This document provides an agenda for an online class on writing essays. It covers reviewing essays, conclusions, appositives, citing sources, plagiarism, quoting and summarizing, integrating quotations, and tips for writing a draft. Examples are given for different sentence structures like appositives. Guidelines are offered for citing sources in-text and on a works cited page. Formatting tips are included for margins, headers, and titles. Students are assigned homework of continuing to read a novel, posting appositive phrases and their conclusion, and bringing drafts to the next class.
Plagiarism is not always a matter of deliberate theft; it can happen inadvertently through misunderstanding academic conventions of referencing and attribution, or through inappropriate collaboration with other students on your course. This session is designed to explain guidelines on plagiarism, to look at some real-life case studies, and to give you information and strategies to help you avoid it.
For Unit 10 the Uned Guide is quite accurate, nonetheless I include this paper written by Stafan Carlshamre which explains the basic concepts very well.
Plagiarism is not always a matter of deliberate theft; it can happen inadvertently through misunderstanding academic conventions of referencing and attribution, or through inappropriate collaboration with other students on your course. This session is designed to explain guidelines on plagiarism, to look at some real-life case studies, and to give you information and strategies to help you avoid it.
For Unit 10 the Uned Guide is quite accurate, nonetheless I include this paper written by Stafan Carlshamre which explains the basic concepts very well.
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Finally, we’ll show you how to estimate the trade off between erasure coding and replication—a choice that comes down to space versus speed.
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Outline 1
Outline
Student Name
College
Class Name and Number
Instructor
Date
Outline 2
I. Over and over again families are left without their loved
ones, to the acts of suicide. Suicide doesn’t only
include the people who have died but also the attempts
that have been made. There are warning signs and
prevention of suicide but that has not made suicide low
on the death rate.
A. Suicide carries a social and moral meaning in all
societies. At both the individual and population
levels, the suicide rate has been long understood to
correlate with cultural, social, political, and
economic forces. (Institute of Medicine, 2009)
B. Given its unique nature, research on suicide faces a
series of obstacles that limit progress in the
understanding, prevention, and treatment of the
problem.
II. Suicide is not something new but something that is a part
of our history.
A. This history of suicide dated back to Egypt, Greece,
and Rome where suicide was used as part of a ritual.
i. Suicide in ancient Egypt was viewed as a neutral
event, because death was merely a passage from one
form of existence to another. It was simply a
means of avoiding, disgrace, abandonment, guilt,
Outline 3
cowardice, or loss of a loved one. Or an
expression of general mistrust of the world.
(A1b2c3, 2009)
ii. Cleopatra committed suicide as part of a ritual.
B. Some of the causes of suicidal behaviors can accompany
many emotional disturbances, including depression,
bipolar, and schizophrenia.
i. Suicidal behaviors often occur in response to a
situation that the person views as overwhelming,
such as social isolation, death of a loved one,
emotional trauma, serious illness, aging,
unemployment or financial problems, guilt
feelings, or dependence on alcohol or other drugs.
(Health, 2009)
ii. When people are suicidal, they often mistakenly
believe that they are doing their friends and
relatives a favor by taking themselves out of the
world. These irrational beliefs often drive their
behavior. (Health, 2009)
C. There are early warning signs, critical signs, and the
prevention of suicide.
Outline 4
i. Many people who attempt suicide talk about it
before making the attempt.
a. Early signs of suicide include: Depression,
statements or expressions of guilty feeling,
tension or anxiety, nervousness, impulsiveness.
Critical signs include: Sudden change in
behavior, especially calmness after a period of
anxiety, giving away belongings, attempts to
“get one’s affairs in order”, direct or
indirect threats to commit suicide, direct
attempts to commit suicide. (Health, 2009)
III. Suicide attempts and threats should always be taken
seriously. About one-third of people who attempt suicide
will repeat the attempt within 1 year, and about 10% of
those who threaten or attempt suicide eventually do kill
themselves.
.
This presentation provides the basic understanding and guidelines in Quoting and Paraphrasing the literatures for its integration into our research papers. This will help us to avoid committing plagiarism in our work. It also provides how to quote and paraphrase information and ideas from various type of sources.
For more on this topic, see my Youtube Channel: https://youtu.be/Bq7BAtHs7gE
2. +
AGENDA
Essay Review
Conclusions
Appositives
How and When to cite
Plagiarism
Quoting and Summarizing
Integrating Quotations
Writing the draft
Tips for writing your essay
3. +
Essay Review
An attempt to gain readers’ interest in the introduction could
take as little as two or three sentences or as many as four or
five paragraphs.
The thesis statement and definition are usually quite brief—
sometimes only a few sentences.
A topic illustration may occupy one or several paragraphs, and
there can be few or many topics, depending on how the
information has been divided up.
