The document discusses various theories and perspectives on dreams throughout history. It provides details on:
1) Ancient Egyptian theories that dreams were messages from gods and priests would interpret dreams for guidance. Greeks also believed dreams carried divine messages.
2) Sigmund Freud's theory that dreams reflect deepest desires from childhood. Carl Jung disagreed and believed dreams fulfill unconscious wishes.
3) Common dream symbols and their potential meanings such as the sun indicating important people, rain indicating blessings, and trees representing leaders.
4) Types of dreams according to Islamic tradition - true dreams, thoughts during the day, and dreams from Satan. Dreams can have positive or negative meanings.
Characteristics of The Hypocrites - English
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HYPOCRITES
By Abdul Ghany Jahangeer Khan
Central French Desk
The Holy Qur’an is a complete book, one of magnificence and wonder, which
gives a detailed description of all the main characteristics of the believers,
disbelievers and hypocrites. By measuring themselves against this description,
anyone can easily determine which of the three groups they belong to.
It is known that from the dawn of time, Prophets, Messengers and their
Caliphs have faced opposition. Sometimes the hostility was shown by external
adversaries, those who preferred disbelief to belief. At times, the antagonism
came from enemies within the community of believers; in other words,
hypocrites. The latter are more vicious than common disbelievers, for they
conceal their attacks on Prophets, Messengers and Caliphs within the veils of
deceit and trickery. Obedience is a thing they simply cannot abide. They
believe, in their pride and arrogance, that they are superior to Prophets,
Messengers and their Caliphs. This transpires from the following verse:
وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ أَبَى وَاسْتَكْبَرَ وَكَانَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ
[2:35] And remember the time when We said to the angels: ‘Submit to Adam,’ and
they all submitted. But Iblis did not. He refused and was too proud; and he was of the
disbelievers.
Thus it appears that Iblis represents any individual who refuses to bear the
yoke of obedience and not only announces his rebellion but preaches it to his
comrades as well. The deluded wretch believes he is greater than the
Prophets, Messengers and Caliphs; and proclaiming his superiority, he tells his
companions: “We are better than they.” We read in the next verse:
Characteristics of The Hypocrites - English
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HYPOCRITES
By Abdul Ghany Jahangeer Khan
Central French Desk
The Holy Qur’an is a complete book, one of magnificence and wonder, which
gives a detailed description of all the main characteristics of the believers,
disbelievers and hypocrites. By measuring themselves against this description,
anyone can easily determine which of the three groups they belong to.
It is known that from the dawn of time, Prophets, Messengers and their
Caliphs have faced opposition. Sometimes the hostility was shown by external
adversaries, those who preferred disbelief to belief. At times, the antagonism
came from enemies within the community of believers; in other words,
hypocrites. The latter are more vicious than common disbelievers, for they
conceal their attacks on Prophets, Messengers and Caliphs within the veils of
deceit and trickery. Obedience is a thing they simply cannot abide. They
believe, in their pride and arrogance, that they are superior to Prophets,
Messengers and their Caliphs. This transpires from the following verse:
وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ أَبَى وَاسْتَكْبَرَ وَكَانَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ
[2:35] And remember the time when We said to the angels: ‘Submit to Adam,’ and
they all submitted. But Iblis did not. He refused and was too proud; and he was of the
disbelievers.
Thus it appears that Iblis represents any individual who refuses to bear the
yoke of obedience and not only announces his rebellion but preaches it to his
comrades as well. The deluded wretch believes he is greater than the
Prophets, Messengers and Caliphs; and proclaiming his superiority, he tells his
companions: “We are better than they.” We read in the next verse:
This is the latest set of slides for the Romancing the Gothic course from the lesson 'I never saw a Ghost except once in a Dream: A History of Gothic Dreams.' It provides an overview of some dream beliefs, the Gothic depiction of Gothic dreams and some examples of the dream and the 'fantastic' in 19th century Gothic.
As dreams are our daily experiences, who is not interested to know how and why dreams occur? We generally think that dreams are recollection of immediate and past experiences, repeating in sleep. Well, it is a very general conception; a more scientific enquiry into the theory of dream is too expedient.
How to understand the dreams that your children have using a Biblical understanding.
--Where do your childrens dreams come from?
--What can you do about nightmares?
--How can you help them to understand their dreams (even if you do not know how to
interpret them)
--How can you help them to grow in this spiritual gift?
dreams and their meanings-all about ONEIROLOGYPulkit Dwivedi
dreaming takes off about 336 hours of our lives if we all live for 97 years.Every single sleep of our's, even for babies of 1 or 2, take at least 1 minute of dreaming- let's learn at least something about them...
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. WHAT ARE
DREAMS?
Dream is a word used to describe the
subconscious experience of a sequence of
images, sounds, ideas, emotions, or other
sensations usually during sleep, especially
REM sleep.
