate range.
Current is the measure of the rate of charge flow. For Electrical Engineers – we consider this to be the movement of electrons.
In order to measure this – you must break the circuit or insert the meter in-line (series).
Use the breadboard to wire up a single LED with a 330 Ohm Resistor (Orange-Orange-Brown).
Arduino (/ɑːrˈdwiːnoʊ/) is an Italian open-source hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices. Its hardware products are licensed under a CC BY-SA license, while the software is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public License (GPL),[1] permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available commercially from the official website or through authorized distributors.[2]
Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards ('shields') or breadboards (for prototyping) and other circuits. The boards feature serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models, which are also used for loading programs. The microcontrollers can be programmed using the C and C++ programming languages (Embedded C), using a standard API which is also known as the Arduino Programming Language, inspired by the Processing language and used with a modified version of the Processing IDE. In addition to using traditional compiler toolchains, the Arduino project provides an integrated development environment (IDE) and a command line tool developed in Go.
The Arduino project began in 2005 as a tool for students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea, Italy,[3] aiming to provide a low-cost and easy way for novices and professionals to create devices that interact with their environment using sensors and actuators. Common examples of such devices intended for beginner hobbyists include simple robots, thermostats, and motion detectors.
The document provides an introduction to Arduino, including its history and capabilities. It was created in 2005 in Italy as an open-source hardware platform to make electronics more accessible to students and hobbyists. The Arduino board can read analog and digital input and output signals. It connects to a computer via USB and is programmed using the Arduino IDE. Common commands like digitalWrite(), analogWrite(), and pinMode() are used to control inputs, outputs, and PWM signals. The document includes examples of blinking LEDs, fading LEDs, and reading analog sensor values.
Arduino Workshop Day 1 Slides
Basics of Arduino - Introduction, Basics of Circuits, Signals & Electronics, LED Interfacing, Switch, Buzzer, LCD & Bluetooth Communication.
IRJET- Arduino based Single Phase Fault Detection System using IoTIRJET Journal
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document provides an introduction to Arduino and sensors. It discusses that Arduino was developed for artists and designers to prototype interactive displays using physical computing. It then describes the Arduino Uno board and lists examples of what can be taught using Arduino Uno such as introductory electronics, programming, and designing basic scientific equipment. Finally, it recommends some starter components for projects such as LEDs, LCD screens, temperature sensors, servos, and ultrasonic sensors.
This document presents a mini project on an automatic temperature controlled fan. It includes an introduction, block diagram, components used, power supply details, and an introduction to the microcontroller used - PIC16F72. The system uses an LM35 temperature sensor, PIC microcontroller, DC fan driver circuit, resistors, diodes, capacitors, and voltage regulator. It regulates fan speed automatically based on temperature readings from the LM35 sensor through PWM control of the fan's driver circuit.
chp3-Sensors, Actuators, and Microcontrollerssuser06ea42
This document discusses an Internet of Things course that covers sensors, actuators, and microcontrollers. The course introduces basic and advanced electronics concepts. It describes the SparkFun Inventor's Kit which contains components for building circuits like sensors, microcontrollers, and actuators. Students learn to interface sensors with a microcontroller and program it using the Arduino IDE. Packet Tracer software is presented as a tool for prototyping IoT systems by connecting simulated sensors and devices to a microcontroller board. Labs and activities reinforce the concepts taught in the course.
The document provides instructions for assembling and using the Gigatron TTL microcomputer system, including a list of components, overview of electronic components, assembly instructions, and a user manual. It explains how to build both the computer and a PS/2 adapter using transistor-transistor logic integrated circuits and other basic electronic components. Instructions are included to help readers understand electronics, solder components, test the build, and use the resulting DIY microcomputer.
The document provides an overview of Internet of Things (IoT) basics including various single board computers that can be used to build IoT projects like Raspberry Pi, Arduino, ESP8266, and ATTiny85. It also discusses sensors, displays, motors, software, and trends in IoT. The document encourages starting simple IoT projects, provides examples of home automation and weather station projects, and offers advice for quick starting including recommended suppliers and online resources.
The document provides an overview of various electronics-related topics featured in Elektor Magazine's March/April 2020 issue. It highlights two LoRa radio protocol projects: the Elektor LoRa Node, a versatile and configurable long-range remote control module, and an ESP32-based doorbell that transmits notifications via Telegram. It also mentions a Meadow F7 board for .NET development, reviews of environmental sensor and oscilloscope boards, and upcoming coverage of AI and other technologies at the Embedded World exhibition.
This document describes a dark sensor circuit project. The circuit uses a light dependent resistor (LDR) and transistors to automatically switch lights on when it gets dark and off when it detects light. The components include transistors, resistors, an LED, battery, LDR, and buzzer. When the LDR senses a lack of light, its resistance increases and triggers the transistors to power the LED and buzzer. Applications include automatic street lights, security systems, and screen brightness control. Future work could explore using infrared sensors to detect human movement.
