1. India in the 8th Century AD.pptx
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The document summarizes several early medieval Indian dynasties that ruled different regions between the 8th-14th centuries CE. Key dynasties discussed include the Rashtrakutas who ruled Maharashtra and Karnataka from 735-973 CE; the Western Chalukyas who ruled from their capital of Kalyani in modern Karnataka from 973-1189 CE; and the Yadavas who ruled from their capital of Devagiri and established Maratha culture from 1187-1312 CE. Other dynasties summarized are the Hoysalas, Cholas, Palas, Pratiharas, Gangas and more. Kashmir during this period saw rule by the Karkota,
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The Pandya dynasty was an ancient Tamil dynasty that ruled parts of southern India between the 4th century BCE and 16th century CE from their capital at Madurai. Some key details:
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- The Pandya kingdom encompassed most of modern-day Tamil Nadu and reached the peak of its power and territory under the imperial Pandyas in the 13th-14th centuries CE.
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The First Pandya Empire originated in the 7th century CE and was one of the three main Tamil kingdoms in South India, along with the Chola and Chera empires. It reached the height of its power under the rulers Maravarman Rajasimha I and Nedunjadaiyan, controlling much of southern India. However, conflicts with the expanding Chola Empire weakened the Pandyas in the 10th century. The Cholas defeated the Pandyas on multiple occasions and dominated their kingdom for several centuries, marking the decline and end of the First Pandya Empire by the early 13th century.
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The Satvahana dynasty ruled from 235 BCE to 224 CE in India. Some key points:
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8 11
The Kalachuris were a dynasty that ruled parts of central India between the 8th-12th centuries AD from their capital of Tripuri. They traced their origin to Mahishmati and called themselves Chandravanshis. The early Kalachuris ruled from Mahishmati but later shifted their capital to Tripuri. The dynasty rose to prominence under rulers like Shankaragan I in the 8th century AD. Later rulers like Kokalla I and Yuvaraja I expanded the kingdom and defeated neighboring rulers. The Kalachuris acknowledged the overlordship of empires like the Rashtrakutas and Chalukyas at times through marriage alliances. They were patrons of Hinduism and J
History of M adhya Pradesh
1) Madhya Pradesh has a rich historical geography, including kingdoms like Avanti and Chedi. The Paramara dynasty originated from the fire pit and ruled Malwa from the 9th-13th centuries CE, known for temples built in the Bhumija style.
2) The Kalachuri dynasty, who took their name from their long moustaches, ruled parts of northern Maharashtra and Malwa from the 6th-12th centuries CE. They followed religions like Buddhism, Jainism, and Shaivism and built temples in circular, square and rectangular styles.
3) Madhya Pradesh made many contributions to Indian history as a cultural link between north and south, and
History of the Post-Mauryan Empire
The document summarizes the dynasties that ruled in India after the Mauryan Empire fell, including the Shunga, Kanva, and Chedi dynasties. The Shunga ruled northern India from 184-72 BCE with their capital at Pataliputra and Vidisha. They persecuted Buddhists. The Kanva dynasty overthrew the Shunga and ruled from 72-27 BCE. The Chedi dynasty ruled in Odisha from around 600-100 BCE, with their capital at Suktimati near the Mahanadi River. They traced their lineage back to the ancient Chedi kingdom and the ruler Rajarsi Vasu. An important king was Kharavela
History of Indo-sythian Dynasties
The Indo-Scythian Kingdom was established in northern India and Pakistan between 200 BCE to 400 CE by Saka tribes who migrated from Central Asia. They established five branches throughout the region, including the Shakas of Taxila centered in modern-day Pakistan. Prominent Indo-Scythian rulers included Maues, Azes I, and Azes II of Taxila, as well as the Western Satraps such as Nahapana who ruled from Gujarat. The Indo-Scythians had a significant influence on the art, architecture, and coinage of the period before their decline due to wars with neighboring powers like the Kushans and Guptas.
Pragjyotisha Vol. III
This document provides a historical overview of kingdoms and dynasties that ruled the region of Pragjyotisha (present-day Northeast India and parts of Nepal) between 300 AD to 900 AD. It mentions the Sudra, Varman, Licchavi, Gupta, Salastambha, Dimasa and other dynasties that ruled different parts of the region during this period. It provides details on the rulers of each dynasty and references information from sources like inscriptions, Puranas and accounts of Chinese travelers who visited the region.
