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INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY -SARASWATHI RAMALINGAMSaraswathiRamalingam
Introduction to Computers,Definition , Characteristics of a Computer , Classification of Computers ,Basic Anatomy of the Computer , Applications / Uses of Computers in different fields,Iintroduction to information technology,nme,thiruvalluvar university,nme syllabus,introduction of computer,computer basics
computer is a calculating machine which is used to perform arithmetic and logical operation at a high speed.
A computer is an electronic device that can accept, store and process information to produce the required result.
Therefore, we can define computer as a device that transforms data. Data can be
anything like marks obtained by you in various subjects. It can also be name, age, sex,
weight, height, etc. of all the students in your class or income, savings, investments, etc.,
of a country.
Computer is a device that can solve any mathematical operation and it
operates on information or data.
Computer can be defined in terms of its functions. It can (i) accept data
(ii) store data, (iii) process data as desired, (iv) retrieve the stored data
as and when required and (v) print the result in desired format.
Computer
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules, produce information (output), and store the information for future use.
“A computer is an electronic machine that accepts information, stores it until the information is needed, processes the information according to the instructions provided by the user, and finally returns the results to the user. The computer can store and manipulate large quantities of data at very high speed, but a computer cannot think. A computer makes decisions based on simple comparisons such as one number being larger than another. Although the computer can help solve a tremendous variety of problems, it is simply a machine. It cannot solve problems on its own”.
Characteristics / Features of computer
1: High speed: Computers have the ability to perform routine tasks at a greater speed than human beings. They can perform millions of calculations in seconds.
2. Accuracy : Computers are used to perform tasks in a way that ensures accuracy.
3. Storage : Computers can store large amount of information. Any item of data or any instruction stored in the memory can be retrieved by the computer at lightning speeds.
4. Automation : Computers can be instructed to perform complex tasks automatically ( which increases the productivity).
5. Diligence : Computers can perform the same task repeatedly & with the same accuracy without getting tired.
6. Versatility : Computers are flexible to perform both simple and complex tasks.
7. Cost effectiveness: Computers reduce the amount of paper work and human effort, thereby reducing costs.
1st generation of computers (Based on Vacuum tubes)
2nd generation of computers (Based on Transistors)
3rd generation of computers (Based on Integrated circuits ICs)
4th generation of computers (Based on Microprocessors)
5th generation of computers (Based on Artificial Intelligence)
Fabric design pattern feeding through human machine interface (hmi) for an el...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This work mainly focused on improving performance of a semi-automated weaving loom by replacing conventional cylinder with
solenoid array. A human machine interface (HMI) based system is introduced to ensure design edit on loom without the help of
personal computer (PC). Solenoid arrays are controlled by a HMI and a simple microcontroller instead of PC. The technology
behinds the viewable and editable designs of human machine interface without personal computer are explained. Design patterns
are stored in either SD card or USB memory device in the format of bitmap. All hardware models are simulated and verified
forsemi-automated conventional weaving loom.
Key Words: HMI, Microcontroller, Card, Electronic Jacquard, Solenoid Array, Semi Automated Loom, Fabric Design.
Classification of Computers ; Computers Impact on SocietyMDAZIZULHAKIMSHIAM
In this slide, I have discussed about the classifications of computer such as digital computer, analog computer, hybrid computer. And I have also discussed about the impact of computer on our society.
Vskills certified computer fundamentals ms office professional sample materialVskills
COMPUTER APPRECIATION
Introduction - What is Computer?
Characteristics of computer
Generation of computers
Classification of Computers
Applications of Computer
Commonly Used Computer Terms
Basic Operations of a Computer – Input, Process and Output
Units of a computer system
Representation of information
Input Devices
Output Devices
Storage Devices
Types of Software
Disk Organization
Operating System
Get complete details on the given Link:
http://www.vskills.in/certification/information-technology/Certified-computer-fundamentals-ms-office-professional-vs-1021
Management Information System (mis)- unit-3Manoj Kumar
This PPT is prepared for students and other professionals regarding Management Information System (MIS) subject as lecture notes.This PPT aims to help students to recognize, specify and communicate effectively to data processing personnel to about information system. It also helps students to interpret new developments in information technology and fit into an overall framework. OTHER TOPICS ARE DISCUSSED IN THE CONSECUTIVE PPTs
INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY -SARASWATHI RAMALINGAMSaraswathiRamalingam
Introduction to Computers,Definition , Characteristics of a Computer , Classification of Computers ,Basic Anatomy of the Computer , Applications / Uses of Computers in different fields,Iintroduction to information technology,nme,thiruvalluvar university,nme syllabus,introduction of computer,computer basics
computer is a calculating machine which is used to perform arithmetic and logical operation at a high speed.
