This PowerPoint presentation covers academic integrity and plagiarism. It discusses the serious consequences of plagiarism, both in academic and professional settings. It identifies different types of plagiarism and discusses when sources need to be cited. The differences between quoting and paraphrasing are explained, along with tips for avoiding plagiarism. Examples are provided to determine if they constitute plagiarism or not. The presentation emphasizes that plagiarism is considered cheating at the university and outlines the penalties for committing plagiarism.

1. Academic Integrity
and Understanding
Plagiarism
What it is and how you
can avoid it
Patricia Campbell, Ph.D. , Dean of Graduate
Studies

2. This PowerPoint will cover the
following:
 Discuss the consequences of plagiarism in and
outside of the academic setting
 Identify various types of plagiarism
 Discuss when you need to cite your sources
 Identify the differences between quoting and
paraphrasing, and how much quoting is
permissible
 Review in-text parenthetical citations (Turabian)
 Discuss tips for avoiding plagiarism
 Examine some examples and determine whether
or not they constitute plagiarism

3. Plagiarism: Serious Consequences
A famous writer and
historian’s reputation
was seriously
damaged and she was
forced to resign from
the Pulitzer Prize board
after it was revealed
that her book used
numerous passages
from other books
without citing them.

4. Plagiarism: Serious Consequences
A famous musician
was found guilty of
plagiarism and
forced to pay
compensation for
similarities between
his song "My Sweet
Lord" and The
Chiffons' hit "He's
So Fine.”

5. Plagiarism: Serious Consequences
In 2003, an up-and-
coming New York
Times reporter was
forced to resign when
it was discovered that
36 of the 73 national
news stories he had
written included ethical
infractions, such as
making up content and
copying passages
from other journalists’
articles.

6. Plagiarism: Serious
Consequences
 “Two Students  “Men At Work
Kicked off Guilty Of Ripping
Semester at Sea Off „Land Down
for Plagiarism” Under‟ Melody”
http://www.usnews.com/education/blogs/paper-  In 2010, the Australian band was
trail/2008/08/14/two-students-kicked-off-semester-at-
sea-for-plagiarism
found guilty of copying their song
“Land Down Under” from a 70 year
 CBS news producer old children’s song “Kookaburra Sits
in the Old Gum Tree.” The penalty
fired for plagiarism could cost the writers of “Land Down
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18045526/
Under” millions.

7. You could lose you Job!
Hungarian president
resigns over
doctorate plagiarism
scandal
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/apr/02/hungar
ian-president-resigns-doctorate-plagiarism
Photo from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-
17586128

8. For more information on famous
plagiarists…
http://www.famousplagiarists.com/index.htm
l

9. At APUS Plagiarism = Cheating
Using an assignment, or part of an
assignment for more than one class is
also cheating. This is self-plagiarism.

10. AUPS’s Policy: Plagiarism =
Cheating
Cheating is the intentional attempt to
misrepresent academic achievement. This
includes plagiarism, which the Student
Handbook defines as:
“the adoption or incorporation of another’s
ideas without proper attribution of the
source. It is more simply defined as taking
the writings of another person or people and
representing them to be one’s
own”(Student Handbook).

11. Consequences
 Any student who is discovered to be cheating or is
suspected of cheating will be notified of the offense by
the instructor. The instructor is required to notify the
School Program Director immediately. The School
Program Direction and Dean will determine the
appropriate penalty.
 The penalties for cheating are:
 Mark of zero on the test or assignment.
 An automatic grade of F with immediate dismissal from course.
 “Students who are found guilty of plagiarism will have an entry
made in their student record. An additional violation of the
standards of academic honesty may result in dismissal from the
University System.” (Student Handbook)

12. Plagiarism beyond the obvious offenses
It’s not just
buying a term
paper or
“borrowing” a
paper from a
friend who took
the same
course…

13. Plagiarism beyond the obvious offenses
“quote”
An incorporation of another’s
ideas without properly citing
the source.
 Failure to use quotation
marks when it is a quote.
According to Sam Johnson,
 Failure to acknowledge the professor of bioengineering at
original source when you
Stanford University, there are many
paraphrase.
reasons why grass does not grow
 Failure to provide citation well in space (2010, 115).
information for the source.
Works Cited
 Note that you cannot reuse Smits, Marieke, Dominique Sluijsmans, and Wim
your own work. In other Jochems. "The Effects of a Competency-oriented
words, you can not use Learning Environment and Tutor Feedback on
Students' Reflection Skills." Assessment &
portions of one assignment Evaluation in Higher Education 34.5 (2009): 491-
for more than one class. 498. Academic Search Elite. EBSCO. Web. 30
Jan. 2010.

14. To Cite or not to Cite?
You should cite when… You don‟t need to cite
 you give statistics when…
 the information is unique  the information is
and not known by most commonly known (either
people by the general
population, or commonly
 the reader might ask
known within the
“how do you know
particular discipline)
that?”
 most or all of your
 you use a direct quotation
sources repeat the same
from someone else
general idea.
 you use someone else’s
 it is your own original
ideas
thought or opinion
 you paraphrase a direct

15. Quoting and Paraphrasing:
What is the Difference?
A direct quote is taking a key phrase,
or two or more words in order, from
an outside source. Quotation marks
are required. Quotes cannot make up
more than 10% of the text of your
assignment.
 According to Hawkins, lemurs are
“unlikely candidates to replace dogs
as America’s favorite pet” (2001, 7).