This document provides an overview and summary of an introductory Arduino workshop that teaches the basics of Arduino in 7 hours. The workshop covers getting started with Arduino software and components, electrical concepts like Ohm's Law, programming, serial communication, and virtual prototyping. Key topics include an introduction to the Arduino board, Fritzing software for circuit design, different sensors and components, the differences between analog and digital signals, and using Arduino pins for input and output.
This document provides an overview of an ICT workshop on Arduino hardware platforms. It discusses the key components of a hardware project, including communication modules, microcontrollers, sensors/actuators, and power sources. It then describes the Arduino platform in more detail, including common Arduino boards, specifications of the Arduino Uno, the Arduino IDE, and how to connect Arduino to sensors and actuators. It also provides examples of temperature and other sensors that can be used in Arduino projects.
The document describes the components and workings of a barcode scanner. It explains that a barcode scanner shines a light, like an LED or laser, onto the barcode which is then detected by a photoelectric cell. The cell generates a pattern of pulses corresponding to the black and white stripes of the barcode. An ADC converts the analog pulses into binary digits which are sent to a computer to detect the barcode number. Key components are the light source, photoelectric cell, mainboard with ADC and decoder, microcontroller like Arduino, LCD display, and power source like a battery.
The document describes a circuit project using an LDR (light dependent resistor) on a breadboard that acts as a dark sensor. The circuit uses two transistors, an LED, an LDR, resistors, a battery, and a buzzer. When light falls on the LDR, the LED and buzzer turn off, and when light is blocked from the LDR, the LED glows and buzzer sounds. The document provides details on the components used, breadboard connections, circuit diagrams, and the working of the circuit.
This document is a 37-page student project report on developing a water pump controller with a water level display. It includes sections on the introduction, literature review, proposed system and methodology, results and discussion, and conclusion. The project uses an Arduino board, ultrasonic sensor, LCD display, water pump, and other components to monitor and control the water level in a tank.
This document describes the design and testing of a two station aircraft intercom circuit. The circuit uses a summing amplifier to mix audio inputs from the pilot and co-pilot microphones. An audio amplifier then amplifies the mixed signal for the headsets. A comparator circuit ensures the pilot can hear their own voice by comparing the microphone input to a threshold voltage. The author prototypes the circuit on a breadboard, then builds it on stripboard. Extensive testing of each component and the full circuit is described. The completed intercom unit is installed in an aluminum enclosure with controls.
IRJET - Zigbee based Street Light Control SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a zigbee-based street light control system that uses sensors and wireless communication to automatically control street lights. The system aims to reduce energy waste and maintenance costs by only turning lights on when motion is detected. It uses an Arduino microcontroller, PIR motion sensors, LDR light sensors, LED street lights, transistors, and zigbee modems for wireless communication between lights. When a passerby triggers a PIR sensor, it communicates with nearby lights to illuminate and ensure a safe light circle. This smart lighting system intends to efficiently control street lights based on presence detection while lowering energy consumption and costs compared to traditional static lighting systems.
Interface stepper motor through Arduino using LABVIEW.Ankita Tiwari
The document describes an experiment to interface a stepper motor with Arduino using LabVIEW. It involves establishing a front panel and block diagram in LabVIEW to start communication with Arduino and send new control values or a stop signal. The Arduino code checks for new values from LabVIEW, uses the value as the delay interval between motor steps to control speed, and sends the calculated motor speed to another serial port to confirm it is working. The result is the stepper motor is successfully run by interfacing Arduino with LabVIEW.
This document describes an IOT-based greenhouse monitoring system using Raspberry Pi. The system aims to automatically monitor and control climate parameters like temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and light intensity in a greenhouse. Sensors placed in the greenhouse record this data, which is sent to a Raspberry Pi gateway. If temperature rises too high, fans turn on to cool it down. If soil moisture drops, pumps turn on to add water. Lights also turn on automatically in the absence of sufficient light. The system is meant to overcome the limitations of manual monitoring and improve crop growth and yield for farmers.
The document discusses machine learning and genetic algorithms. It provides definitions of machine learning as the study of processes that lead to self-improvement of machine performance through experience. It also discusses different types of learning including supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. The document then explains genetic algorithms as evolutionary algorithms that use operations like mutation and crossover to evolve solutions to problems over multiple generations.
The document discusses the Clinical Natural Language Processing (cNLP) project. It summarizes the following key points:
1) The cNLP project involves multiple investigators from various institutions with the aim of extracting structured information from unstructured clinical text using natural language processing techniques.
