12 course and_forms_of_infection_-_i_2_
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This document discusses various topics related to the course and forms of infection. It covers incubation periods for different diseases, the typical progression of infectious diseases from prodromal symptoms to convalescence. It also discusses types of infections such as latent, persistent, opportunistic, and nosocomial infections. The outcome of infections depends on factors related to the microorganism and the host such as virulence, immunity, and response. Complete recovery, recovery with sequelae, persistent infection, and death are some potential outcomes.
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This document discusses various microbial pathogens that can cause cardiovascular and systemic diseases. It describes how bacteria, viruses, protozoa and helminths can infect the bloodstream (septicemia) and spread throughout the body, potentially infecting multiple organ systems. Examples discussed in detail include bacteremia, viral infections like Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus, and parasitic diseases such as toxoplasmosis, malaria, Chagas disease, schistosomiasis and others. For each pathogen, the document outlines the causative agent, transmission, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and available treatments.
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The document outlines the chain of infection, which describes the process by which an infectious disease is transmitted. It begins with the infectious agent leaving a reservoir, passing through a portal of exit, being transmitted via a mode of transmission, entering through a portal of entry to infect a susceptible host. The document then defines each link in more detail, including infectious agents, reservoirs, carriers, periods of communicability, and modes of transmission. It provides examples to illustrate key concepts around how infectious diseases are able to spread.
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RESERVOIRS AND SOURCES OF INFECTION,
MODE OF TRANSMISSION, SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
Depending on the duration of carriage, carriers are classified as :
temporary carrier, chronic carrier
types of vectors:
mechanical vector, biological vector,
mode of transmission of infection-
vertical transmissiom, horizontal transmission
Microbial pathogenicity
This document defines key terminology related to microbial pathogenicity and discusses various concepts including:
1. It classifies microbes as saprophytes, parasites, commensals, and pathogens.
2. It describes the infection process and different types of infections such as primary, secondary, and nosocomial.
3. It explains mechanisms of microbial pathogenicity including routes of transmission, infective dose, evasion of host defenses, adhesion, invasion, and the role of toxins and pathogenicity islands.
Introduction to infectious diseases
The document discusses infectious diseases and key related concepts. It defines infectious disease as a disease caused by an infectious agent like a bacterium, virus, fungus or parasite that can be transmitted between hosts. It also defines and explains related terms like infection, infectivity, pathogenicity, virulence, and provides examples of major infectious diseases and their causes of death worldwide. The document also covers the history of infectious diseases and advances in the field like germ theory and the development of vaccines and antibiotics.
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