The document provides information about the contributions of Ancient Greece and Rome. It discusses how they influenced architecture through the Greek use of columns and Roman use of arches. It also discusses how they influenced government, with Greece being the birthplace of democracy and Rome establishing a representative democracy. Both civilizations made contributions to sports as well, with the Olympics originating in Ancient Greece.

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Comparing – means looking for similarities (What is the same?)
Contrasting – means looking for differences (What is different?)

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By Ms. Weinberg
Ancient Greece & Rome

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The people of Ancient Greece &
Rome made many contributions to
today’s society.
Some of those contributions were in:
Architecture
government
Sport s

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A contribution is
the act of giving or doing something
***The ancient Greeks & Romans made
contributions
by giving people today ideas for architecture,
government, and sports.

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The Greeks used columns when they
designed many buildings.
This is a picture of the Parthenon in
Greece.
This is a column

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The Romans used arches when they
constructed (made) buildings.
This is the Colosseum in Rome.
This is an arch

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This is an arch
The Romans used arches when they
constructed (made) aqueducts.

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Not only did the people of Ancient Greece &
Rome influence architecture, they also
influenced Art.
Many Greek & Roman buildings display mosaics
and sculptures.
Can you
see the
many
tiles in
this
mosaic?

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Have you ever heard of the Olympics?
You have probably enjoyed watching the
athletes compete in the Winter Olympics as
well as the Summer Olympics.
The Olympic Games began back in Ancient
Greece.

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So far we have learned how the Greeks
and Romans influenced architecture
and sports. We will learn about one
more way they made a contribution to
the people of today.

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***Our government is based on ideas
from Ancient Greece & Rome.
***We call Greece “The Birthplace of
Democracy.”
***A democracy is a government ruled by the
people.

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The people of Greece used a
Direct Democracy.
A Direct Democracy is a government where
people vote to make their own rules & laws.

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***The Romans used a
Republican form of Government -
Representative Democracy.
A Representative Democracy is a government in
which the people elect (vote for) a smaller group to
make the rules & laws for everyone.

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Which kind of government do we have in the
United States?
Do we have a Direct Democracy?
Do we have a Representative Democracy?
This one is correct!

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Now that we have learned about the
contributions of the Greeks and Romans, let’s
focus on where these places were located and
find out about the people who lived there.

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***Both Greece and Rome are located on the
continent of Europe. They are both located on
the Mediterranean Sea. Both places have
many hills, too.
***Pelopennesus – a mountainous peninsula in southern Europe

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Almost 2000 islands surrounded Peloponnesus – Villages were isolated, cut off from each other

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***Where did ancient Greek
civilization begin?
***On the Peloponnesus and the islands surrounding this
mountainous peninsula

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The Greeks were shipbuilders.
The Romans were road builders.

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Both ancient Greece & Rome had only a small
amount of the rich soil needed for farming. Still
some of the people were farmers. They had to
farm on hillsides

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Because of where they lived, the Greeks &
Romans needed to adapt to their environment.
Ancient Greece & Rome were located along
the Mediterranean Sea, so the people who
lived there were traders.

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Since there were many mountains & hills, the
Greeks built many, small communities.
***Political units made up of a city
and surrounding villages sprung up
called “city-states.”

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***Greek city-states shared common culture and language, but
choose different forms of government. Athens and Sparta were the
largest city-states.
***Monarchy – ruled by Kings
***Some were ruled by a “tyrant” someone who took power illegally
***Sparta was ruled by an “oligarchy” a system ruled by a few
individuals and was a military state (had two kings)
***Athens became a limited democracy where all citizens could take
part in the government and make laws. Only free adult males were
citizens. Women, slaves, and foreigners were not citizens

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***In the early 5th
century B.C., Greece was invaded by Persia
(which is now Iran)
***Athens and Sparta joined forces. The Greeks won!
***Decades later Athens & Sparta fought each other in the
Peloponnesian War – Sparta won
The city-states were so busy focusing on the war between Sparta and
Athens they didn’t notice their neighbor Macedonia was building an
army to invade Greece.
***Alexander the Great from Macedonia conquered territories from
North Africa, Middle East and Asia spreading Greek culture.

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Who was Pericles?
Pericles was an Athenian statesman, so influential in
Athenian history that the period of his power is called the
Age of Pericles.
In Athenian politics Pericles sought to enable all citizens to
take an active part in the government. Payment of citizens for
their services to the state was introduced, and members of the
council were chosen by lot from the entire body of Athenians.
Pericles believed anyone who neglects Athens is useless
Pericles believed anyone who fights for their state should
have a say in state affairs

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***ANCIENT ROME
***Overthrew their Monarchy
***Created a “republic” a form of government in which citizens elect
representatives to rule in their name
***All male citizens could vote but only “patricians” members of rich and
powerful families could hold the highest government offices.
***Farmers, merchants, and craftspeople made up the class known as
“plebeians.”
***The Roman Republic grew to fast and there was so much conflict that
they allowed Octavian (Augustus) to take control and formed the “Roman
Empire” under his complete control.

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Augustus expands the Empire
takes over Palestine a Jewish kingdom in the Mediterranean.
during this time period Jesus is born and Christianity begins
Christianity becomes official religion of the Roman Empire

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***Causes for the decline of the Roman Empire
A series of inexperienced and corrupt emperors
Division of the Empire
Conflict with Germanic tribes
Crushing tax burden
Gap between the rich and the poor
Decline of patriotism and loyalty
Food shortages

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GOVERNMENT WHO RULED HOW CHOOSEN WHO PARTICIPATED
Greek Democracy citizens elected Free adult male citizens
Roman Republic patricians elected All male citizens
Roman Empire An emperor Self-appointed No one

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What’s this?
What’s this?
The Parthenon
The ColosseumWhere can it be found?
Greece Where can it be found?
Rome

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We have learned about the many contributions that the
Ancient Greeks &
Romans made to the world.
We can thank the Greeks & Romans for:
Greeks
artists, writers and philosophers
theater, science, and government
Democracy – giving people a
voice in government
Romans
roads, aqueducts, and public buildings
idea of a republic and created written
code of law
Legal systems today still influenced by
the republic of Rome

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-U8N3f4toDo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0iDRyINEScw

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