Embedded unit ii

1. EMBEDDED
SYSTEMS
UNIT II
EMBEDDED
HARDWAREDESIGN
By
Y. Naveen Kumar

2. Contents
2
1. Analog and Digital Electronic
Components
2. I/O types and examples
3. Serial Communication devices
4. Parallel device ports
5. Wireless devices
6. Timer and Counting Devices
7. Watchdog timer
8. Real time clock

3. Analog Components
Resistor
• Resistors As electrons travel through wires, components, or
accidentally through a poor soul’s body, they encounter
resistance, which is the tendency of the conductor to limit
electron fl ow. A vacuum is a perfect resistor: no current fl
ows through it. Air’s pretty close, but since water is a decent
conductor, humidity does allow some electricity to fl ow in air.

4. Capacitor
• A capacitor is a device that stores electrical
energy in an electric field. It is a passive
electronic component with two terminals. The
effect of a capacitor is known as capacitance.

5. Diode
• A diode is a two-terminal electronic
component that conducts current primarily in
one direction; it has low resistance in one
direction, and high resistance in the other

6. Inductors
• An inductor, also called a coil, choke, or
reactor, is a passive two-terminal electrical
component that stores energy in a magnetic
field when electric current flows through it. An
inductor typically consists of an insulated wire
wound into a coil around a core.

7. Operational Amplifier
• An operational amplifier is a DC-coupled high-
gain electronic voltage amplifier with a
differential input and, usually, a single-ended
output.

8. Transistor
• A transistor is a semiconductor device used to
amplify or switch electronic signals and
electrical power. It is composed of
semiconductor material usually with at least
three terminals for connection to an external
circuit.

9. Digital Electronic Components
Logic gates
A logic gate is an idealized or physical electronic
device implementing a Boolean function, a
logical operation performed on one or more
binary inputs that produces a single binary
output

10. Buffer IC
•
Practical Buffer IC Circuits. Digital buffer
ICs have two main purposes: to act either as
simple non-inverting, current-boosting
interfaces between one part of a circuit and
another, or to act as three-state switching
units that can be used to connect a circuit's
outputs to a load, only when required.

11. Latches
• In electronics, a flip-flop or latch is a circuit
that has two stable states and can be used to
store state information – a bistable
multivibrator. The circuit can be made to
change state by signals applied to one or more
control inputs and will have one or two
outputs.

12. Encoder and Decoder
• Binary code of N digits can be used to store
2N distinct elements of coded information.
This is what encoders and decoders are used
for. Encoders convert 2N lines of input into a
code of N bits and Decoders decode the N bits
into 2N lines.

13. Multiplexer
In electronics, a multiplexer, also known as a
data selector, is a device that selects between
several analog or digital input signals and
forwards it to a single output line. A
multiplexer of inputs has select lines, which
are used to select which input line to send to
the output

14. De Multiplexer
•
A demultiplexer (or demux) is a device that takes a single
input line and routes it to one of several digital output lines.
A demultiplexer of 2n outputs has n select lines, which are
used to select which output line to send the input.
A demultiplexer is also called a data distributor

15. Assignment
1. Explain about Analog and digital components
of an Embedded Systems.