Objects in motion - 03 Acceleration
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Acceleration is the rate of change of an object's speed over time. It can be calculated using the formula: acceleration = change in speed/change in time. Acceleration is measured in meters per second squared (m/s2). The slope of a speed-time graph directly corresponds to an object's acceleration - a steeper slope indicates higher acceleration. An object's acceleration can be determined by analyzing the slopes in its speed-time graph over different time periods.
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2) A car accelerating from 60 mph to 90 mph in 3 seconds has an acceleration of 10 mph/sec. A car braking from 60 mph to a stop in 6 seconds has a negative acceleration of -10 mph/sec.
3) Falling objects near the Earth's surface accelerate at approximately 10 m/s2 due to gravity. Their velocity increases linearly with time until air resistance balances the gravitational force and the object reaches terminal velocity.
Chapter 5
This document provides information about motion, speed, velocity, acceleration, and forces. It defines key terms like motion, reference point, speed, average speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and net force. It discusses concepts such as calculating speed, velocity, and acceleration using formulas. It also covers topics including friction, gravity, weight, and mass. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating speed, velocity, acceleration, distance, and time in motion problems. Diagrams illustrate concepts such as balanced and unbalanced forces.
Motion_speed_acceleration_velocity_and force.pdf
Motion is defined as an object changing position or place. Speed is the distance traveled over a period of time. Velocity includes both speed and direction of motion. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity, whether in magnitude or direction. Instantaneous speed refers to the speed at a particular point in time, while average speed is the total distance divided by the total time. Graphs of distance over time depict motion, with speed shown as the slope of the line and acceleration as the change in slope.
scalar v vector quantities
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Speed and acceleration
Speed is defined as the distance an object travels over a period of time. It can be calculated by dividing the distance by the time. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity over time and can be calculated by dividing the change in speed by the time taken. Maintaining safe speeds is important for road safety as higher speeds increase the distance required to stop, known as the stopping distance. Speed limits aim to prevent unsafe speeds based on road conditions.
Distance,_Displacement,_Speed,_and_Velocity_.ppt
This document defines and provides examples for key concepts related to motion including:
- Distance refers to how far an object travels and does not depend on direction. Displacement considers both distance and direction by taking into account an object's starting and final positions.
- Speed refers to how fast an object is moving and does not consider direction, while velocity includes both speed and direction.
- Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity, either through changes in speed, direction, or both. The formula for acceleration is the change in velocity divided by the change in time.
Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating distance, speed, velocity, acceleration, and related concepts using provided values and the key formulas.
Fundamentals_of_Biomechanics_4.3.pptx
1. Contact forces act through physical contact and include forces like the force of a baseball bat hitting a ball.
2. Long-range forces act without contact and include gravity, which pulls objects downward.
3. Other key forces discussed are friction, which opposes motion, lift which counteracts gravity, and drag which opposes motion through a fluid.
Lesson+5+Acceleration+Starter
The document discusses acceleration and how to calculate it using the change in velocity over time. It provides an example of two cars, a sports car and a Volvo, accelerating from 0 to 100 km/h. The sports car accelerates faster, reaching the final speed in 5 seconds compared to 10 seconds for the Volvo. Calculating the acceleration shows the sports car's acceleration is 6 m/s2 and the Volvo's is 3 m/s2. It then presents the general equation for acceleration as a = change in velocity/time.
Chapter 2 ppt
The document discusses motion in one dimension, including displacement, velocity, acceleration, and free fall. It defines key terms like displacement as a change in position, average velocity as displacement over time, and acceleration. Examples show how to calculate displacement, velocity, and acceleration using equations. Free fall acceleration is constant at about 10 m/s^2 downward. Graphs of position, velocity, and acceleration over time are used to represent motion.
Forces and Motion.ppt
The document discusses scalar and vector quantities. It defines scalars as quantities measured with numbers and units, while vectors also include direction. Examples are given such as displacement and velocity. The document also covers concepts such as:
- Adding vectors by placing them "nose to tail" to find the resultant
- Using constant acceleration equations to solve problems involving velocity, displacement, and time
- Projectile motion under gravity, treating horizontal and vertical motions separately
- Momentum as a vector quantity equal to mass times velocity, and its conservation in interactions and collisions
Distance time graphs - Race for the Line
This document provides information about distance-time graphs, including:
- Distance-time graphs plot the distance an object is from its starting point on the y-axis against time on the x-axis.
