The document summarizes the dynasties that ruled in India after the Mauryan Empire fell, including the Shunga, Kanva, and Chedi dynasties. The Shunga ruled northern India from 184-72 BCE with their capital at Pataliputra and Vidisha. They persecuted Buddhists. The Kanva dynasty overthrew the Shunga and ruled from 72-27 BCE. The Chedi dynasty ruled in Odisha from around 600-100 BCE, with their capital at Suktimati near the Mahanadi River. They traced their lineage back to the ancient Chedi kingdom and the ruler Rajarsi Vasu. An important king was Kharavela

1. POST MAURYAN DYNASTIES
Whole region divided into three different ruling regions:
1. North-West for Foreign Rulers- Indo-Greeks- upto Mathura
2. North India for Śuṅga-Kanva (The Age know as Revival of Brahminism)
3. South India for Satvahana
a. Centralized-De-centralized
b. Emergence of three dynasties on the north and one in the south
c. Revival of Brahamanis
d. Foreigner accepted the Vaishanava religion
e. Stalwarts like; Manu, Patanjali, Kalidas
f. Gigantic Buddhist Architecture
SHUNGA (184-72 BCE) – KANVA (72- 27 BCE)- SATVAHANA (235- 185 BCE)
First King- Pushyamitra Shunga (He was commander in Mauryan Infantry), He killed the last
ruler Brihdrath openly in front of the army.
Last King- Devabhuti/Devabhumi, who was killed by the Kanva king Vasudeva Kanve (He was
minister in Shunga Empire)
They ruled for 112 years
They had two capitals- Pataliputra (Bihar) (Up to Vajramitra times) and Vidisha (M.P.) (During
Bhagbhadra times)

2. Sources:
1. Literature[Indian-Foreign] (Religious-Brahminical, Buddhist, Jaina; Secular): Harshcharita of Banbhatt,
Malvikagnimitram of Kalidas, Purans (Harivansh, Vayu, Brahmand, Vishnu), Mahabhashya of Patanjali,
Manusmriti, Baudhayan Shrautsutra, Lattayayan Shrautsutra, Ashwalayan Shrautsutra, Brihadaranyak
Upnishad, Merutunga, Yugpuran of Gargi Samhita, Mayavritti of Abhayanadni, Arya-manju-sri-mul-
kalpa, Dibyawadan, Taranath, Strabo..
2. Archaeological [Epigraphs/Inscription/Edict/Copper Plate, Numismatics, Architecture- Art]:
a. Ayodhya Inscription of Dhandeva (Local ruler of Ayodhya who claimed to be the sixth descendant of
Pushyamitra Shunga- mentioned about the 02 Ashwamedh Yagya).
b. Besnagar Inscription of Heliodorus at Vidisha (Importance of pillar inscription) at the time of
Bhagwat (ninth ruler of this dynasty).
c. Kosal Inscription of Jyesthamitra.
d. Coins of Ruhelkhand and Ahichhatra (Agnimitra).
e. Buddhist Architectures of Sanchi, Bharahut, Bodhgaya.
S.N. King Reign (BCE) Achievements
1. Pushyamitra 184–149 Political
1. Reveal againstthe Muaryan kings;
2. War of Vidarbh againstYagyasen
3. War withDemetrius(IndoGreekking),Demetriussometimesidentifiedas
Menander(Mentionedinthe Mahabharataandthe Yuga Puranadescribe the
conflictbetweenthe Shungasandthe Indo-Greeks)….
Religious
Accordingto Arya-manju-sri-mul-kalpa, Ashokavadan(anaccountof
Dibyawadan),Taranath- Pushyamitraannouncedaboutthe killingof
monks…
the Asokavadana accountof the Divyavadana claimsthatthe Shungassent
an army to persecute Buddhistmonksasfar as Sakala(Sialkot) inthe Punjab
regioninthe northwest…... Pushyamitra equipped a fourfold army,and
intending to destroy the Buddhistreligion,he wentto
the Kukkutarama (in Pataliputra)....Pushyamitra thereforedestroyed
the sangharama,killed themonksthere,and departed....Aftersometime,
he arrived in Sakala,and proclaimed thathe would givea ... reward to
whoeverbroughthimthehead of a Buddhistmonk….
Similarly Pratisarga Parva of the Bhavishya Purana,mentionedaboutthe
killingof 01 millionmonks…
Duringthe timesof PushyamitraSanchi,Bharahut,BodhgayaBuddhist
architectureswere built…
2. Agnimitra 149–141 Malvik-agnimitram
3. Vasujyeshtha 141–131 STARTED DECLINE OF THE EMPIRE
Antiochus-Heliodorus-BesnagarGarunPillar
LAST RULER Killedbythe ShungacourtministerVasudeva.
4. Vasumitra 131–124
5. Bhadraka 124–122
6. Pulindaka 122–119
7. Ghosha 119-108
8. Vajramitra 108-94
9. Bhagabhadra 94-83
10. Devabhuti 83–72

