The document discusses the League of Nations, its aims and structure, and factors that influenced its effectiveness. It examines why some countries like Germany, Russia and the US did not initially join. It outlines the League's main strengths like its inclusive membership, and weaknesses such as lacking enforcement powers and unanimous decision making. Specific cases like Corfu, the Kellogg-Briand Pact, and responses to events in Bulgaria, Poland and the Ruhr Valley are examined in terms of what they reveal about the League's impact.

1. The 1920’s

2. Aims Understand the Leagues aims To understand how the Leagues membership and structure effected its strength

5. Optimistic beginnings

7. © Hodder Murray A British cartoon from 1919/1920. A new beginning and direction for the world?

9. What does this reveal to an historian about why USA did not join?

10. SOURCE 6 B What is the message of the cartoon? Use your own knowledge and the source .

11. Strengths and Weaknesses of the League German, Russia and USA were not members at first The Leagues main assembly met once a year Communication and language League did not have its own army Unanimous votes were required in the assembly for action to take place The League was created from the peace treaties The main members were France and Britain in the council The League had over 50 members The covenant of the League set out its aims Based in Geneva, Switzerland In the assembly and council all nations were equal with one vote Germany eventually joined in 1926 The League could use economic sanctions to damage a countries trade Council set up as assembly too slow Unanimous votes needed in the council

14. Who is the new member? What do they represent? How has Italy and Mussolini brought them to the League? Corfu What does it say about the League’s effectiveness?

15. Bulgaria (1925) Greece obeyed the League’s orders to pull out of Bulgaria in 1925. h. Jobs The International Labour Organisation failed to persuade countries to adopt a 48-hour week. b. Poland (1920) Poland took land from Russia, breaking the Treaty of Versailles. The Poles ignored the League’s order to stop i. Economic problems The League sent economics experts to help Austria and Hungary. c. Slaves The League attacked slave traders in Africa and Burma and freed 200,000 slaves. j. Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) Sixty-five countries signed the treaty to end war – but then they just ignored it. d. Disease The League worked to prevent malaria and leprosy. k. Refugees (1922) The League set up camps and fed Turkish refugees. e. Disarmament (1932) Disarmament talks failed, because Germany demanded as many weapons as everyone else. l. Corfu (1923) Mussolini ignored the League’s orders to pull out of Corfu in 1923, and made Greece pay money to Italy. f. Prisoners of War The League took home half a million World War One prisoners of war. m. Drugs The League closed down four big Swiss companies which were selling drugs. g. Reparations (1921) When the Germans refused to pay, France and Britain invaded Germany and made them pay. n. Invasion of the Ruhr France invaded the Ruhr in 1923 to force the Germans to pay Reparations.

16. A. Loans reduced C. US Loans to Europe F. Industry and employment increase B. Increase in world trade D. Industry and employment decrease E. Good profits G. Poor profits H. Hardship for people I. 1929 Wall St Crash