• It is known that dreams are strongly
associated with REM sleep.
3.
Ancient Egyptian Theories:
Originally
dreams were thought to be part of the
supernatural world. Dreams were messages from
the gods sent to the villagers during the night
perhaps as an early warning device for disaster or
good fortune. From what we can tell, the
Egyptians certainly were the first dreamers to
attempt interpretation of their dreams, because
of the fact that they published a book on some of
the conclusions they had come to about dream
symbols. In fact, Egypt was where the process of
"dream incubation" began. When a person was
having troubles in their life and wanted help from
their god, they would sleep in a temple, when they
would wake the next morning a priest, which was
then called a Master of the Secret Things, would be
consulted for the interpretations of that night's
dreams.
4.
Greek Philosophy on Dreaming:
The Greeks didn't begin seriously considering dreams until 8th century
BC.
Homer, in his Iliad, describes a scene wherein Agamemnon receives
instructions from the messenger of Zeus in a dream. Greeks also
believed that dreams carried divine messages, but they could only
be interpreted with the aid of a priest similar to those Egyptians.
Dreams also aided in their practice of medicine, sending sick people to
particular temples in those places where the "gods of the body" had
their shrines. The ailing Greeks would visit these temples, perform
various religious rites, sleep, and hope to have a dream that assured
a return to good health. Night after night they would sleep and
sometimes this would go on for weeks or even months until they
had the "right" dream.
5.
6.
Sigmund Freud:
Freud's idea was that our dreams were reflection of our
deepest desires going back to our childhood. To
Freud, no dream was of entertainment value, they all
held important meanings.
Carl Jung:
A student of Freud for some time, disagreed on the theory.
Jung believed that dreams reminded us of our wishes,
which enables us to realize the things we
unconsciously yearn for, and helps us to fulfill our
own wishes.
Today, most psychologists agree with Jung's theory, and
it is this theory that makes dream interpretation
something that we can use in our everyday live.
7.
REM stands for “rapid eye
movement”
REM sleep is a state of
sleep in which brain
activity is most like
wakefulness.
Adult humans spend about
a quarter of their sleep time
in REM (approximately 90120 minutes), much of it
dreaming.
8.
During a typical night, humans experience 4 or 5
periods of REM sleep (short periods at the
beginning of the night and longer periods as the
night progresses).
Amount of REM sleep varies with age- a newborn
baby typically spends more than 80% of total sleep
time in REM.
9.
REM sleep behavior disorder is a sleep disorder in
which you appear to physically act out vivid, often
unpleasant dreams with abnormal vocal sounds and
movements during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
You normally don't move during REM sleep, a normal
stage of sleep that occurs many times during the night.
You may have other sleep disorders with REM sleep
behavior disorder. REM sleep behavior disorder often
may be associated with other neurological conditions,
including Lewy body dementia, Parkinson's
disease and multiple system atrophy.
10.
Lewy body dementia:
Causes a progressive decline in mental
abilities. It may also cause visual
hallucinations, which generally take the
form of objects, people or animals that
aren't there.
Parkinson's disease:
Affects your movement and may cause
shaking (tremor), muscle stiffness
(inflexibility), slowing of movement .
Multiple system atrophy:
Affects many areas of your brain and
nervous system. Multiple system
atrophy potentially impairs your body's
systems that modulate your blood
pressure, heart rate.
11.
MANIFEST DREAM CONTENT:
What we remember about the dream.
LATENT DREAM CONTENT:
The actual thoughts and emotions in the
unconscious dream.
12.
Freud proposed that dreams protect sleep,
which might be disturbed by the arousal
of unacceptable wishes.
Ferenzi proposed that dreams may
communicate something that is not being
said outright (subconscious thoughts).
Dreams may remove parasitic nodes and
other "junk" from the mind during sleep.
Dreams may also create new ideas
through the generation from random to
advance.
Some researchers have found that
dreaming can also help people find
solutions to elusive problems.
13.
14. There are 3 types of dreams: Imam at-Tirmidhi رحمه الnarrates from
Muhammad Ibn Sirin رحمه الwho narrates from Abu Hurairah رضي ال تعالى
عنهthat Prophet صلى ال عليه وسلمsaid, “There are three types of dreams:
1)True
Dreams
2) A dream in which a person is speaking to himself (i.e. whatever you were
thinking about in the day time, you see at night)
3)A dream from shaytaan in which he wants to make you sad ”
Abu Salamah رضي ال عنهonce said, “Sometimes I would see a dream that
would be heavier on me than carrying a mountain. But since I heard this
hadith I wouldn’t care about the bad dream I would see.”