Later pandyas
The Later Pandyas ruled from the 6th century CE until the 16th century CE. They revived their rule after eliminating the Kalabhras. The greatest ruler was Jatila Parantaka Nedunjadayan who expanded Pandyan territory. In the 13th century, the Pandyan Kingdom emerged as the dominant power in South India under the rule of Sadaiyavarman Sundarapandyan, who brought much of South India under his control. However, internal conflicts later allowed for an invasion by Malik Kafur, leading to the division and decline of the Pandyan Kingdom.
Chalukyas of Badami Dynasty
1. The Chalukya dynasty originated in the 6th century CE in Badami, Karnataka and ruled parts of western and central India until the 13th century.
2. One of the most prominent early rulers was Pulakeshin II who defeated the powerful northern ruler Harsha and had victories over the Pallavas in the south as well as several smaller dynasties.
3. However, Pulakeshin II was ultimately defeated and likely killed in a battle against the Pallava king Narasimhavarman I, though the Chalukyas continued to rule for several more centuries in divided kingdoms across western and central India.
Presentation on medieval india
The document summarizes the medieval period of Indian history from the 8th to 18th century AD. It was divided into the early medieval period from the 8th to 13th century, and the later medieval period from the 13th century onwards. In North India, the Pala, Pratihara, and Rashtrakuta dynasties struggled for control of the region around Kanauj. In South India, the major dynasties included the Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Pallavas, Cholas, Hoysalas, Kakatiyas, and others who rose to power and declined as they conquered each other over the centuries. The Cholas reached the peak of
Mysteries tanjore
1) Rajaraja I was a powerful Chola emperor who expanded the Chola empire and ensured its supremacy in South India and the Indian Ocean. 2) He built the great Brihadisvara Temple in Thanjavur dedicated to Lord Shiva between 1003-1014 CE. The temple is considered one of the finest examples of South Indian architecture. 3) Rajaraja was influenced by earlier Pallava architectural structures like the Dharmaraja Ratham at Mamallapuram, and refined Pallava techniques in constructing the Brihadisvara Temple.
Dynasty of pallavas
The pallava dynasty is the one the great dynasty in Southern India which rules from Southern parts of Andhra pradesh and Northern part of tamilnadu. In this pdf I mentioned about Pallava kings and three famous battles between pallavas and Chalukyas .
KALYANI OF CHALUKYA DYNASTY .ppt
1) Someshvara I (1042-1068 CE) was a powerful ruler of the Western Chalukya dynasty of Kalyani who shifted the capital from Manyakheta to Kalyani. He had successful military campaigns across India and defeated several neighboring dynasties, though he was unable to defeat the Cholas.
2) Vikramaditya VI (1076-1126 CE) was another powerful ruler who started the Chalukya Vikram era and was known for his patronage of art and literature. However, after his death the dynasty went into decline.
3) The Western Chalukya dynasty ruled from the 10th-12th century in the region of
VENGI OF CHALUKYA DYNASTY.ppt
Vijayaditya III was a powerful king of the Eastern Chalukya dynasty of Vengi who reigned from 849-892 CE. He defeated several neighboring dynasties including the Rashtrakutas, Pallavas, Gangas, and Cholas, gaining control over a large portion of the Deccan. After the death of his Rashtrakuta ally Amoghavarsha I, Vijayaditya declared independence from the Rashtrakutas. His successors Bhima I and Vijayaditya IV continued expanding the kingdom, but it eventually declined with the rise of the Kakatiya dynasty.
Chalukya of Kalyani Dynasty
The Chalukya dynasty originated in Karnataka, India between 600-1300 CE and was comprised of three imperial powers: the Early Chalukyas, Eastern Chalukyas, and Western Chalukyas. The Western Chalukyas, also called the Kalyani Chalukyas or Later Chalukyas, rose to power in 973 CE and ruled most of the Deccan plateau until 1200 CE from their capitals of Manyakheta and Kalyani. They contended with the Cholas of Tamil Nadu for control of the region. The dynasty reached its peak under King Someshvara I in the early 12th century, extending their rule from the Narmada
ANCIENT INDIA TRIBAL COINS
The document discusses types of ancient tribal coins from India, focusing on coins from the Audumbara, Kuluta, and Kuninda tribes. It provides details on the metal, style, symbols, and legends depicted on their coins. For the Audumbara tribe, it notes their coins were made of silver and copper, and depicted temples, trees, deities, and weapons. Kuluta coins were made of copper and featured symbols like the swastika, mountains, and Dharmachakra that indicate they were likely Buddhist. Kuninda coins spanned an area from Himachal Pradesh to Uttarakhand, with types named after rulers like Amoghabhuti.