2) In year 1, the project focused on developing gold standard clinical corpora for evaluation and annotation guidelines. Software deliverables included modules for dependency parsing, drug extraction, and smoking status classification.
3) Going forward, the project will focus on relationship extraction, comparative effectiveness research using extracted data, and integrating the resulting natural language processing tool (cTAKES) with other clinical systems and databases.
IRJET- Arduino based Single Phase Fault Detection System using IoTIRJET Journal
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document provides an introduction to Arduino and sensors. It discusses that Arduino was developed for artists and designers to prototype interactive displays using physical computing. It then describes the Arduino Uno board and lists examples of what can be taught using Arduino Uno such as introductory electronics, programming, and designing basic scientific equipment. Finally, it recommends some starter components for projects such as LEDs, LCD screens, temperature sensors, servos, and ultrasonic sensors.
This document presents a mini project on an automatic temperature controlled fan. It includes an introduction, block diagram, components used, power supply details, and an introduction to the microcontroller used - PIC16F72. The system uses an LM35 temperature sensor, PIC microcontroller, DC fan driver circuit, resistors, diodes, capacitors, and voltage regulator. It regulates fan speed automatically based on temperature readings from the LM35 sensor through PWM control of the fan's driver circuit.
chp3-Sensors, Actuators, and Microcontrollerssuser06ea42
This document discusses an Internet of Things course that covers sensors, actuators, and microcontrollers. The course introduces basic and advanced electronics concepts. It describes the SparkFun Inventor's Kit which contains components for building circuits like sensors, microcontrollers, and actuators. Students learn to interface sensors with a microcontroller and program it using the Arduino IDE. Packet Tracer software is presented as a tool for prototyping IoT systems by connecting simulated sensors and devices to a microcontroller board. Labs and activities reinforce the concepts taught in the course.
The document provides instructions for assembling and using the Gigatron TTL microcomputer system, including a list of components, overview of electronic components, assembly instructions, and a user manual. It explains how to build both the computer and a PS/2 adapter using transistor-transistor logic integrated circuits and other basic electronic components. Instructions are included to help readers understand electronics, solder components, test the build, and use the resulting DIY microcomputer.
The document provides an overview of Internet of Things (IoT) basics including various single board computers that can be used to build IoT projects like Raspberry Pi, Arduino, ESP8266, and ATTiny85. It also discusses sensors, displays, motors, software, and trends in IoT. The document encourages starting simple IoT projects, provides examples of home automation and weather station projects, and offers advice for quick starting including recommended suppliers and online resources.
The document provides an overview of various electronics-related topics featured in Elektor Magazine's March/April 2020 issue. It highlights two LoRa radio protocol projects: the Elektor LoRa Node, a versatile and configurable long-range remote control module, and an ESP32-based doorbell that transmits notifications via Telegram. It also mentions a Meadow F7 board for .NET development, reviews of environmental sensor and oscilloscope boards, and upcoming coverage of AI and other technologies at the Embedded World exhibition.
This document describes a dark sensor circuit project. The circuit uses a light dependent resistor (LDR) and transistors to automatically switch lights on when it gets dark and off when it detects light. The components include transistors, resistors, an LED, battery, LDR, and buzzer. When the LDR senses a lack of light, its resistance increases and triggers the transistors to power the LED and buzzer. Applications include automatic street lights, security systems, and screen brightness control. Future work could explore using infrared sensors to detect human movement.
This document provides an overview and summary of an introductory Arduino workshop that teaches the basics of Arduino in 7 hours. The workshop covers getting started with Arduino software and components, electrical concepts like Ohm's Law, programming, serial communication, and virtual prototyping. Key topics include an introduction to the Arduino board, Fritzing software for circuit design, different sensors and components, the differences between analog and digital signals, and using Arduino pins for input and output.
This document provides an overview of an ICT workshop on Arduino hardware platforms. It discusses the key components of a hardware project, including communication modules, microcontrollers, sensors/actuators, and power sources. It then describes the Arduino platform in more detail, including common Arduino boards, specifications of the Arduino Uno, the Arduino IDE, and how to connect Arduino to sensors and actuators. It also provides examples of temperature and other sensors that can be used in Arduino projects.
The document describes the components and workings of a barcode scanner. It explains that a barcode scanner shines a light, like an LED or laser, onto the barcode which is then detected by a photoelectric cell. The cell generates a pattern of pulses corresponding to the black and white stripes of the barcode. An ADC converts the analog pulses into binary digits which are sent to a computer to detect the barcode number. Key components are the light source, photoelectric cell, mainboard with ADC and decoder, microcontroller like Arduino, LCD display, and power source like a battery.