A computer is an electronic device that can accept, store and process information to produce the required result.
Therefore, we can define computer as a device that transforms data. Data can be
anything like marks obtained by you in various subjects. It can also be name, age, sex,
weight, height, etc. of all the students in your class or income, savings, investments, etc.,
of a country.
Computer is a device that can solve any mathematical operation and it
operates on information or data.
Computer can be defined in terms of its functions. It can (i) accept data
(ii) store data, (iii) process data as desired, (iv) retrieve the stored data
as and when required and (v) print the result in desired format.
Computer
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules, produce information (output), and store the information for future use.
“A computer is an electronic machine that accepts information, stores it until the information is needed, processes the information according to the instructions provided by the user, and finally returns the results to the user. The computer can store and manipulate large quantities of data at very high speed, but a computer cannot think. A computer makes decisions based on simple comparisons such as one number being larger than another. Although the computer can help solve a tremendous variety of problems, it is simply a machine. It cannot solve problems on its own”.
Characteristics / Features of computer
1: High speed: Computers have the ability to perform routine tasks at a greater speed than human beings. They can perform millions of calculations in seconds.
2. Accuracy : Computers are used to perform tasks in a way that ensures accuracy.
3. Storage : Computers can store large amount of information. Any item of data or any instruction stored in the memory can be retrieved by the computer at lightning speeds.
4. Automation : Computers can be instructed to perform complex tasks automatically ( which increases the productivity).
5. Diligence : Computers can perform the same task repeatedly & with the same accuracy without getting tired.
6. Versatility : Computers are flexible to perform both simple and complex tasks.
7. Cost effectiveness: Computers reduce the amount of paper work and human effort, thereby reducing costs.
1st generation of computers (Based on Vacuum tubes)
2nd generation of computers (Based on Transistors)
3rd generation of computers (Based on Integrated circuits ICs)
4th generation of computers (Based on Microprocessors)
5th generation of computers (Based on Artificial Intelligence)
Fabric design pattern feeding through human machine interface (hmi) for an el...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This work mainly focused on improving performance of a semi-automated weaving loom by replacing conventional cylinder with
solenoid array. A human machine interface (HMI) based system is introduced to ensure design edit on loom without the help of
personal computer (PC). Solenoid arrays are controlled by a HMI and a simple microcontroller instead of PC. The technology
behinds the viewable and editable designs of human machine interface without personal computer are explained. Design patterns
are stored in either SD card or USB memory device in the format of bitmap. All hardware models are simulated and verified
forsemi-automated conventional weaving loom.
Key Words: HMI, Microcontroller, Card, Electronic Jacquard, Solenoid Array, Semi Automated Loom, Fabric Design.
Classification of Computers ; Computers Impact on SocietyMDAZIZULHAKIMSHIAM
In this slide, I have discussed about the classifications of computer such as digital computer, analog computer, hybrid computer. And I have also discussed about the impact of computer on our society.
Vskills certified computer fundamentals ms office professional sample materialVskills
COMPUTER APPRECIATION
Introduction - What is Computer?
Characteristics of computer
Generation of computers
Classification of Computers
Applications of Computer
Commonly Used Computer Terms
Basic Operations of a Computer – Input, Process and Output
Units of a computer system
Representation of information
Input Devices
Output Devices
Storage Devices
Types of Software
Disk Organization
Operating System
Get complete details on the given Link:
http://www.vskills.in/certification/information-technology/Certified-computer-fundamentals-ms-office-professional-vs-1021
Management Information System (mis)- unit-3Manoj Kumar
This PPT is prepared for students and other professionals regarding Management Information System (MIS) subject as lecture notes.This PPT aims to help students to recognize, specify and communicate effectively to data processing personnel to about information system. It also helps students to interpret new developments in information technology and fit into an overall framework. OTHER TOPICS ARE DISCUSSED IN THE CONSECUTIVE PPTs
Training report on Embedded Systems and MATLABAswin Sreeraj
An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded systems control many devices in common use today.
