This document provides information about comparative and superlative grammar in English. It explains that the comparative form is used to compare two things using words like "as" and "than", while the superlative refers to one thing alone as being the best or worst. It outlines the rules for forming the comparative and superlative of adjectives based on their number of syllables, such as adding "-er" for one-syllable adjectives or using "more" with adjectives of three or more syllables. Examples are given for irregular forms like "good-better-best" and "bad-worse-worst". The document also covers comparative and superlative forms of adverbs. Two exercise
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2. Comparative
Comparative is the name for the grammar used when
comparing two things. The two basic ways to compare are
using as .. as or than.
1-syllable adjectives: add -er to the adjective
My sister is much taller than me.†
It's colder today than it was yesterday.
Note: If the word ends: consonant-vowel-consonant, then the
last consonant is usually doubled in the comparative.
Examples: big-bigger, fat-fatter, hot-hotter.
3. 2-syllable adjectives ending in
-y: change the -y to –ier
She's looking happier today.
This grammar topic is easier than the last one.
Why is everyone else luckier than me? †
Beware: Do not confuse adjectives and adverbs. 2-syllable adverbs ending in -y must be
compared with the word more. Example: I drive more quickly (quicklier) than my brother.
Other 2-syllable adjectives: use more with the unchanged adjective
The shops are always more crowded just before Christmas.
Is there anything more boring than reading about grammar?
My sister is more careful with her writing than I am with mine.
Note: The comparative of some shorter 2-syllable adjectives can be formed with -er.
Examples: simple-simpler, clever-cleverer, narrow-narrower. To be sure which comparative
method to use, you will need to consult a good dictionary.
4. Adjectives with 3 or more syllables: use more with the
unchanged adjective
Russian grammar is more difficult than English
grammar.
My sister is much more intelligent than me.†
I find maths lessons more enjoyable than science
lessons.
The older you get, the more irritating you become.
5. SUPERLATIVES
In the superlative you talk about one thing only and how
it is the best, worst, etc. You do not compare two
things. The following guidelines apply to the
superlative:
1-syllable adjectives: add -est to the adjective (plus the)
My sister is the tallest in our family.
Yesterday was the coldest day of the year so far.
Note: If the word ends: consonant-vowel-consonant, then
the last consonant is usually doubled in the superlative.
Examples: big-biggest, fat-fattest, hot-hottest.
6. 2-syllable adjectives ending in
-y: change the -y to -iest (plus
the) The richest people are not always the happiest.
Which do you think is the easiest language to learn?
She's the luckiest person I know.
Beware: Do not confuse adjectives and adverbs. 2-
syllable adverbs ending in -y form their superlative with
the words the most. Example: Of all the people I know my
father drives the most quickly (quickliest).
7. ther 2-syllable adjectives: use the most with the unchanged
adjective
The most boring thing about ESL class is doing grammar
exercises.
My sister is the most careful person I know.
Note: The superlative of some shorter 2-syllable adjectives
can be formed with -er. Examples: simple-simplest, clever-cleverest,
narrow-narrowest. To be sure which superlative
method to use, you will need to consult a good dictionary.
8. Adjectives with 3 or more syllables: use the most with the
unchanged adjective
Some people think that Russian is the most difficult
language.
Albert Einstein was the most intelligent person in history.
My most enjoyable class is English.
You are the most irritating person I have ever met!
Following are two common irregular
comaparative/superlative forms:
good-better-the best
bad-worse-the worst
9. The following guidelines apply to the comparative/superlative
of most adverbs:
1-syllable adverbs: add -er/-est
I can run faster than you. / I can run the fastest in my class.
She works harder than me.† / She works the hardest of all
students.
Other adverbs: use more / the most*
She ran more quickly than me.† / Of all the students she
ran the most quickly.