The document describes a circuit project using an LDR (light dependent resistor) on a breadboard that acts as a dark sensor. The circuit uses two transistors, an LED, an LDR, resistors, a battery, and a buzzer. When light falls on the LDR, the LED and buzzer turn off, and when light is blocked from the LDR, the LED glows and buzzer sounds. The document provides details on the components used, breadboard connections, circuit diagrams, and the working of the circuit.
This document is a 37-page student project report on developing a water pump controller with a water level display. It includes sections on the introduction, literature review, proposed system and methodology, results and discussion, and conclusion. The project uses an Arduino board, ultrasonic sensor, LCD display, water pump, and other components to monitor and control the water level in a tank.
This document describes the design and testing of a two station aircraft intercom circuit. The circuit uses a summing amplifier to mix audio inputs from the pilot and co-pilot microphones. An audio amplifier then amplifies the mixed signal for the headsets. A comparator circuit ensures the pilot can hear their own voice by comparing the microphone input to a threshold voltage. The author prototypes the circuit on a breadboard, then builds it on stripboard. Extensive testing of each component and the full circuit is described. The completed intercom unit is installed in an aluminum enclosure with controls.
IRJET - Zigbee based Street Light Control SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a zigbee-based street light control system that uses sensors and wireless communication to automatically control street lights. The system aims to reduce energy waste and maintenance costs by only turning lights on when motion is detected. It uses an Arduino microcontroller, PIR motion sensors, LDR light sensors, LED street lights, transistors, and zigbee modems for wireless communication between lights. When a passerby triggers a PIR sensor, it communicates with nearby lights to illuminate and ensure a safe light circle. This smart lighting system intends to efficiently control street lights based on presence detection while lowering energy consumption and costs compared to traditional static lighting systems.
Interface stepper motor through Arduino using LABVIEW.Ankita Tiwari
The document describes an experiment to interface a stepper motor with Arduino using LabVIEW. It involves establishing a front panel and block diagram in LabVIEW to start communication with Arduino and send new control values or a stop signal. The Arduino code checks for new values from LabVIEW, uses the value as the delay interval between motor steps to control speed, and sends the calculated motor speed to another serial port to confirm it is working. The result is the stepper motor is successfully run by interfacing Arduino with LabVIEW.
This document describes an IOT-based greenhouse monitoring system using Raspberry Pi. The system aims to automatically monitor and control climate parameters like temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and light intensity in a greenhouse. Sensors placed in the greenhouse record this data, which is sent to a Raspberry Pi gateway. If temperature rises too high, fans turn on to cool it down. If soil moisture drops, pumps turn on to add water. Lights also turn on automatically in the absence of sufficient light. The system is meant to overcome the limitations of manual monitoring and improve crop growth and yield for farmers.
The document discusses machine learning and genetic algorithms. It provides definitions of machine learning as the study of processes that lead to self-improvement of machine performance through experience. It also discusses different types of learning including supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. The document then explains genetic algorithms as evolutionary algorithms that use operations like mutation and crossover to evolve solutions to problems over multiple generations.
The document discusses the Clinical Natural Language Processing (cNLP) project. It summarizes the following key points:
1) The cNLP project involves multiple investigators from various institutions with the aim of extracting structured information from unstructured clinical text using natural language processing techniques.
2) In year 1, the project focused on developing gold standard clinical corpora for evaluation and annotation guidelines. Software deliverables included modules for dependency parsing, drug extraction, and smoking status classification.
3) Going forward, the project will focus on relationship extraction, comparative effectiveness research using extracted data, and integrating the resulting natural language processing tool (cTAKES) with other clinical systems and databases.
Using Artificial Intelligence in the field of Diagnostics_Case Studies.pptRohanBorgalli
This document discusses using artificial intelligence in diagnostics. It notes that 2.5 billion gigabytes of data are produced daily, and 80% of the world's population lives in low-income communities. AI shows potential to improve diagnostics by analyzing large amounts of data and enhancing accessibility and accuracy of diagnoses. Examples discussed include using AI to detect diabetic retinopathy from eye scans and to assess risk of major depressive disorder from social media posts. Overall, the document examines how AI models can be developed and improved to better serve global healthcare needs.
This document discusses key concepts of software architecture. It makes three main points:
1) Architecture is not just a phase of development but rather is fundamental to software. Every application has an architecture and architect.
2) Considering architecture throughout the development lifecycle leads to better requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, and evolution.
3) The "Turbine Model" visualizes development activities over time to show how architecture can be central to the process.
The document discusses the envisioned development of automated vehicle technology from 2020 to 2050. It outlines that by 2020, vehicles may have limited self-driving capabilities (Level 3 automation), major automakers are developing key self-driving technologies, and concepts show interior transformations as vehicles take over driving tasks. By 2030, vehicles may have full self-driving capabilities (Level 4 automation). By 2050, nearly all vehicles are expected to have full self-driving automation and it will be a standard feature in new vehicles. The document also includes a glossary defining technologies involved in automated driving like LIDAR, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, and vehicle platooning.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. It states that regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help alleviate symptoms of mental illness.