MATLAB (matrix laboratory) is a multi-paradigm numerical computing environment and fourth-generation programming language.
DESIGN AND EXECUTION OF A 3D PRINTER USING A PLA FILAMENT AS A NEW APPLICATIO...IAEME Publication
3D printing by using PLA filament used to quickly transform an idea into a physical object with clean process and highly automated. A complete model can create in a single process using 3D printing. The basic principles include flexibility of output, and translation of code into a visible pattern. 3D printing by using PLA filament can print most components depending on FFF technique. 3D printing is a form of additive manufacturing technology where a three dimensional object is
created by laying down successive layers of material.
Experimental Validation of 3-D Printed BoltsIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: 3-D printing, which is an automated production process with layer-by-layer control, has been gaining rapid development in recent years. 3-D printing is the process by which a 3-D digital design is converted into a component by depositing material using additive processing. Three dimensional (3D) printing offers versatile possibilities for adapting the structural parameters on engineering scaffolds. These three dimensional elements were produced from Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) and Acrylonitrile butadiene Styrene (ABS)by means of fused deposition process. This work is initiated by designing a three dimensional model of an ISO standard bolt and creating a 3D printing of this model using PLA and ABS as material. Designing will be carried out using SOLIDWORKS. Later on the design is analysed on analysis software (ANSYS) for deformation, equivalent stress and shear stress. A prototype model of this bolt will be created using three dimensional printer. Shear test is performed using UTM on the bolts that are created using three dimensional printer. Each bolt material’s failure forces are noted down and shear stresses are calculated. The PLA and ABS bolts are compared with each other. They are also checked for safe limits by comparing them with their respective material properties.
In this presentation, Agastya introduces the topic of automation and associated trends. Agastya's interest lies in developing automation systems to aid the programming community whereby less of their time goes in testing and more of it goes in designing products and platforms.
For 6th to 9th Grade students, a powerpoint presentation on the topic "Convergence and Computing Technology".
Subject: Information Technology / Computer Science.
That's all folks, see ya :)
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...
3d printer for future @1000KV Technologies 9030844877
1. Page 1572
Advanced 3d-Printer for Future
Kartheek Kandhi
Research columnist and Founder and
CEO of 1000KV Technologies
Ameerpet, Hyderabad.
ABSTRACT:The aim of this project is designing and
implementation of 3D printing designs using X, Y, Z
axis CNC machine by using designed input data. The
application of science to technology is very evident in
this laboratory activity. This session will demonstrate
how the application of technological advances can
affect us, using the excitement of creating and
designed 3-dimensional objects.
Keyword: 3D Printer, CNC, thread
mechanism,screwing mechanism, 3d object, slicer,
pronterface, CAD design, stl 3d files,Y-axis assembly,
X-axis assembly, Z-axis assembly, stepper motor,
heated bed assembly, extruder, 1000kv technologies,
kartheekkandhi.
INTRODUCTION
3D printing or additive manufacturing, AM is any of
various processes used to make a three-
dimensional object. In 3D printing, additive processes
are used, in which successive layers of material are
laid down under computer control.[2]
These objects can
be of almost any shape or geometry, and are produced
from a 3D model or other electronic data source. A 3D
printer is a type of industrial robot. The term 3D
printing originally referred to a process employing
standard and custom inkjet print heads. The
technology used by most 3D printers to date especially
hobbyist and consumer-oriented models is fused
deposition modeling, a special application of plastic
extrusion.
3D printing in the term's original sense refers to
processes that sequentially deposit material onto a
powder bed with inkjet printer heads. More recently
the meaning of the term has expanded to encompass a
wider variety of techniques such as
extrusion and sintering based processes. Technical
2. Page 1573
standards generally use the term additive
manufacturing for this broader sense.
The aim of this project is designing and
implementation of 3D printing designs using X, Y, Z
axis CNC machine by using designed input data. The
application of science to technology is very evident in
this laboratory activity that students Report as one of
the highlights of their school year. This session will
demonstrate how the application of technological
advances can affect us, using the excitement of
creating student-designed 3-dimensional objects
BLOCK DIAGRAM
A simple staging device can be created to greatly
simplify the process of creating a 3 -D printer in the
classroom. This lab integrates engineering with
chemistry for an interdisciplinary activity and is based
on research being conducted at the University of
Illinois in which this process is being used to create
very small objects.