3. KANVA (72- 27 BCE)
First King- Vasudeva (He was minister in Shunga dynasty), He killed and overthrown the last ruler
Devabhuti. Last King- Shusarman, who was killed by the Satvahana king Simuk (He was the founder of
Satvahan or Andhara Empire)
They ruled for 45 years
They had two capitals- Pataliputra (Bihar) or Vidisha (M.P.)
Kanva- This is a Gotra.
Sources:
Vishnupurana, Harshcharita
Rulers and their reign:
Vasudeva (c. 72/75 – c. 66 BCE)
Bhumimitra (c. 66 – c. 52 BCE)
Narayana (c. 52 – c. 40 BCE)
Susarman (c. 40 – c. 27/30 BCE)- He was killed by Balipuccha, who founded the Andhra dynasty.

4. CHEDI (600 BCE–100 BCE)
Also known as Cheta / Cheti / Chetavamsa/ Chedirashtra or Mahameghavahana or Aira
Mahameghavahana.
Kharavela (A name of the king of this dynasty), therefore, mentioned in his inscription that he enhanced
the glory of the dynasty of Chetaraja (Chetarajavasa Vadhanena).
Present Location:
Odisha
Source:
Brahmanic, Buddhist and Jaina literatures.
Hatigumpha Inscription of Kharwela (For Detail: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharavela)
Later and contemporary other short inscriptions found on the Udayagiri hill of Odisha.
Detail:
Earlier:
In the days of Buddha in sixth century B.C.E., the political map of India contained sixteen
Mahajanapadas. One of those Mahajanapadas was the Chedi territory which extended between the
rivers Jamuna and Narmada. The Chedi race seems to have moved to other places in course of time.
This fact proves that the Chedis of Kalinga were the descendants of the ancient Chedi race of India, so
prominently described in the Buddhist and Jaina literature.
Establishment of Dynasty:
Who established the kingdom: ?
Some said- Mahameghavahana
Some said- Abhichandra as Chedirashtra in the region of the Vindhyas- Jaina sources.
Capital: Suktimati-Puri on the bank of the river Suktimati.
This river has been identified by Alexander Cunningham with the river Mahanadi itself.
D.C. Sircar said that river Suktimati is Suktel which is a tributary of the Mahanadi (or of the Tel river).
The river Suktel flows into the river Tel which meets the river Mahanadi.
Successor:
Vasu:-The son and successor of king Abhichandra of Chedirashtra was King Vasu. Vasu seems to have
been a more powerful ruler, and he became famous for his pious deeds to earn the title of Rajarsi.
Chetaraja:- King Chetaraja was the immediate predecessor of Kharavela, ruling Kalinga.
Kharavela:- King Kharavela of Kalinga regarded Rajarsi Vasu as the founder of his dynasty and took
pride in describing himself in his Hatigumpha Inscription as a descendant of Rajarsi Vasu. Kharavela
belonged to the third generation of the Kalinga Chedi dynasty. He had two wives Vajiraghara and
according to Hatigumpha Inscription LALALK the Queen of Simhapatha, her father name was Hastisingh.
Kharavela described his achievements in the Hathigumpha inscription. The inscription talk about his 13th
year achievements and the work for the subject.
Kudepasiri:-Kudepasiri was the son of Kharavela and succeeded his illustrious father to the throne.
The dynasty also carried for its kings a grand designation or title, Mahameghavahana. The Chedi
dynasty of Kalinga, therefore, is also known as the Mahameghavahana Family.
Lesser Unknown Kings- Mahameghavahana, Aira (Prinsep and Rajendra Lai Mitra), Chetaraja.