PCA is a dimensionality reduction technique that uses linear transformations to project high-dimensional data onto a lower-dimensional space while retaining as much information as possible. It works by identifying patterns in data and expressing the data in such a way as to highlight their similarities and differences. Specifically, PCA uses linear combinations of the original variables to extract the most important patterns from the data in the form of principal components. The first principal component accounts for as much of the variability in the data as possible, and each succeeding component accounts for as much of the remaining variability as possible.
This document provides an overview of Rob Parker's upcoming presentation on telecommunications. The presentation will cover:
1) The history of telecommunications, from physical delivery methods to early electrical systems like the telegraph.
2) Present and future fixed (cabled) and mobile (wireless) telecommunication systems.
3) Applications of present and future telecommunications technologies.
4) Parker's personal view of where telecommunications will be in 10 years.
The presentation aims to educate attendees on the evolution of telecommunications and new technical developments, and spark debate about emerging technologies.
This document discusses factor analysis, including:
- Factor analysis is used for data reduction, scale development, and assessing dimensionality. It identifies underlying factors or dimensions from a set of interrelated variables.
- The key steps in factor analysis are computing a correlation matrix, extracting factors using methods like principal component analysis, rotating factors, and determining the optimal number of factors.
- The document provides guidance on interpreting factor analysis results and deciding how many factors best represent the data.
The document provides an introduction to time series analysis and forecasting using KNIME. It discusses key concepts in time series such as trend, seasonality, cycles and residuals. It also presents examples of time series data and applications of time series analysis. The task is to analyze electricity consumption time series data from Ireland to predict hourly consumption. Techniques like clustering, ARIMA and neural networks will be applied to generate forecasts.
The document summarizes several papers on image captioning using neural networks. It describes Karpathy and Fei-Fei (2015), which obtains image and sentence embeddings, trains them to align image patches with words, and uses an RNN to map image fragments to phrases. It also discusses Vinyals et al (2015) and Mao et al (2015), noting common themes of joint embedding spaces and differences in image processing, inputs to RNNs, and recurrence types. Evaluation metrics like R@K and Med r are also introduced.
Neural Network Activation Functions
Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan’s
Sardar Patel Institute of Technology,
Munshi Nagar, Andheri (w) Mumbai.
Neural Network Activation Functions
AICTE Sponsored Two Week FDP on
“Insights into Intelligent Automation
Machine Learning and Data science”
19th Oct to 31st Oct 2020
By
Dhananjay Kalbande
Professor, Computer
Engineering,S.P.I.T. Mumba
This document provides an overview of topics to be covered in R Programming including variables, data types, data import/export, logical statements, loops, functions, data plotting and visualization, and basic statistical functions and packages. It then goes on to introduce R, explaining that it is a programming language for statistical analysis and graphical display. It discusses why R is useful for data analysis and exploration due to its large collection of tools, ability to handle big data, and open source community support. The document also covers installing R and RStudio, defining variables, common data types like vectors, matrices, arrays, lists and data frames, and basic operations and control structures like if/else statements and loops.
This document provides an introduction to machine learning and artificial intelligence. It discusses the types of machine learning tasks including supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. It also summarizes commonly used machine learning algorithms and frameworks. Examples are given of applying machine learning to tasks like image classification, sentiment analysis, and handwritten digit recognition. Issues that can cause machine learning projects to fail are identified and approaches to addressing different machine learning problems are outlined.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
1. Intro to Arduino
Zero to Prototyping
in a Flash!
Material designed by Linz Craig, Nick Poole, Prashanta Aryal,
Theo Simpson, Tai Johnson, and Eli Santistevan
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Overview of Class
Getting Started:
Installation, Applications and Materials
Electrical:
Components, Ohm's Law, Input and Output, Analog and Digital
-----------------------------
Programming:
Split into groups depending on experience
Serial Communication Basics:
Troubleshooting and Debugging
Virtual Prototyping:
Schematics and PCB Layout in Fritzing
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Arduino Board
“Strong Friend” Created in Ivrea, Italy
in 2005 by Massimo Banzi & David Cuartielles
Open Source Hardware
Processor
Coding is accessible & transferrable (C++, Processing, java)
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Arduino…
is the go-to gear for artists, hobbyists,
students, and anyone with a gadgetry
dream.
rose out of another formidable challenge:
how to teach students to create
electronics, fast.
http://spectrum.ieee.org/geek-life/hands-on/the-making-of-arduino
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Getting Started
• SW Installation: Arduino (v.1.0+)
Fritzing
SIK Guide Code
Drivers (FTDI)
• Materials: SIK Guide
Analog I/O, Digital I/O, Serial,
& Fritzing handouts
Arduino CheatSheet
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Analog
INPUTS
Digital IO
PWM(3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11)
PWR IN USB
(to Computer)
SCLSDA
(I2C Bus)
POWER
5V / 3.3V / GND
RESET
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Analog
INPUTS
Digital IO
PWM(3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11)
PWR IN USB
(to Computer)
SCLSDA
(I2C Bus)
POWER
5V / 3.3V / GND
RESET
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Go ahead and plug your board in!