BACKGROUND EMBEDDED
An embedded system is a combination of software and
hardware to perform a dedicated task. Some of the
main devices used in embedded products are
Microprocessors and Microcontrollers.
Microprocessors are commonly referred to as general
purpose processors as they simply accept the inputs,
process it and give the output. In contrast, a
microcontroller not only accepts the data as inputs but
also manipulates it, interfaces the data with various
devices, controls the data and thus finally gives the
result.
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM
An Embedded System is a combination of computer
hardware and software, and perhaps additional
mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a
specific function. A good example is the microwave
oven. Almost every household has one, and tens of
millions of them are used every day, but very few
people realize that a processor and software are
involved in the preparation of their lunch or dinner.
This is in direct contrast to the personal computer in
the family room. It too is comprised of computer
hardware and software and mechanical components
(disk drives, for example). However, a personal
computer is not designed to perform a specific
function rather; it is able to do many different things.
Many people use the term general-purpose computer to
make this distinction clear. As shipped, a general-
purpose computer is a blank slate; the manufacturer
does not know what the customer will do wish it. One
customer may use it for a network file server another
may use it exclusively for playing games, and a third
may use it to write the next great American novel.
3. Page 1574
Frequently, an embedded system is a component
within some larger system. For example, modern cars
and trucks contain many embedded systems. One
embedded system controls the anti-lock brakes, other
monitors and controls the vehicle's emissions, and a
third displays information on the dashboard. In some
cases, these embedded systems are connected by some
sort of a communication network, but that is certainly
not a requirement.
At the possible risk of confusing you, it is important to
point out that a general-purpose computer is itself
made up of numerous embedded systems. For
example, my computer consists of a keyboard, mouse,
video card, modem, hard drive, floppy drive, and
sound card-each of which is an embedded system.
Each of these devices contains a processor and
software and is designed to perform a specific
function. For example, the modem is designed to send
and receive digital data over analog telephone line.
That's it and all of the other devices can be
summarized in a single sentence as well.
If an embedded system is designed well, the existence
of the processor and software could be completely
unnoticed by the user of the device. Such is the case
for a microwave oven, VCR, or alarm clock. In some
cases, it would even be possible to build an equivalent
device that does not contain the processor and
software. This could be done by replacing the
combination with a custom integrated circuit that
performs the same functions in hardware. However, a
lot of flexibility is lost when a design is hard-cooled in
this way. It is must easier, and cheaper, to change a
few lines of software than to redesign a piece of
custom hardware.
ATMEGA2560 MICRO CONTROLLER
ATmega2560 is an 8-bit high performance
microcontroller of Atmel’s Mega AVR family with
low power consumption. Atmega2560 is based on
enhanced RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing,
Know more about RISC and CISC Architecture)
architecture with 131 powerful instructions. Most of
the instructions execute in one machine cycle.
Atmega16 can work on a maximum frequency of
16MHz.
ATmega2560 has 16 KB programmable flash memory,
static RAM of 1 KB and EEPROM of 512 Bytes. The
endurance cycle of flash memory and EEPROM is
10,000 and 100,000, respectively.
ATmega2560 is a 40 pin microcontroller. There are 32
I/O (input/output) lines which are divided into four 8-
bit ports designated as PORTA, PORTB, PORTC and
PORTD.ATmega16 has various in-built peripherals
like USART, ADC, Analog
Comparator, SPI, JTAG etc. Each I/O pin has an
alternative task related to in-built peripherals.
3D PRINTING
3D printing (or additive manufacturing, AM) is any of
various processes used to make a three-
dimensional object.[1]
In 3D printing, additive
processes are used, in which successive layers of
material are laid down under computer
4. Page 1575
control.[2]
These objects can be of almost any shape or
geometry, and are produced from a 3D model or other
electronic data source. A 3D printer is a type
of industrial robot.
3D printing in the term's original sense refers to
processes that sequentially deposit material onto a
powder bed with inkjet printer heads. More recently
the meaning of the term has expanded to encompass a
wider variety of techniques such
as extrusion and sintering based processes. Technical
standards generally use the term additive
manufacturing for this broader sense.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPACE
Three-dimensional space is a geometric three-
parameter model of the physical universe (without
considering time) in which all known matter exists.
These three dimensions can be labeled by a
combination of three chosen from the
terms length,width, height, depth, and breadth. Any
three directions can be chosen, provided that they do
not all lie in the same plane.
