The document provides an overview of modal verbs, explaining their unique behavior and functions in sentences. It covers modals such as 'can', 'may', 'must', 'should', 'will', 'shall', 'would', 'ought to', and 'don't/doesn't have to', each with examples illustrating their use in conveying ability, possibility, obligation, advice, and permission. The information emphasizes the importance of understanding modals for effective communication.

3. MODALS
MODALS
MODALS
MODALS

5. LET’S LEARN MORE ABOUT MODALS
• Modals are special verbs

6. What’s special about
MODALS?
they are uniquely behaving verbs.

7. CAN” as a Modal
‘I can run’ – is an example of the
modal verb ‘can’ impacting upon
the verb ‘run’.
CAN

8. CAN” as a Modal
‘Can I borrow your trainers?’ – this
sentence shows the modal verb ‘can’
impacting upon the verb ‘borrow’.
CAN

9. CAN” as a Modal
‘Running can make you ache’ – again,
‘can’ is impacting upon a new verb,
‘make’.
CAN

10. “MAY”
as a Modal
‘I may swim tomorrow’ – ‘may’ is being
used here to express both
possibility and probability.
MAY

11. “MAY”
as a Modal
‘May I swim tomorrow?’ – in this
instance we have simply moved the
positioning of the words to create a new
sentence.
MAY

12. MUST
MUST
MUST
“MUST” as a
MODAL
‘You must raise your hand before you
speak’ – the modal verb ‘must’ is being
used to express the modality of
obligation by impacting upon the verb
‘raise’.

13. MUST
MUST
MUST
“MUST” as a
MODAL
‘You must not speak out of turn’ – in
this sentence by adding the word ‘not’
between the modal verb and the verb
‘speak’, the modality that is being
expressed is prohibition.

14. SHOULD
SHOULD
SHOULD
“SHOULD” as a
MODAL
The modal verb SHOULD is also used to
express advice…
• You should visit your barber
once a month.

15. Here are more MODALS you
must pay attention to…
• Will
• Shall
• Would
• Ought to
• Don’t/Doesn’t
have to

16. “WILL”
The verb “will” is used to express:
Promise: Don’t worry, I will be here.
Instant decision: I will take these books with me.
Invitation/Offer: Will you give me a chance?
Certain prediction: John Smith will be the next President.

17. “SHALL”
The verb “SHALL” is used to express:
Asking what to do: Shall I get the phone? Or will you?
Offer: Shall I call a cab?
Suggestion: Shall I call again on Thursday?

18. “WOULD”
The verb “WOULD” is used to express:
Asking for permission: Would you mind if I opened the window?
Request: Would you make dinner?
Making arrangements: Would you be available at 6 pm tonight?
Invitation: Would you like to go out sometimes?
Preferences: Would you prefer the window seat or the aisle?

19. “OUGHT TO”
The verb “OUGHT TO” is used to express:
Advice: You ought to have come to the meeting. It was
interesting.
Idealistic: We ought to eat lots of fruit and vegetables
every day.

20. “DON’T/DOESN’T have to”
Is not necessary: You don’t have to do all the exercises,
only the first one.