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Arduino Shields
PCB Built Shield Inserted Shield
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Arduino Shields
Micro SD MP3 Trigger LCD
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SIK Components
Push Button Digital Input Switch - Closes
or opens circuit
Polarized, needs
resistor
Trim
potentiometer
Analog Input Variable resistor Also called a
Trimpot.
Photoresistor Analog Input Light Dependent
Resistor (LDR)
Resistance varies
with light.
Relay Digital Output Switch driven by
a small signal
Used to control
larger voltages
Temp Sensor Analog Input Temp Dependent
Resistor
Flex Sensor Analog Input Variable resistor
Soft Trimpot Analog Input Variable resistor Careful of shorts
RGB LED Dig & Analog
Output
16,777,216
different colors
Ooh... So pretty.
Name Image Type Function Notes
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SIK Components
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SIK Components
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SIK Components
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Electricity Electronics Basic Concept
Review
• Ohms Law
• Voltage
• Current
• Resistance
• Using a Multi-meter
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Ohm’s Law
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Electrical Properties
Voltage
V
• Defined as
the amount
of potential
energy in a
circuit.
• Units: Volts (V)
Current
I
• The rate of
charge flow
in a circuit.
• Units: Amperes
(A)
Resistance
R
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Current Flow Analogy
High Current Low Current
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Water
Tower
Voltage Analogy
More Energy == Higher Voltage Less Energy == Lower Voltage
V
Water
Tower
V
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Resistance Analogy
Big Pipe == Lower Resistance Small Pipe == Higher Resistance
Water
Tower
Water
Tower
V
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Continuity – Is it a Circuit?
The word “circuit” is derived from the circle. An
Electrical Circuit must have a continuous LOOP from
Power (Vcc) to Ground (GND).
Continuity is important to make portions of circuits are
connect. Continuity is the simplest and possibly the
most important setting on your multi-meter.
Sometimes we call this “ringing out” a circuit.
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Measuring Electricity – Voltage
Voltage is a measure of potential electrical
energy. A voltage is also called a potential
difference – it is measured between two
points in a circuit – across a device.
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Measuring Electricity -- Current
Current is the measure of the rate of charge flow. For
Electrical Engineers – we consider this to be the
movement of electrons.
In order to measure this – you must break the circuit or
insert the meter in-line (series).
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Measuring Electricity -- Resistance
Resistance is the measure of how much opposition to
current flow is in a circuit.
Components should be removed entirely from the circuit
to measure resistance. Note the settings on the multi-
meter. Make sure that you are set for the appropriate
range.
Resistance
settings
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Prototyping Circuits
Solderless Breadboard
One of the most useful tools in an engineer or
Maker’s toolkit. The three most important
things:
• A breadboard is easier than soldering
• A lot of those little holes are connected, which ones?
• Sometimes breadboards break
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What’s a Breadboard?
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Solderless Breadboard
Each row (horiz.) of 5
holes are connected.
Vertical columns –
called power bus are
connected vertically
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Using the Breadboard to built a simple
circuit
Use the breadboard to
wire up a single LED
with a 330 Ohm
Resistor (Orange-
Orange-Brown).
Note: the longer leg on the
LED is the positive leg and
the shorter leg is the
negative
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Fritzing View of Breadboard Circuit
What happens
when you break
the circuit?
What if you
wanted to add
more than one
LED?
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Adding control – let’s use the Arduino
and start programming!!!
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Concepts: INPUT vs. OUTPUT
Referenced from the perspective of the microcontroller (electrical board).
Inputs is a signal / information
going into the board.
Output is any signal exiting the
board.
Almost all systems that use physical computing will have
some form of output
What are some examples of Outputs?
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Concepts: INPUT vs. OUTPUT
Referenced from the perspective of the microcontroller (electrical board).
Inputs is a signal / information
going into the board.
Output is any signal exiting the
board.
Examples: Buttons Switches,
Light Sensors, Flex Sensors,
Humidity Sensors, Temperature
Sensors…
Examples: LEDs, DC motor,
servo motor, a piezo buzzer,
relay, an RGB LED
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Concepts: Analog vs. Digital
Microcontrollers are digital devices – ON or OFF.
