The Post Mauryan period in India saw the emergence of regional dynasties as centralized control declined after the fall of the Mauryan Empire. Three major dynasties arose in different regions of North and South India between 200 BCE to 300 CE. In North India, the Shunga and Kanva dynasties ruled, while in South India, the Satavahanas held power. The Shungas ruled from their capitals of Pataliputra and Vidisha for over 100 years until being replaced by the Kanvas. In Odisha and parts of eastern India, the Chedi dynasty, with rulers like Kharavela, dominated local politics. During this period, Hinduism and
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is for students only.
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is for students only.
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This presentation is all about classical age or golden age of indian history. It consist of dynastic history from srigupta to skandagupta, their administration,art and architecture, how "golden" was golden age. Hope you'll find it helpful.
thank you
We are here to provide you with information about the ancient history of Uttarakhand so that you can learn more about it. According to local mythology, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata were written here, and the Pandavas arrived here. Although people have lived in this area since the beginning of time, we know very little about its past.
The Katyuri Dynasties, Chand Dynasties, Gorkharaj, and British have all ruled Uttarakhand in addition to its two current divisions (Kumaun and Garhwal). The Gorkha dynasty ruled from 1790 AD, the Chand dynasty from 770 AD to 2500 BC, and the Katyuri dynasty from 770 AD.
Ashoka- The Great _History of SubcontinentAqib Syed
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This Documentary was a project of History of Sub Continent. Dr Zabir Saeed Badar are supporting the "batch of 2019 BBA (hons) Semester 7".
BBA Semester 7 (Batch 2015-2019)
GroupMembers:
Hamza Walayat
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Documenting rock art sites is crucial for preserving and understanding humanity's ancient cultural heritage. The presentation delves into the scientific documentation process of rock art, exploring its significance, methods, and implications for future generations. The presentation begins by defining documentation and its importance in recording and preserving rock art sites for posterity. It highlights the necessity of documentation, emphasising its role in safeguarding cultural heritage and facilitating scholarly research. The immense value of documentation for future generations is underscored, emphasising its role in preserving invaluable evidence of our ancestors' artistic expressions and cultural practices. Various documentation methods are discussed, from traditional approaches to modern scientific techniques. The presentation reviews previous attempts at rock art documentation, identifying important works and methodologies employed by scholars in the field. It outlines a comprehensive documentation process, starting with planning and preparation and ending with on-site data collection, analysis and off-site table work and lab analysis.
Case studies are presented to illustrate the application of the documentation process, providing insights into the practical aspects of rock art research. The presentation also discusses ethical considerations and guiding principles for conducting insightful and culturally sensitive rock art research. The importance of assembling a multidisciplinary team is emphasised, highlighting the diverse expertise required for a holistic understanding of rock art sites. Detailed lists of general accessories and scientific equipment are provided for field and laboratory work. The presentation offers a final mantra for successful rock art research, emphasising patience, in-depth site understanding, multidisciplinary collaboration, and ethical engagement with local communities. By adhering to these principles, researchers can contribute to preserving and interpreting humanity's ancient cultural heritage for generations to come.
This PPT is for educational purpose not for commercial and not even for API purpose.
This is prepared for the students of art, architecture and archaeology.
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
3. Whole region
divided into three
different ruling
regions:
• North-West for
Foreign Rulers-
Indo-Greeks- upto
Mathura
• North India for
Śuṅga-Kanva (The
Age know as
Revival of
Brahminism)
• South India for
Satvahana
4. Heliodorus pillar
• Erected around 113 BCE in
Vidisha, MP.
• Part of an ancient Vāsudeva
temple site.
• Earliest known writings
of Vāsudeva-Krishna devotion
and early Vaishnavism and are
considered the first archeological
evidence of its existence
• The pillar is also one of the
earliest surviving records of a
foreign convert into Vaishnavism.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliodorus_pillar
13. SHUNGA Dynasty: Basics
• First King- Pushyamitra Shunga (He was commander in
Mauryan Infantry), He killed the last ruler Brihdrath
openly in front of the army.
• Last King- Devabhuti/Devabhumi, who was killed by
the Kanva king Vasudeva Kanve (He was minister in
Shunga Empire)
• They ruled for 112 years
• They had two capitals- Pataliputra (Bihar) (Up to
Vajramitra times) and Vidisha (M.P.) (During
Bhagbhadra times)
14. • Literature [Indian-Foreign] (Religious-Brahminical, Buddhist, Jaina; Secular):
Harshcharita of Banbhatt, Malvikagnimitram of Kalidas, Purans (Harivansh, Vayu,
Brahmand, Vishnu), Mahabhashya of Patanjali, Manusmriti, Baudhayan
Shrautsutra, Lattayayan Shrautsutra, Ashwalayan Shrautsutra, Brihadaranyak
Upnishad, Merutunga, Yugpuran of Gargi Samhita, Mayavritti of Abhayanadni,
Arya-manju-sri-mul-kalpa, Dibyawadan, Taranath, Strabo..
• Archaeological [Epigraphs/Inscription/Edict/Copper Plate,
Numismatics, Architecture- Art]:
– Ayodhya Inscription of Dhandeva (Local ruler of Ayodhya who
claimed to be the sixth descendant of Pushyamitra Shunga-
mentioned about the 02 Ashwamedh Yagya).
– Besnagar Inscription of Heliodorus at Vidisha (Importance of pillar
inscription) at the time of Bhagwat (ninth ruler of this dynasty).
– Kosal Inscription of Jyesthamitra.
– Coins of Ruhelkhand and Ahichhatra (Agnimitra).
