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Similar to 1 hrly gs ch 01 solar system part 2
1 hrly gs ch 01 solar system part 2
- 1. By Composition • Terrestrial orRocky planets – – – – – – • Solid surfaces Composed primarily of rock Have relatively high densities Slow rotation No rings Few satellites Examples: – Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars
- 2. • Jovian orGas planets – Composed primarily of hydrogen and helium – Generally have low densities – Rapid rotation – Rings – Lots of satellites • Examples: – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
- 3. • Small planets By Size – • • Example: –Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars Big planets – • Have diameters less than 13000 km Have diameters greater than 48000 km Example: – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune
- 4. By Relative Position fromSun • The asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter forms the boundary between the inner solar system and the outer solar system • Inner Planets: – Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars • Outer planets: – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
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- 8. Properties of DwarfPlanet • Must orbit the Sun • Does not emit light • Must be smaller than 3031 miles in diameter • Large enough so that its own gravity pulls it into the shape of sphere • Due to weaker gravity, it is unable to clear out its orbit
- 9. List of DwarfPlanets Following is the list of dwarf planets: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Eris Pluto Makemake Haumea Ceres
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- 13. Eris • Largest knowndwarf planet • The most distant member of our solar system – 3 times farther out than Pluto • Moon 1
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- 15. • The godof the dead and underworld Pluto – Because it is dark and desolate • Formerly the smallest of the nine "traditional" planets • But in 2006, it was demoted to dwarf planet status • Second largest dwarf planet
- 16. • Moon 3 – Largest moon is called Charon, which is half the size of Pluto • Unusual orbit – Once every 248 Earth years, Pluto swings inside the orbit of Neptune – It stays there for twenty years – During those twenty years, Pluto is closer to the Sun than Neptune
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- 19. Makemake • Pronounced mah-kee-mah-kee •Located in the Kuiper Belt • Third largest dwarf planet • Appears reddish in color • Moon None
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- 23. Haumea • Found inthe Kuiper Belt • Has an ellipsoidal; not a sphere – Its ellipsoidal shape is thought to result from its rapid rotation • In much the same way that a water balloon stretches out when tossed with a spin, and not from a lack of sufficient gravity to overcome the compressive strength of its material
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- 25. Ceres • Located in theasteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter • When Ceres was first discovered – – – – It was called a comet Then called a planet Then called an asteroid Since 2006, it has been called a dwarf planet
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- 27. Moon Definition: – A celestialbody that makes an orbit around a planet, including the eight major planets, dwarf planets, and minor planets • Also referred as planet’s natural satellite • More than 170 known natural satellites • Moon is much smaller than its planet
- 28. Other Celestial Bodies Chapter- 17 Solar System
- 29. Other Celestial Bodies •Discuss the following celestial bodies: – Comet – Asteroid – Meteoroid – Black Hole
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- 31. Comet Definition – A celestialobject consisting of a nucleus of ice and dust and, when near the sun, a “tail” of gas and dust particles pointing away from the sun • Orbits around the sun • Comets have a coma or a tail • They are composed of dirt and ices
- 32. • A small,active celestial body • Comets are characterized by dust and gas tails when in proximity to the Sun • However, far from the Sun it is difficult to distinguish an asteroid from a comet
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- 35. Asteroid Definition – A relativelysmall, inactive body, composed of rock, carbon or metal, which is orbiting the Sun. • Asteroids are rocky • Most of them exist in the asteroid belt located between Jupiter and Mars
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- 37. Meteoroid Definition: – A smallparticle from an asteroid or comet orbiting the Sun
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- 39. Meteor Definition – Literal meaning The flash of light you see – A meteoroid that is observed as it burns up in the Earth's atmosphere a shooting star • They are asteroids that have succumbed to earths gravity
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- 41. Meteorite Definition: – A meteoroidthat survives its passage through the Earth's atmosphere and impacts the Earth's surface • Its size can vary from big boulders to tiny rocks
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- 44. Black Hole • Definition: –It is an area in space where gravity is so strong that even light cannot escape from it. Since light cannot escape from a black hole, it appears black • A black hole is not really a hole and it is not empty • It is filled with a lot of material crammed into an extremely small space
- 45. • The termblack hole is used because these objects look like black holes in space - since they put out no light • How do black holes form? – When a large star runs out of fuel it can no longer support its heavy weight. – The pressure from the star's massive layers of hydrogen press down forcing the star to get smaller and smaller and smaller. – Eventually the star will get even smaller than an atom. – Imagine that for a moment, an entire star squashed up into less space than a tiny atom
- 46. • If youmake something smaller by squishing it, its gravity becomes much stronger. Imagine then, if you squish a star into the size of an atom how powerful its gravity would become • A black hole's gravity becomes so powerful that anything, including light that gets too close, gets pulled in
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- 48. Galaxy Definition: – A groupof millions of stars that are relatively near each other • Most stars seem to be in one or another galaxy • Example: – Earth's own star, the Sun, is in the Milky Way galaxy
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- 50. Light Year Definition – Alight year is the distance between two points in space that it would take light to travel when the distance between the two points in time are one year
- 51. • Light travelsat 186,000 miles every second • How big is this number? – Write 1 number/second for 8hrs a day without stopping Would take 6 & 1/2 days to get to that number – If you go back and fourth across the U.S. 66 times with an average speed of 60miles/hour Would take 1 year and 3weeks
- 52. • • • • 1 1 1 1 year = 365days day = 24 hours hour = 60 minutes minute = 60 seconds No. of seconds = 60 x 60 x 24 x 365 in 1 year = 31,536,000 sec
- 53. Number of mileslight travels in one year = 186,000 x 31,536,000 = 5,865,696,000,000 miles
- 54. • The closeststar is 4 light years away = 4 x 5,865,696,000,000 = 23,462,784,000,000 miles • Edge of universe is 15 billion light years away • How far is it?