NEW: Conclusion
A conclusion might summarize the information presented, give
advice about how to use or apply the information, or speculate
about the future of the concept.
5. +
Should I end with speculation, as Ngo
does?
Members of developed societies in general practice
none of these forms of cannibalism, with the
occasional exception of survival cannibalism when the
only alternative is starvation. It is possible, however,
that our distant-past ancestors were cannibals who
through the eons turned away from the practice. We
are, after all, descended from the same ancestors as
the Miyanmin, the Alligator, and the Leopard people,
and survival cannibalism shows that people are
capable of eating human flesh when they have no
other choice.
6. +Should I frame the essay by relating the ending to the beginning,
as Toufexis does?
O.K., let’s cut out all this nonsense about romantic love. Let’s bring some
scientific precision to the party. Let’s put love under a microscope. When
rigorous people with Ph.D.s after their names do that, what they see is not
some silly, senseless thing. No, their probe reveals that love rests firmly on
the foundations of evolution, biology and chemistry. What seems on the
surface to be irrational, intoxicated behavior is in fact part of nature’s master
strategy—a vital force that has helped humans survive, thrive and multiply
through thousands of years. Says Michael Mills, a psychology professor at
Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles: “Love is our ancestors
whispering in our ears.”
O.K., that’s the scientific point of view. Satisfied? Probably not. To most
people—with or without Ph.D.s—love will always be more than the sum of its
natural parts. It’s a commingling of body and soul, reality and imagination,
poetry and phenylethylamine. In our deepest hearts, most of us harbor the
hope that love will never fully yield up its secrets, that it will always elude our
grasp.
9. + A Sentence Strategy: Appositives
SMG 177-79
As you draft an essay explaining a concept, you have a lot of
information to present, such as definitions of terms and
credentials of experts. Appositives provide an efficient, clear
way to integrate these kinds of information into your
sentences. An appositive is a noun or pronoun that, along with
modifiers, gives more information about another noun or
pronoun. Here is an example from Ngo’s concept essay (the
appositive is in italics and the noun it refers to is underlined):
Cannibalism, the act of human beings eating human
flesh(Sagan 2), has a long history and continues to hold
interest and create controversy. (Ngo paragraph 5)
10. +By placing the definition in an appositive phrase right after
the word it defines, this sentence locates the definition
exactly where readers need it. Writers explaining concepts
rely on appositives because they serve many different
purposes needed in concept essays, as the following
examples demonstrate. (Again, the appositive is in italics
and the noun it refers to is underlined.)
Defining a New Term
Some researchers believe hyperthymics may be at
increased risk of depression or hypomania, a mild variant
of mania (Friedman, Paragraph 5).
Cannibalism can be broken down into two main
categories: exocannibalism, the eating of outsiders of
foreigners, and endocannibalism, the eating of members
of one’s own social group (Shipman 70). (Ngo paragraph,
6)
11. +
Each person carries in his or her mind a unique
subliminal guide to the ideal partner, a “love
map.” (Toufexis, paragraph 17)
Introducing a New Term
“Love is a natural high,” observes Anthony Walsh, author
of The Science of Love: Understanding Love and Its
Effects on Mind and Body. (Toufexis, paragraph 10)
Giving Credentials of Experts
12. Identifying People and Things
When I was in high school I read the Robert Browning
Poem ‘My Last Duchess.’ In it, the narrator said he killed
is wife, the duchess, because . . .(Friedman, Paragraph
2).
Giving Examples or Specifics
Some 2,400 years ago, Hippocrates proposed that a
mixture of four basic humors—blood, phlegm, yellow
bile, and black bile—determined human
temperament…(Friedman, paragraph 6)
13. +
Try it!
Try writing several appositive
phrases.
Defining a term
Introducing a new term
Giving the credentials of experts
Identifying people and things
Giving examples or specifics
Use the examples as models.
15. +MLA format: on our website Under “MLA Guidelines”
MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to
write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities.
MLA style specifies guidelines for formatting manuscripts and using the
English language in writing. MLA style also provides writers with a
system for referencing their sources through parenthetical citation in
their essays and Works Cited pages.
Writers who properly use MLA also build their credibility by
demonstrating accountability to their source material. Most importantly,
the use of MLA style can protect writers from accusations of plagiarism,
which is the purposeful or accidental uncredited use of source material
by other writers.