TRIBAL COINS
The document discusses coins issued by two ancient Indian tribes - the Audumbaras and Kulutas. It provides details on their location, culture and religion based on evidence from ancient texts. For the Audumbaras, it describes two classes of coins in silver and copper depicting symbols like the Audumbara tree and Vishwamitra. For the Kulutas, it mentions their potential settlement in the Kulu valley and analyzes their square and round copper coins bearing Buddhist symbols such as the Dharmachakra and Srivatsa.
PRAGJYOTISHA Vol. IV
1. The document reviews the history of the Kamata Kingdom from 1200-1498 AD, located in western Kamarupa (present-day India and Bangladesh).
2. It describes the ruling dynasties of the Kamata Kingdom during this period, including the Khen, Kheng-Bhutia, Arimatta, and Khen rulers.
3. In 1498 AD, the Muslim ruler Hussain Shah invaded and ended the Khen Dynasty, displacing the last Khen king Nilambar and destroying the capital of Kamatapur. The region then came under Muslim rule.
Post Mauryan Dynasties (Shunga-Kanva-Chedi)
The Post Mauryan period in India saw the emergence of regional dynasties as centralized control declined after the fall of the Mauryan Empire. Three major dynasties arose in different regions of North and South India between 200 BCE to 300 CE. In North India, the Shunga and Kanva dynasties ruled, while in South India, the Satavahanas held power. The Shungas ruled from their capitals of Pataliputra and Vidisha for over 100 years until being replaced by the Kanvas. In Odisha and parts of eastern India, the Chedi dynasty, with rulers like Kharavela, dominated local politics. During this period, Hinduism and
Krishnadevaraya
Krishnadevaraya was a ruler of the Tuluva dynasty who ruled the Vijayanagara Empire from 1509 to 1529 CE. He expanded the empire through military conquests, defeating rulers in Mysore, Odisha, and the Bahmani Sultanates. Krishnadevaraya established friendly relations with the Portuguese. Internally, he abolished taxes and brought more land under cultivation. As a patron of arts, he built temples, forts, and palaces. Krishnadevaraya was known for his support of literature with many poets at his court, making it a golden age for Telugu literature. He helped expand the empire to its largest extent.
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there are no records of external aggression so malla were probably titles ass...
there are no records of external aggression so malla were probably titles ass...
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The Mughal land revenue system involved measuring land, classifying it based on productivity, assessing the state's share of revenue, and collecting payments. Under Sher Shah, peasants paid survey and tax collection fees. Akbar modified the system, appointing officials to organize the Khalsa lands and collect detailed revenue figures. In 1566-67, he introduced the Zabti system of yearly revenue settlement. Todarmal later experimented with the Ain-i-Dahsala system in Gujarat, which was adopted empire-wide in 1580 and involved calculating typical crop yields over 10 years to determine taxes.
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The document discusses the Mansabdari system introduced by Akbar in 1570. It divides the imperial officers of the Mughal state into 66 grades ranging from 10 to 10,000 based on their rank and status. The highest ranks were reserved for royal princes. Mansabdars were classified based on their zat (personal rank) and sawar (number of troops maintained). The system aimed to replace the feudal jagirdari system with direct allegiance to the emperor. It played an important role in administering and expanding the Mughal Empire during Akbar's reign.
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7. Delhi Sultanate Administration.pptx
The document summarizes key aspects of administration under the Delhi Sultanate. It describes the sultanate as a theocratic benevolent state ruled according to Islamic law. It established iqtas, or revenue-collecting territories, which were initially military-administrative grants but later became hereditary under Firoz Shah Tughlaq. The sultanate had a complex bureaucracy including offices of prime minister, finance minister, provincial governors, and a judicial system headed by a chief qazi. Ulema, or Islamic scholars, played an influential role in legal matters and helped legitimize sultanate rule through religious sanction.
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2. Alberuni, an Arab scholar, accompanied Mahmud of Ghazni's raids and wrote extensively about Indian culture, society, and religions in his work Kitab al-Hind.
