This document discusses modal verbs in English. It provides examples of common modal verbs like can, could, may, must, ought to, shall, should, will, and would. It explains that modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person and use "not" for negation. Modal verbs cannot be used in past or future tenses. Questions words like how much, how many, how old, and how often are also discussed. Exercises are provided to practice modal verbs and question forms.

1. LIFESTYLES
UNIT 10

2. MODALS
 What are Modal Verbs?
 Modal verbs are special verbs which behave
very differently from normal verbs. Here are
some important differences:
 1. Modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third
person.
 Examples:
 He can speak Chinese.
 She should be here by 9:00.

3. MODALS
 CAN - ability to do sth. in the present
(substitute form: to be able to). I can speak
English.
 COULD - ability to do sth. in the past
(substitute form: to be able to). I could speak
English.
 MAY - permission to do sth. in the present
(substitute form: to be allowed to). May I go
to the cinema?
 MUST - force, necessity. I must go to the
supermarket today.

4. …
 MUST NOT – prohibition. You mustn't work
on dad's computer.
 OUGHT TO – obligation. You ought to
switch off the light when you leave the room.
 SHALL - instead of will in the 1st person.
Suggestion. Shall I carry your bag?
 SHOULD – advice. You should drive carefully
in bad weather.
 WILL - wish, request, demand, order (less
polite than would). Will you please shut the
door?
 WOULD - wish, request (more polite than
will). Would you shut the door, please?

5. 2. You use "not" to make modal verbs negative,
even in Simple Present and Simple Past.
 Examples:
 He should not be late.
 They might not come to the party.

6. 3. Many modal verbs cannot
be used in the past tenses or
the future tenses.
 Examples:
 He will can go with us. Not Correct
 She musted study very hard. Not Correct
 Common Modal Verbs
 Can
Could
May
Might
Must
 Ought to
Shall
Should
Will
Would

7. EXERCISES
 http://www.englishpage.com/modals/interactivemodal1.
htm

8. QUESTIONS WITH HOW
 HOW MUCH - We useHow much with uncountable
nouns (nouns that you cannot count such as money,
wine, oil etc)...You cannot make them plural . You can't
say one money, or three oils.
 HOW MANY - We useHow many with countable nouns
(nouns that you can count such as books, countries etc).
We can make these nouns plural. You also use how
many with a plural verb.
 HOW OLD – to ask about age! How old are you Kate?
 HOW LONG – to ask about length or a period of time.
How long did your grandfather live?
 HOW OFTEN – to ask about frequency. How often do
you go to the gym?

9. EXERCISES
 http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exe
rcise-english-2/exercise-english-24600.php