– Buddhist Architectures of Sanchi, Bharahut, Bodhgaya.
SHUNGA Dynasty: Sources
15. Pushyamitra (184–149 BCE)
Political
1. Reveal against the Muaryan kings;
2. War of Vidarbh against Yagyasen
3. War with Demetrius (Indo Greek king), Demetrius sometimes identified as
Menander (Mentioned in the Mahabharata and the Yuga Purana describe the
conflict between the Shungas and the Indo-Greeks)….
Religious
• According to Arya-manju-sri-mul-kalpa, Ashokavadan (an account of Dibyawadan),
Taranath- Pushyamitra announced about the killing of monks…
• the Asokavadana account of the Divyavadana claims that the Shungas sent an army to
persecute Buddhist monks as far as Sakala (Sialkot) in the Punjab region in the northwest…
... Pushyamitra equipped a fourfold army, and intending to destroy the Buddhist religion, he
went to the Kukkutarama (in Pataliputra). ... Pushyamitra therefore destroyed
the sangharama, killed the monks there, and departed. ... After some time, he arrived
in Sakala, and proclaimed that he would give a ... reward to whoever brought him the head
of a Buddhist monk….
• Similarly Pratisarga Parva of the Bhavishya Purana, mentioned about the killing of 01
million monks…
• During the times of Pushyamitra; Sanchi, Bharahut, Bodhgaya Buddhist architectures were
built…
16. Later Rulers
1 Agnimitra 149–141 BCE Malvik-agnimitram
2 Vasujyeshtha 141–131 BCE STARTED DECLINE OF THE
EMPIRE
Antiochus-Heliodorus-
Besnagar Garun Pillar
LAST RULER Killed by the
Shunga court minister
Vasudeva.
3 Vasumitra 131–124 BCE
4 Bhadraka 124–122 BCE
5 Pulindaka 122–119 BCE
6 Ghosha 119-108 BCE
7 Vajramitra 108-94 BCE
8
Bhagabhadra 94-83 BCE
9
Devabhuti 83–72 BCE
18. • First King- Vasudeva (He was minister in Shunga dynasty), He
killed and overthrown the last ruler Devabhuti.
• Last King- Shusarman, who was killed by the Satvahana king
Simuk (He was the founder of Satvahan or Andhara Empire)
• They ruled for 45 years
• They had two capitals- Pataliputra (Bihar) or Vidisha (M.P.)
NOMENCLATURE- Kanva- This is a Gotra.
Sources:
• Vishnupurana, Harshcharita
Rulers and their reign:
• Vasudeva (c. 72/75 – c. 66 BCE)
• Bhumimitra (c. 66 – c. 52 BCE)
• Narayana (c. 52 – c. 40 BCE)
• Susarman (c. 40 – c. 27/30 BCE)- He was killed by Balipuccha,
who founded the Andhra dynasty.
22. Important Ruler: Kharavela (A name of the king of
this dynasty), therefore, mentioned in his
inscription that he enhanced the glory of the
dynasty of Chetaraja (Chetarajavasa Vadhanena).
Present Location: Odisha and Andhra Pradesh
Source:
• Brahmanic, Buddhist and Jaina literatures.
• Hatigumpha Inscription of Kharwela
(For Detail: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharavela)
• Later and contemporary other short inscriptions
found on the Udayagiri hill of Odisha.
24. Detail:
Earlier:
In the days of Buddha in sixth century B.C.E., the political map of India
contained sixteen Mahajanapadas. One of those Mahajanapadas was the
Chedi territory which extended between the rivers Jamuna and Narmada.
The Chedi race seems to have moved to other places in course of time.
This fact proves that the Chedis of Kalinga were the descendants of the
ancient Chedi race of India, so prominently described in the Buddhist and
Jaina literature.
Establishment of Dynasty:
Who established the kingdom: ?
Some said- Mahameghavahana
Some said- Abhichandra as Chedirashtra in the region of the Vindhyas- Jaina
sources.
Capital: Suktimati-Puri on the bank of the river Suktimati.
• This river has been identified by Alexander Cunningham with the river
Mahanadi itself.
D.C. Sircar said that river Suktimati is Suktel which is a tributary of the
Mahanadi (or of the Tel river). The river Suktel flows into the river Tel
which meets the river Mahanadi.
25. Successor:
• Vasu:-The son and successor of king Abhichandra of Chedirashtra was King Vasu. Vasu
seems to have been a more powerful ruler, and he became famous for his pious deeds to
earn the title of Rajarsi.
• Chetaraja:- King Chetaraja was the immediate predecessor of Kharavela, ruling Kalinga.
• Kharavela:- King Kharavela of Kalinga regarded Rajarsi Vasu as the founder of his
dynasty and took pride in describing himself in his Hatigumpha Inscription as a
descendant of Rajarsi Vasu. Kharavela belonged to the third generation of the Kalinga
Chedi dynasty. He had two wives Vajiraghara and according to Hatigumpha Inscription
LALALK the Queen of Simhapatha, her father name was Hastisingh. Kharavela described
his achievements in the Hathigumpha inscription. The inscription talk about his 13th year
achievements and the work for the subject.
• Kudepasiri:-Kudepasiri was the son of Kharavela and succeeded his illustrious father to
the throne.
• The dynasty also carried for its kings a grand designation or title, Mahameghavahana.
The Chedi dynasty of Kalinga, therefore, is also known as the Mahameghavahana
Family.
• Lesser Unknown Kings- Mahameghavahana, Aira (Prinsep and Rajendra Lai Mitra),
Chetaraja.