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This document summarizes several important associations and organizations formed in India prior to 1885 that played a role in the developing Indian independence movement. Some of the key organizations mentioned include the Bangabhasha Prakasika Sabha (1836) started by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, the Zamindari Association (1836), the Bombay Chamber of Commerce (1836), the Bengal British India Society (1843), the Madras Native Association (1849), the British India Association (1851), the Bombay Association (1852), the Indian League (1875), the Indian Association of Calcutta (1876), the East India Association (1867), the Poona Sarvanajanik Sabha (1870
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The Hindustan Ghadar Party was formed in 1912 in the United States and Canada by Indian immigrants who were opposed to British rule in India. The party published a newspaper called Ghadar to propagate their message of revolution and armed revolt against the British. In 1915, the Ghadar Party attempted to spark an uprising in India by sending members back to India and making contact with regiments of the British Indian Army. However, the planned February 1915 uprising was unsuccessful and was suppressed by British authorities, with many Ghadar members arrested or executed.
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This document provides a summary of the Komagata Maru incident of 1914. It describes how Gurdit Singh chartered a Japanese ship called the Komagata Maru to transport 376 Indian immigrants to Vancouver, Canada. However, when the ship arrived, immigration officials refused to allow most of the passengers to disembark due to discriminatory immigration policies of the time. After months of legal challenges and negotiations, the ship was forced to return to India, where a riot broke out upon their arrival in which British authorities killed 19 passengers. The document provides historical context and details about the key individuals and events involved in this important episode.
The Satavahanas
The Satavahanas were a dynasty that ruled over parts of central and southern India between the 2nd century BCE and the 2nd century CE. They originated from the Deccan region and had their capital in Dharanikota and Amaravati in present-day Andhra Pradesh. Some key rulers included Satakarni I, Gautamiputra Satakarni, Vasishthiputra Pulamavi, and Yajna Satakarni. The Satavahanas came into conflict with neighboring Western Kshatrapa and Indo-Greek rulers but were able to defeat them and expand their territories at times under rulers like Gautamip
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Literary sources in Tamil, Literary sources in other languages, Gajabahu synchronism, Archeological sources, Evidence for economic activities, Epigraphical sources.
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The document discusses the Indian Rebellion of 1857 from various perspectives. It provides views of Indian and British historians on whether it was a mutiny, revolt, or war of independence. It outlines the political, military, social, religious, and economic causes of the rebellion. Key events like the refusal to use greased cartridges and the march to Delhi are described. The rebellion was eventually suppressed by the British in 1858, marking the end of Company rule and beginning of direct British rule over India.
3. Associations and organizations prior to 1885 and INC
Prior to 1885, several associations and organizations were formed in India to advocate for political and social reforms. These included the Bangabhasha Prakasika Sabha in 1836, the Zamindari Association in 1836, the Bombay Chamber of Commerce in 1836, the Bengal British India Society in 1843, the Madras Native Association in 1849, and the British India Association in 1851. Later organizations focused more on developing nationalist sentiment, such as the Indian League in 1875 and the Indian Association of Calcutta in 1876. The Indian National Congress, formed in 1885, emerged as an umbrella organization, incorporating many earlier regional associations and their efforts to achieve self-governance for India.
1. The Indian councils act 1909
The Indian Councils Act of 1909, also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms, aimed to increase Indian representation in British government by expanding legislative councils and introducing elections. However, the British did not consider the councils true parliaments and did not intend for India to progress toward self-government. Key aspects included establishing separate electorates for Muslims, expanding council sizes, and creating executive councils in some provinces. While nationalists welcomed greater representation, they were unhappy with restrictions that still left British in control.
Tribal revolts and movements led by deposed rulers and zamindars
1. The document discusses various tribal uprisings that occurred in India against British colonial rule between the late 18th century and early 20th century.
2. It describes rebellions led by different tribal groups such as Santhals, Mundas, Khonds, Bhils, and Kolis in response to issues like exploitation by zamindars, restrictions on traditional practices, heavy land revenue, and more.
3. Notable rebellion leaders mentioned include Birsa Munda, the brothers Siddhu and Khanu of the Santhal rebellion, and Gomdhar Konwar of the 1828-33 Ahom revolt in Assam.
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Nationalism has significantly influenced the writing of history. Historians such as Johann Gottfried Herder and Johann Gottlieb Fichte helped craft a German national identity in the 18th-19th centuries. Nationalist ideologies often distort archaeology and ancient history to fit national mythologies. The Subaltern School emerged in 1980s India as an extension of Marxism, focusing on marginalized groups and criticizing the elite biases of Indian nationalist and Orientalist histories. Key figures included Ranajit Guha, David Arnold, and Dipesh Chakrabarty.