In physics and mathematics, sequence of n numbers
can be understood as a location in n-dimensional
space. When n = 3, the set of all such locations is
called three-dimensional Euclidean space. It is
commonly represented by the symbol . This space is
only one example of a great variety of spaces in three
dimensions called 3-manifolds.
HEATING ELEMENT
Now that Smoothie can read the temperature, it needs
a way to heat things and maintain a desired
temperature. This is the heating element. On a hot end,
that is usually a resistor or a cartridge heater, on a
heated bed, that is usually a PCB plate designed to
have the right resistance, or adaption.
Because of its resistance, when power is applied to a
heater, it consumes energy to generate heat.
These heating elements need to be connected to
Smoothie board on a port that allows Smoothie to turn
them ON or OFF as needed. This is done by the use
of MOSFET that takes a digital input signal, and
depending on its value, lets current pass or not.
Smoothie has up to 6 MOSFET controls ( 6 on 5X, 4
on 4X and 2 on 3X ). You have to connect your PSU
to the power input connector for those FETs, and
connect your power consuming element ( be it heating
element, spindle, etc… ) to the power outputs of those
same FETs. Essentially Smoothie connects/disconnects
the element (connected to the mosfetconnector ) from
the PSU ( connected to the power input connector ) as
5. Page 1576
needed to maintain temperature or as requested by G-
codes.
POWER SYPPLY:
USING SOFTWARES:
Application
• Industrial Uses
• Rapid Prototyping
• Rapid Manufacturing
• Mass Customization
• Mass Production
• Domestic and hobbyist uses
• Clothing
• 3D Bio-printing
• 3D Printing For Implant And Medical Device
• 3D Printing Services
EXAMPLE MODEL GRAPHIC DESIGN:
6. Page 1577
These files are graphical files in CAD.
After convertion graphical files code will
genarates
Genarated codes will convert as output by using
softwares.
SAMPLE CODE:
; layer_height = 0.5
; perimeters = 3
; top_solid_layers = 3
; bottom_solid_layers = 3
; fill_density = 0.4
; perimeter_speed = 20
; infill_speed = 60
; travel_speed = 130
; nozzle_diameter = 0.6
; filament_diameter = 2.95
; extrusion_multiplier = 1
; perimeters extrusion width = 0.60mm
; infill extrusion width = 0.63mm
; solid infill extrusion width = 0.63mm
; top infill extrusion width = 0.63mm
; first layer extrusion width = 0.60mm
G21 ; set units to millimeters
M107
M190 S2 ; wait for bed temperature to be
reached
M104 S200 ; set temperature
G28 ;HOME ALL AXES
M109 S200 ; wait for temperature to be
reached
G90 ; use absolute coordinates
G92 E0
M82 ; use absolute distances for extrusion
G1 F1800.000 E-1.00000
G92 E0
G1 Z0.500 F7800.000
G1 X13.737 Y17.723 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000
ADVANTAGE
Higher flexibility.
Increased productivity.
Consistent quality.
Reduced scrap rate.
Reliable operation
FUTURE
Future applications for 3D printing might include
creating open-source scientific equipment to create
open source labs. Science-based applications like
reconstructing fossils in paleontology. Replicating
ancient and priceless artifacts in
archaeology.Reconstructing bones and body parts in
forensic pathology. Reconstructing heavily damaged
7. Page 1578
evidence acquired from crime scene investigations.
The technology currently being researched for building
construction.
WORLD'S FIRST 3D-PRINTED CAR
3D PRINTER PRINTING HOUSE
CONCLUSION
This project design 3D Printing technology could
revolutionize and re-shape the world. Advances in 3D
printing technology can significantly change and
improve the way we manufacture products and
produce goods worldwide. If the last industrial
revolution brought us mass production and the advent
of economies of scale - the digital 3D printing
revolution could bring mass manufacturing back a full
circle - to an era of mass personalization, and a return
to individual craftsmanship.
About author:
Kartheek .Kandhi
Research columnist, Founder &CEO,
1000KV TECHNOLOGIES,
Flat no:A2, 2nd
floor
9030 844 866, 9030 844 877,
ECE /EEE /EIE /MECHANICAL /MECHATRANIC
/ROBOTICS /BIOMEDICAL /DIPLOMA PROJECTS
1000kilovolts@gmail.com
Hyderabad.