The document discusses the pathogenesis of infections, including the typical routes of entry for pathogens, how they spread within the body, and how the body eliminates them. It explains that pathogens usually enter through mucous membranes or breaks in the skin, then spread locally or through the blood and lymphatic system to target organs. The document also outlines the major routes and mechanisms by which pathogens are eventually eliminated from the body.

1. Institute for Microbiology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University and St. Anna Faculty Hospital in Brno Miroslav Votava, Vladana Woznicová PATHOGENESIS OF INFECTION – I Lecture for 2nd-year students May 4 t h , 200 9

4. P ORTAL OF ENTRY Respiratory tract mucosa Lungs Gastrointestinal tract mucosa Skin and hypodermis Urogenital tract mucosa Conjunctiva and cornea Placenta

8. nasopharyngeal, laryngeal swab

19. http://www.textbookofbacteriology.net

22. S PREADING http://www.wyrebc.gov.uk

25. http://www.msevans.com

28. E LIMINATION

30. Elimination from respiratory tract Sneezing: in particular agents of common cold (rhinoviruses, coronaviruses), from bacteria e.g. Neisseria meningitidis Coughing: other respiratory viruses (primarily influenza virus), exanthematic viruses (VZV, morbilli virus, rubella virus), N. meningitidis , B. pertussis, M. tuberculosis, Y. pestis