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/
16. Avoiding Plagiarism: Writers — students and professionals alike —
occasionally fail to acknowledge sources properly. The word plagiarism, which
derives from the Latin word for “kidnapping, ”refers to the unacknowledged use of
another’s words, ideas, or information. Students sometimes mistakenly assume
that plagiarizing occurs only when another writer’s exact words are used without
acknowledgment. In fact, plagiarism also applies to such diverse forms of
expression as musical compositions and visual images as well as ideas and
statistics. Therefore, keep in mind that you must indicate the source of
any borrowed information or ideas you use in your essay, whether you have
paraphrased, summarized, or quoted directly from the source or have reproduced
it or referred to it in some other way. Remember especially the need to document
electronic sources fully and accurately. Information, ideas, and images from
electronic sources require acknowledgment in even more detail than those from
print sources (and are often easier to detect as plagiarism if they are not
acknowledged). Some people plagiarize simply because they do not know the
conventions for using and acknowledging sources. Others plagiarize because
they keep sloppy notes and thus fail to distinguish between their own and their
sources’ ideas. If you keep careful notes, you will not make this serious mistake.
Another reason some people plagiarize is that they feel intimidated by the writing
task or the deadline. If you experience this anxiety about your work, speak to me.
Do not run the risk of failing the course or being expelled from school because of
plagiarism. If you are confused about what is and what is not plagiarism, be sure
to ask me.
17. Quoting and Summarizing:
Writers use sources by quoting directly and by summarizing.
Deciding Whether to Quote or Summarize
As a general rule, quote only in these situations:
(1) when the wording of the source is particularly memorable or vivid or
expresses a point so well that you cannot improve it.
(2) when the words of reliable and respected authorities would lend
support to your position.
(3) when you wish to cite an author whose opinions challenge or vary
greatly from those of other experts.
(4) when you are going to discuss the source’s choice of words.
• Summarize any long passages whose main points you wish to
record as support for a point you are making.
18. +
Short Quotations
To indicate short quotations (fewer than four typed lines of
prose or three lines of verse) in your text, enclose the quotation
within double quotation marks. Provide the author and specific
page citation (in the case of verse, provide line numbers) in the
text, and include a complete reference on the Works Cited
page. Punctuation marks such as periods, commas, and
semicolons should appear after the parenthetical citation.
Question marks and exclamation points should appear within
the quotation marks if they are a part of the quoted passage but
after the parenthetical citation if they are a part of your text.
22. +Integrating Quotations
Depending on its length, a quotation may be incorporated into your text by being
enclosed in quotation marks or set off from your text in a block without quotation
marks. In either case, be sure to integrate the quotation into the language of your
essay.
In-Text Quotations: Incorporate brief quotations (no more than four typed lines of
prose or three lines of poetry) into your text. You may place the quotation virtually
anywhere in your sentence:
At the Beginning:
“To live a life is not to cross a field,” Sutherland writes at the beginning of her narrative
(11).
In the Middle
Woolf begins and ends by speaking of the need of the woman writer to have “money
and a room of her own” (4)--an idea that certainly spoke to Plath’s condition.
At the End
In The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir describes such an experience as one
in which the girl “becomes an object, and she sees herself as object” (378).
23. +
Long Quotations
For quotations that extend to more than four lines of
verse or prose, place quotations in a free-standing block of text
and omit quotation marks:
Start the quotation on a new line, with the entire
quote indented one inch (10 spaces) from the
left margin; maintain double-spacing. Only indent
the first line of the quotation by an additional
quarter inch if you are citing multiple paragraphs.
Your parenthetical citation should come after the
closing punctuation mark. (Smith 142)
When quoting verse, maintain original line breaks. (You should
maintain double-spacing throughout your essay.)
24. +
Citing Summarized Material
In Randall Kennedy’s article “Racial Passing” in
the Ohio State Law Journal, he discusses such a
case in the journey of Ellen Craft, a black woman
who passed not only as white but as a white man
in order to smuggle her husband north to avoid
slavery (1).
26. +
1” all around
Go to “Layout” and adjust
margins or use custom
settings
Times New Roman 12
Indent body paragraphs ½
inch from the margin
Double Click in Header Area
Type your last name
Justify right
Go to “insert” and click on
“page number”
Margins and Formatting Header: Last Name 1
27. +
Your Name
Dr. Kim Palmore
EWRT 1A
22 July 2015
Original Title (not the
title of the novel we
read)
No italics, bold,
underline, or quotation
marks
Centered on the page
No extra spaces (just
double spaced after
your heading and
before the body of your
text)
Heading: Double Spaced Title
29. +
Tips for writing your essay
Begin with a long anecdote to draw the reader into your essay.
Write a thesis that includes all of the categories you will
discuss.
Use examples and definitions to make your point.
Use appositives to describe nouns and eliminate wordiness.
Introduce and cite your in-text quotations.
Enter your sources on your Works Cited list.
30. +
Homework
Read: HG through chapter 24
Post #17: Post a list of five appositive
phrases you have included in your essay.
Post #18: Your conclusion
Bring: Two copies of your complete draft