Also called – discrete.
analog signals are anything that can be a full
range of values. What are some examples? More
on this later…
5 V
0 V
5 V
0 V
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Open up Arduino
Hints:
For PC Users
1.Let the installer copy
and move the files to the
appropriate locations, or
2.Create a folder under
C:Program Files (x86)
called Arduino. Move the
entire Arduino program
folder here.
For Mac Users
1. Move the Arduino
executable to the dock
for ease of access.
2. Resist the temptation
to run these from your
desktop.
36. Arduino
Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
Two required functions /
methods / routines:
void setup()
{
// runs once
}
void loop()
{
// repeats
}
error & status messages
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Settings: Tools Serial Port
Your computer
communicates to the Arduino
microcontroller via a serial
port through a USB-Serial
adapter.
Check to make sure that the
drivers are properly installed.
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Settings: Tools Board
Next, double-check that the proper board is selected under the
ToolsBoard menu.
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Arduino & Arduino Compatible Boards
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digitalWrite()
analogWrite()
digitalRead()
if() statements / Boolean
analogRead()
Serial communication
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BIG
6
CONCEPTS
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Let’s get to coding…
Project #1 – Blink
“Hello World” of Physical Computing
Psuedo-code – how should this work?
Turn
LED ON
Wait
Turn
LED
OFF
Wait
Rinse &
Repeat
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Comments, Comments, Comments
Comments are for you – the programmer and your
friends…or anyone else human that might read your
code.
// this is for single line comments
// it’s good to put a description at the
top and before anything ‘tricky’
/* this is for multi-line comments
Like this…
And this….
*/
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comments
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Three commands to know…
pinMode(pin, INPUT/OUTPUT);
ex: pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(pin, HIGH/LOW);
ex: digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
delay(time_ms);
ex: delay(2500); // delay of 2.5 sec.
// NOTE: -> commands are CASE-sensitive
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Project #1: Wiring Diagram
Move the green
wire from the
power bus to pin
13 (or any other
Digital I/O pin on
the Arduino board.
Image created in Fritzing
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A few simple challenges
Let’s make LED#13 blink!
Challenge 1a – blink with a 200 ms second
interval.
Challenge 1b – blink to mimic a heartbeat
Challenge 1c – find the fastest blink that the
human eye can still detect…
1 ms delay? 2 ms delay? 3 ms delay???
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Try adding other LEDs
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Programming Concepts: Variables
Variable Scope
Global
---
Function-level
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Programming Concepts: Variable Types
Variable Types:
8 bits 16 bits 32 bits
byte
char
int
unsigned int
long
unsigned long
float
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Fading in and Fading Out
(Analog or Digital?)
A few pins on the Arduino allow for us to
modify the output to mimic an analog
signal.
This is done by a technique called:
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
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Concepts: Analog vs. Digital
To create an analog signal, the microcontroller
uses a technique called PWM. By varying the duty
cycle, we can mimic an “average” analog voltage.
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
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analogWrite(pin, val);
pin – refers to the OUTPUT pin
(limited to pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11.)
– denoted by a ~ symbol
val – 8 bit value (0 – 255).
0 => 0V | 255 => 5V
Project #2 – Fading
Introducing a new command…
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Move one of your LED pins over to Pin 9
In Arduino, open up:
File Examples 01.Basics Fade
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Fade - Code Review
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Fade - Code Review
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Project# 2 -- Fading
Challenge 2a – Change the rate of the
fading in and out. There are at least two
different ways to do this – can you figure
them out?
Challenge 2b – Use 2 (or more) LEDs – so
that one fades in as the other one fades
out.
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Color Mixing
Tri-color LED
In the SIK, this is a standard –
Common Cathode LED
This means the negative side of
the LED is all tied to Ground.
R G B
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Project 3 – RGB LED
Note: The longest
leg of the RGB
LED is the
Common
Cathode. This
goes to GND.
Use pins 5, 6, & 9
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How many unique colors can you create?
Use Colorpicker.com or
experiment on your
own.
Pick out a few colors that
you want to try re-
creating for a lamp or
lighting display...
Play around with this with
the analogWrite()
command.
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RGB LED Color Mixing
int redPin = 5;
int greenPin = 6;
int bluePin = 9;
void setup()
{
pinMode(redPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(greenPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(bluePin, OUTPUT);
}
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RGB LED Color Mixing
void loop()
{
analogWrite(redPin, 255);
analogWrite (greenPin, 255);
analogWrite (bluePin, 255);
}
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Project: Mood Lamp / Light Sculpture
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Napkin
Schematics
Emphasize the
engineering design
process with
students. We like to
skirt the line
between formal and
informal with a tool
called Napkin
Schematics.