Narrated Abu Sa‘id Al-Khudri :رضي ال عنهThe Prophet صلى ال عليه و سلم
said, "If anyone of you sees a dream that he likes, then it is from Allah, and
he should thank Allah for it and narrate it to others; but if he sees something
else, i.e., a dream that he dislikes, then it is from Satan, and he should seek
refuge with Allah from its evil, and he should not mention it to anybody, for
it will not harm him." [Sahih Muslim]
15. •The
sun indicates agreat man, such
as king, governer,father,master,son,
husband or relative. Its also indicative
of wealth, possessions, goodness,
livelihood and gold.
•If a person sees a sun is with him or
on his head or that if he speaks to him
or sees it in his house etc something
good will happen to him with regard
to one of the people mentioned and
his income will increase.
•If a man dreams that the sun turns
into yellow he will become sick.
If he dreams it turns black, this is
indicative of enemy.
16.
If a person sees the moon in his house (in a
dream) then the one who was absent will
come to him.
Eclipse of either indicative of death of
whoever is indicated of prominent people,
or indicative of dismissal from his post or
death of parents and wives or loss of
livelihood or disturbing rumors or bad news.
17. •Fighting
between the sun
and the moon is indicative of
war and that kings prevail.
If he sees that happening
during the day then the sun is
going to prevail and the
people of truth will prevail.
•But
if he sees it during the
night then the moon is going
to prevail and the people of
falsehood are going to
prevail, because the moon is
connected to the darkness.
18. • They were created from a smokeless flame of fire.
•Seeing a devil in a dream is indicative of thief a promiscuous
widow or a treacherous (double cross) liar .
•If he dreams that jinn attack him in his house then thieves will
attack him.
19. •If
he dreams that he turns into a jinn he will become more
treacherous (double cross)
•If
jinn stood near his house then some destructions will
occur.
•If
he dreams that he is fighting with satan his religious
commitment will improve.
•If
satan beat him or sees satan happy then his religious
commitment will deteriorate( decline).
20. RAIN:
Rain is indicative of good and
blessing .
Rain may also be indicative of
worries.
“Because of inconvenience of
rain”(AL-NISA 4:95).
The word water is that
indicative of relief
“And We send down blessed
water (rain)from the
sky”( QAAF 50:9).
21. •CLOUDS:
Clouds represents a just and merciful ruler who will be
good for the strong and the weak and will be kind to them
or it represents a wise scholar.
•If a person dreams that he turns into a cloud he will
acquire wealth or knowledge and people will get benefit
from his wealth or knowledge.
•If a man dreams that he has a rain loud in his hand he
will acquire wisdom and speak of it.
•If he dreams that he is a cloud he will acquire Halal
wealth or beneficial knowledge.
•If he dreams that he is mixing with clouds and not taking
anything from it, then he will mix a knowledgeable
person without realizing it.
22. RAINBOW:
•If
the rainbow looks green that is
indicative of security from and
injustice from the ruler.
•If
it looks yellow that is
indicative of disease
•If
its red that’s indicative of
bloodshed.
23. GARDENS,TREES,
WATER &
FLOODS
•If a sick person dreams that he entered an unknown
garden that indicates that he will die and enter
Paradise.
•Entering in unknown garden is indicative of grief and
dismissal of the goverrner.
•If there are unknown trees in it that is indicative of
arguments.
24. TREES:
•Tress are indicative of a king their
leaves represent his troops and
weapons, while their fruits represents
his wealth.
•The bark of a tree refers to
inheritance from the dead.
•If a person dreams that he planted a
tree ,if he planted it out of a season or
in place with no water that person
indicated may go through troubles or
even die.
•If he dreams that he is up a tree he
will be safe fro what he was watching
out for.
25. WATER:
•Water refers to a good life.
•Bitter water -trouble and hard life
•Black water drinking it signifies loss of vision, seeing
it in the house means that the house is going to be
destroyed
•Blackish water -troubles in life
•Foul smelling water -Haraam wealth.
•Yellow water -sickness
•Cloudy water-hardships
•Pure water- if he enjoys drinking it he will relief from
sickness.
•Running water in winter and fall is a good sign
•But in spring summer it is a bad sign also indicates
loss of wealth etc
26. •If
•If
the flood benefits the people that is indicative of good
people harmed by floods that is indicative of
something bad.
•The mud that results from a flood is indicative of distress
•The one who walks through it will get a great deal of
distress.
27. •If
a person dreams that he
builds a house then
something good will happen
to him that will befit
(suitable) him.
•If a person dreams that he
enters an unknown house and
doesn’t come back he will
die.
•But if e does come out of it,
he will almost die and then
will recover.
28. DEATH AND DYING
•If
a person dreams that he died and didn’t look good he will be
faced trouble like sickness, imprisonment etc.
•If he dreams that he died without being ill and without looking
dead he will live a long life.
•If he thinks in a dream that he will never die he will be killed in
Jihaad.
29. •If
he dreams that he died on a carpet
he will have luxuries of this world.
•If
he dies on a bed he will rise in
status.
•If
he dies on mattress he will get
something good from his family.