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Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
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1. India in the 8th Century AD.pptx
- 1. EARLY MEDIEVAL INDIA Prepared By. Dr.Rao, Faculty of History
- 2. The Rashtrakutas AD 735- 973 The Rashtrakutas were of Kannada origin Ruled over large parts of Maharashtra and Karataka Dantidurga was the founder
- 4. Western Chalukyas of Kalyani AD973-1189 Tailapa II- founder Capital- Kalyani (Modern Basavakalyan) Three gems- Ranna, Adikavi Pampa & Sri Ponna Vikramaditya Vl- Max.no inscriptions
- 5. The Yadavas – AD 1187-1312 Founder- Bhillama V Capital- Devagiri Founders of Maratha Culture
- 7. The Hoyasalas – AD 1026- 1342 Vittigadev – First major ruler of the dynasty- Originally a Jain Ramunajuna Acharya – Vishnu Belur- Chennakeshava Temple
- 9. The New Cholas AD 850- 1279 Founder- Vijayalaya Capital- Tanjore Brihadeswara Temple Village administration
- 10. The Salama Dynasty of Assam AD 800- 1000 Assam was also called as Kamrupa & Pragjyotisha Hajraravarman declared independence from Palas and established Salamba dynasty Capital- Haruppeshvara
- 11. The Pratiharas AD 730-1036 Nagabhata-I was the founder of the dynasty Called as Gujara Pratharas Capital- Avanti (Modern Ujain)
- 13. The Palas AD 750- 1126 Founder- Gopala Dharmapala –revived Nalanda University (Kumara Gupta) -200 Villages Revenue Dharmapala – established- Vikrasimhila University • Arab merchant Sulaiman visited • Followers of Buddhism- Mahayana
- 14. The Chedis of Tripuri AD 845- 1211 Founder- Kokkala-I Formally subordinate to the Pratihiras Region- between Narmada & Godavari
- 15. The Solankis AD 942-1243 Mulraj founded the dynasty Capital – Anhilwad (Present Patna)
- 16. The Eastern Gangas of the Orissa, AD 1038- 1434 Rudhi Gangas or Prachya Gangas Areas- Odisha, AP, CHJ &WB Capital – 1st- Dantapuram , 2nd- Kalinganagara Puri- Jagannah Temple, Konark Sun Temple
- 18. The Guhadwalas or Gahadavala 11th 12th Century The first monarch was Chandradeva of the dynasty Ruled parts of the present-day Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, during 11th and 12th centuries. Their capital was Varanasi and Kannauj Ruled over Southern Rajasthan up to Kannauj in UP Jaichandra (AD 1169-1194)- He Helped Mahammad of Ghori to defeat Prithvi Raj in AD 1192 He was killed by Muhammd Ghori in the battle
- 19. The Chauhans (Chahamanas) AD 957-1192 Ruled over Northern Rajasthan Capital City – Ajmer- Founded by Ajay Raj Chauhan Prithivi Raj Chauhan- Killed by Mohammad Ghori in the II Battle of Tarain. Poet- Chand Baradai– Prithviraj Raso
- 20. The Chandelas or Candellas (9th to 13th C) Yasovarma- Established as sovereign power Also called as Jejaka Bhukti dynisty
- 21. The Senas AD 1070 to 1230 The dynasty’s founder was Samanta Sena Capitals- Gauda, Bikrampur, Nadadwip, Lakhnauti & Vijaynagar Lakshman Sena- Poet Jaidev is famous for his work Gita Govindam Bhaktiyar Khalji defeated him in 1197 Death blow to Buddhism Senas were the last great patrons of Buddhism in India
- 23. KASHMIR Dynasties 1. The Karkota (c. 625 - 855 CE) - ruled over the Kashmir valley The Karkota rulers were Vaishnavas and constructed several Vishnu shrines in their dominions. They however also allowed Buddhism to flourish under them. Stupa, Chaitya and Vihara can be found in the ruins of their capital. Martand Sun Temple in the Anantnag district were built by Lalitaditya. 2. The Utpala dynisty - 9th to 10th century CE established by Avanti Varman- Capital: Avantipur
- 24. 3. Brahmin dynisty- 939-949- Yasaskara founded 4. The Poorva Gupta dynasty- 949-1003- Poorva Gupta established 5. Lohara Dynasty- 1003- 1101 6. Lohara Dynasty- II- 1101-1320
- 26. Chandelas of Jejakabhukti The 9th and the 13th centuries Nannuka (r. c. 831-845 CE), the founder of the dynasty From the 11th century onwards, the Chandelas faced raids by the northern Muslim dynasties, including the Ghaznavids and the Ghurids. most notably for the temples at their original capital Khajuraho Capital- Khajuraho, Kalanjara, Mahoba