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Notes #1- Geography, Early Greece, Polis, Govt, Homer, Religion, Daily Life

The document provides background information on early Greece and its city-states. It describes the geography of Greece, including its location on the Balkan Peninsula with a coastline along the Aegean Sea. The mountains made farming difficult so the Greeks relied on fishing, sailing, and trade. This geography also led to the development of separate city-states rather than a large kingdom. Each city-state had its own government, laws, and identity. Democracy first developed in Athens, where only landowning men could vote. The document also summarizes aspects of religion, mythology, and daily life in ancient Greece.

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The birthplace of Western Civilization
Geography  The southern part of the Balkan Peninsula  Aegean Sea  Coastline= natural harbors  Mountains make the land very hard to farm> Therefore, they are fishers, sailors, and traders  Geography led Greeks to find colonies
Geography  Mountains & Valleys  Kept villages apart  Instead of a large kingdom/empire they formed separate citystates  People felt loyalty towards their city-state instead of Greece (I’m not Greek, I’m an Athenian)
Climate  Very mild climate  Spent much time outdoors  They attended public events & conducted government outside
Early Greece Minoans- 2500 BCE  Crete (island southern Greece)  Palace in Knossos ! Amazeing.  Named after King Minos  Walls covered in colorful Frescoes: paintings Minoans curled their hair and wore gold belts around their waists  Poor soil on Crete- Trade for     food Wrote in Linear B Bull Jumping! (religion) No evidence of fighting 1620 BCE Volcano causes tidal waves that weaken the city! Labyrinth= maze
Early Greece Mycenaens  Migrated from Europe/Asia  Intermarried with the locals  controlled mainland Greece  Adopted Minoan culture ( through trade)  Writing (Lin.B) and some religious beliefs  They were ruled by powerful warrior kings  Built fort-like cities on the Peloponnesus (hand-shaped)  1100BCE earthquakes weakened> then warfare
Early Greece Dorians  They eventually move back  Entered through the North  300 years  Known as the Greek “Dark Ages!”  Overseas trade stops, poverty, skills diminish, people move to Ionia and bring culture with them  New civilization emerged with early Greek elements called Hellenic!  After the original settlers of mainland Greece
Polis=Greek City-State  Represented the center of Greek identity  Citizens were intensely loyal to their polis  Fight and die for it!  Greece was a civilization, not an empire.
The Greek City-States… How were the city-states different?  Each had its own…  Government  Laws  Calendar  Money  Weights/ measures How were they the same?  They shared …  The Greek language  Religious ideas  Festivals
 Each city-state consisted of the city and the land around it.  Free, adult males had citizenship rights  Each polis was built around an acropolis, a fortified hill with a temple on it.  Near the acropolis was the agora, public square!  Markets  Political Center
We have decisions to make…  IF, I was to bring in a small snack for the class, which type of snack would you like me to bring in??? A. Candy 1. 2. 3. Chocolate Something Sweet Something Sour B. Cookies 1. 2. Chocolate Chip Sugar
Government The first type of government in Ancient Greece was a Monarchy 1.  ….landowners who had money for armies and weapons gained power These wealthy nobles (Aristocrats) take power from chiefs/ kings and control Greek society and an Oligarchy is formed. 2. • 3. Oligarchy= rule by few Tyrants have the support of the people and take power illegally.  In some cases, the tyrant became unjust. Tyrant become known as ruling cruelly and with absolute power .
 Some city-states overthrew their tyrants. 4. Democracy  1st in Athens! People take part in the government.  Only men who owned land could vote  No women or non-citizens
Religion  Polytheism  Looks to explain To explain these Greeks  Nature used Myths (Greek  Human emotions Mythology)  To bring benefits  Afterlife: souls go to the underworld with Hades  Main gods lived on Mount Olympus  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FyT3A4vi6cw  Oracles: The way in which gods to speak to humans.  People would travel to hear messages and predictions
Homer  Homer: blind poet c. 700 BCE  Wrote two epics  Iliad and the Odyssey  Iliad: Trojan War/Trojan horse: Trojan Prince take Mycenaean King’s wife  Odyssey: Mycenaean King Odysseus is on the way home from war to see his wife Penelope. It takes him 10 years to return. During that time he faces many adventures and interferences from the gods. Is gets home and is reunited with Penelope!.      Shipwrecks- Poseidon One-eyed giant- Cyclops Sea-monsters Trip to the underworld-Hades Temptations by sea nymphs You’ll read this in English! Yay!   Schools in Ancient Greece used this epics to teach Hellenic (Greek) values!
Daily life in Athens Army  Phalanx- rows of soldiers using their shields to form a wall Economy= Trade  Imports: goods being brought in  Export: goods being sent out  Colonies- supplied city-state with wheat and barley  Terrace Farming: cutting flat layers into hills for farming  Main crops: Olives (olive oil), Grapes (wine) Education- Young boys were taught grammar, music, gov’t, math, ethics, rhetoric