- Various graphs are presented and described showing examples of journeys by car and bicycle, which can be used to calculate information like distance, time, speed and acceleration.
- The slope of lines on the graphs represents speed, with steeper lines indicating faster movement. Curved lines can show changes in speed like acceleration and deceleration.
- Distance-time graphs can provide data to ask questions about distance, time, speed and changes in speed for different objects and scenarios.
grade 12 distance and displacement.pptx
Distance is a scalar quantity that refers to how far an object has traveled, regardless of direction. Displacement is a vector quantity referring to an object's overall change in position, including both distance and direction traveled. Velocity is a vector quantity that includes both an object's speed and the direction of motion, while speed is a scalar quantity referring only to the rate of travel. Acceleration refers to any change in an object's velocity, whether in magnitude or direction over time.
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Objects in motion - 03 Acceleration
- 1. OBJECTS IN MOTION. 03. Acceleration. Ian Anderson Saint Ignatius College Geelong
- 2. WHAT IS ACCELERATION? When a car takes off from the traffic lights it will increase its speed until it reaches the speed limit. Acceleration is described as the rate at which speed changes. The quicker the car increases its speed, the greater its acceleration. Source: Sharwood (2006)
- 3. CALCULATING ACCELERATION. Acceleration = the rate of change of speed. Acceleration = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 − 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑎 = ∆𝑠 ∆𝑡 𝑎 = (𝑣 − 𝑢) 𝑡
- 4. CALCULATING ACCELERATION. Acceleration is measured in units of metres per second per second (m/s/s), or metres per second squared (m/s2 or ms-2). If an object slows it is decelerating. Deceleration is negative acceleration. Source: http://oneinamillionsophie.blogspot.com.au
- 5. CALCULATING ACCELERATION. In a 100m sprint, Usain Bolt is able to reach a speed of 12 m/s in 6 s. What is his acceleration? Acceleration = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 = (𝑣 − 𝑢) 𝑡 v = 12 m/s u = 0 m/s t = 6 s Source: http://www4.uwsp.edu/physastr/kmenning/Phys203
- 6. CALCULATING ACCELERATION. Acceleration = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 = (𝑣 − 𝑢) 𝑡 v = 12 m/s u = 0 m/s t = 6 s Acceleration = (12 −0) 6 = 2 m/s2 Source: http://www4.uwsp.edu/physastr/kmenning/Phys203
- 7. CALCULATING ACCELERATION. If the speed of a car changed from 0 to 60 km/h in 6 s, what was its acceleration (in km/h/s)? Acceleration = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 = (𝑣 − 𝑢) 𝑡 v = 60 km/h u = 0 km/h t = 6 s Source: http://www.lefrelonvert.com/2010/09/elvis-blu- ray-collection/
- 8. CALCULATING ACCELERATION. Acceleration = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 = (𝑣 − 𝑢) 𝑡 v = 60 km/h u = 0 km/h t = 6 s Acceleration = (60 − 0) 6 = 10 km/h/s Source: http://www.lefrelonvert.com/2010/09/elvis-blu- ray-collection/
- 9. ACCELERATION AND GRAPHS. The gradient of a speed-time graph gives you the rate of acceleration. A steep speed-time graph indicates a higher acceleration than a graph with a lesser slope. Source: Rickard et al. (2006)
- 10. ACCELERATION AND GRAPHS. A car accelerates from rest until it reaches 13 m/s after 5 s. It then continues at that speed for 45 s before it approaches a red traffic light. The driver then slows the car down until it stops at the red light 10 s later. Source: Sharwood (2006)
- 11. ACCELERATION AND GRAPHS. What was the car’s acceleration in the first 5 s? between 5 & 50 s? between 50 & 60 s? Source: Sharwood (2006)
- 12. ACCELERATION AND GRAPHS. The areas under the graph lines tell us the distance travelled by the car in each time period. The area under the whole graph tells us the distance between the two traffic lights. Source: Sharwood (2006)
- 13. ACCELERATION AND GRAPHS. What was the distance covered by the car in the first 5 s? between 5 & 50 s? between 50 & 60 s? for the whole 60 s? Source: Sharwood (2006)
- 14. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Rickard, G., Phillips, G., Ellis, J., Jeffery, F., & Roberson, P. (2006). Science Dimensions 4: Coursebook. Melbourne: Pearson Education Australia. Sharwood, J. (Ed.). (2006). Science Edge 4. Melbourne: Thomson Learning.