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Napkin
Schematics
Emphasize the
engineering design
process with
students. We like to
skirt the line
between formal and
informal with a tool
called Napkin
Schematics.
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Driving Motors or other High Current
Loads
NPN Transistor (Common Emitter “Amplifier” Circuit)
to Digital
Pin 9
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Input
Input is any signal entering an electrical system.
• Both digital and analog sensors are forms of input
• Input can also take many other forms: Keyboards, a
mouse, infrared sensors, biometric sensors, or just
plain voltage from a circuit
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Project #4 – Digital Input
In Arduino, open up:
File Examples 02.Digital Button
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Digital Sensors (a.k.a. Switches)
Pull-up Resistor (circuit)
to Digital Pin 2
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Digital Sensors (a.k.a. Switches)
Add an indicator LED to Pin 13
This is just like our
1st circuit!
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Digital Input
• Connect digital input to your Arduino using Pins # 0 – 13
(Although pins # 0 & 1 are also used for programming)
• Digital Input needs a pinMode command:
pinMode (pinNumber, INPUT);
Make sure to use ALL CAPS for INPUT
• To get a digital reading:
int buttonState = digitalRead (pinNumber);
• Digital Input values are only HIGH (On) or LOW (Off)
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Digital Sensors
• Digital sensors are more straight forward than Analog
• No matter what the sensor there are only two
settings: On and Off
• Signal is always either HIGH (On) or LOW (Off)
• Voltage signal for HIGH will be a little less than 5V on
your Uno
• Voltage signal for LOW will be 0V on most systems
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http://opensourcehardwarejunkies.com/tutorial-03-digitalread-and-
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Programming: Conditional Statements
if()
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void loop()
{
int buttonState = digitalRead(5);
if(buttonState == LOW)
{ // do something
}
else
{ // do something else
}
}
Programming: Conditional Statements
if()
DIG
INPUT
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Boolean Operators
<Boolean> Description
( ) == ( ) is equal?
( ) != ( ) is not equal?
( ) > ( ) greater than
( ) >= ( ) greater than or equal
( ) < ( ) less than
( ) <= ( ) less than or equal
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Trimpot (Potentiometer)
Variable Resistor
wiper
fixed
end
fixed
end
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Analog Sensors
3 Pin Potentiometer = var. resistor (circuit)
a.k.a. Voltage Divider Circuit
1.0 V 1.0 V
wiper
fixed
ends
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Ohms Law… (just the basics)
Actually, this is the “voltage divider”
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analogRead()
Arduino uses a 10-bit A/D Converter:
• this means that you get input values from
0 to 1023
• 0 V 0
• 5 V 1023
Ex:
int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);
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Using Serial Communication
Method used to transfer data between two devices.
Arduino dedicates Digital I/O pin # 0 to
receiving and Digital I/O pin #1 to transmit.
Data passes between the computer and Arduino
through the USB cable. Data is transmitted as zeros
(‘0’) and ones (‘1’) sequentially.
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Serial Monitor & analogRead()
Initializes the Serial
Communication
9600 baud data rate
prints data to serial bus
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Serial Monitor & analogRead()
Opens up a
Serial Terminal
Window
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Analog Sensors
2 Pin Analog Sensors = var. resistor
Take two sensors -- Use
the Serial Monitor and find
the range of input values
you get for each sensor.
MaxAnalogRead = _________
MinAnalogRead = _________
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Analog Sensors
Examples:
Sensors Variables
Mic soundVolume
Photoresistor lightLevel
Potentiometer dialPosition
Temp Sensor temperature
Flex Sensor bend
Accelerometer tilt/acceleration
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Additional Serial Communication
Sending a Message
void loop ( )
{
Serial.print(“Hands on “) ;
Serial.print(“Learning ”) ;
Serial.println(“is Fun!!!”) ;
}
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Serial Communication:
Serial Debugging
void loop()
{
int xVar = 10;
Serial.print ( “Variable xVar is “ ) ;
Serial.println ( xVar ) ;
}
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Serial Communication:
Serial Troubleshooting
void loop ( )
{
Serial.print (“Digital pin 9: “);
Serial.println (digitalRead(9));
}
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Virtual Electrical Prototyping Project
started in 2007 by the Interaction Design Lab
at the University of Applied Science Potsdam, Germany
Open Source
Prototypes: Document, Share, Teach, Manufacture
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Now that you feel comfortable putting together
circuits with your breadboard let’s talk about how
to go from the breadboard to a PCB
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Free Time
The rest of the class is dedicated to free pursuit
Experiment with the various circuits and lessons in
the SIK.
Explore the additional tutorials available on
learn.sparkfun.com
Thank you for attending our Intro to Arduino class
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Questions?
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www.sparkfun.com
6175 Longbow Drive, Suite 200
Boulder, Colorado 80301