16. Quoting and Paraphrasing
What is the Difference?
A paraphrase is rewording the idea of the
original passage – it is NOT rearranging the
author’s words. Quotation marks are not
necessary but citations are. Paraphrases
MUST be substantially different than the
original sentences from your source.
 Hawkins discusses at great length the efforts of
the American Association for Lemur Acceptance
(AALA) to raise American’s consciousness about
the value of lemurs. He explains that lemurs are
not only cute but also excellent dancers (2001,

17. Quoting and Paraphrasing
What is the Difference?
Rearranging, changing, or leaving out
a word or two from an original passage
does not make it a paraphrase – the
entire passage must be rewritten in
your own words.

18. In-Text Parenthetical Citations
(Turabian/Chicago)
References to sources are made directly in the body of
the text using parentheses. The parenthetical citation
includes the author and the page number where the
direct quote can be found.
Example:
 The education strategy is described as “a pattern of behavior designed to
gain the cooperation of followers in accomplishing organizational goals”
(Lashway 2001, 5).
OR
 Lashway describes the education strategy as “a pattern of behavior
designed to gain the cooperation of followers in accomplishing
organizational goals” (2001, 5).
OR

19. Tips for Avoiding Plagiarism
 Read a passage, and then write your interpretation of it
with the book closed. Do not attempt to paraphrase with the
passage right in front of you if you feel unsure about how to
do it. Double check to make sure you did not accidently
copy phrases.
 Cite every piece of information that is not common
knowledge. This includes opinions, arguments, and
speculations as well as facts, details, figures, and statistics.
 Use quotation marks every time you use the author's
words. Quotes of five lines or more are indented as block
quotes and single spaced. In this case, quotation marks
are omitted but the sources is cited. Block quotes should
be used infrequently.

20. Tips for Avoiding Plagiarism, Con’t.
 At the beginning of the first sentence in which you
quote, paraphrase, or summarize, make it clear that
what comes next is someone else's idea:
 According to Smith...
 Jones says...
 In his 1987 study, Robinson proved...
 At the end of the last sentence containing quoted,
paraphrased, or summarized material, insert a
parenthetical citation (or footnote, depending on the
specific class requirement) to show where the material
came from.

21. Examples
The following examples are from the School
of Education at Indiana University
Bloomington’s “How to Recognize
Plagiarism” website:
https://www.indiana.edu/~istd/examples.html

22. Is this an example of
plagiarism?
Original Source Material: Student‟s Text
Constructivism is a Constructivists do not hold
movement that extends views entirely opposed to
beyond the beliefs of the those of the cognitivists. The
cognitivist. It considers the position of constructivists
engagement of students in extends beyond the beliefs of
meaningful experiences as the cognitivist.
the essence of learning. The
shift is from passive transfer
of information to active Works Cited
problem solving. Heinich, Robert, et al.
Constructivists emphasize Instructional Media and
that learners create their own Technologies for Learning.
interpretations of the world of Upper Saddle River, NJ:
information. Prentice-Hall, 1999.

23. Yes
Because the student has not used quotes
for the direct words that were taken from
the author.

24. Is this an example of
plagiarism?
Original Source Student‟s Text
Material: The concept of Frick states that “a system has
systems is really quite parts that fit together to make
a whole" but the important
simple. The basic idea is aspect of systems is “how
that a system has parts those parts are connected or
that fit together to make a related to each other"
(1991,17).
whole; but where it gets
Works Cited
complicated -- and
Frick, Theodore W.
interesting -- is how those Restructuring Education
parts are connected or Through Technology.
related to each other. Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta
Kappa Educational

25. No
• The passage begins with the author’s name.
• Quotation marks are used to indicate that the
passages are word-for-word citations from the
original document.
• The author is also listed in the references.

26. Is this an example of
plagiarism?
Original Source Student Paper: Over the last ten
Material: During the last years, there has been a marked
decade, there has been a change from "instructivist" points of
shift from "instructivist" view to "constructivist" points of view
approaches towards among instructional designers.
"constructivist" approaches in Instructivist points of view hold the
the field of instructional belief that the role of knowledge is
design. Instructivist fundamentally to represent the real
approaches reflect the belief world. In this view, meaning is
that the role of knowledge is determined by the real world and is
basically to represent the real therefore external to the learner.
world. Meaning is eventually Works Cited
determined by this real world
and is thus external to the Merriënboer, Jeroen J. G. van.
understander. Training Complex Cognitive
Skills. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Educational Technology

27. Yes
This example has been plagiarized. The student
has substituted synonyms for many words in the
passage, but has not changed the structure of the
text and has used another person's ideas without
crediting that person for them.

28. Is this an example of
plagiarism?
Original Source Material: Student Paper: History has
Technology has significantly demonstrated that technology
transformed education at several affects education profoundly.
major turning points in our history. Considering the definition of
In the broadest sense, the first
technology broadly, one may
technology was the primitive modes
of communication used by
say that prehistoric people
prehistoric people before the used primitive technologies to
development of spoken language. teach skills to their young
Mime, gestures, grunts, and (Frick 1991,91).
drawing of figures in the sand with Works Cited
a stick were methods used to Frick, Theodore W. Restructuring
communicate - yes, even to Education Through
educate. Even without speech, Technology. Bloomington, IN:
these prehistoric people were able Phi Delta Kappa Educational
to teach their young how to catch Foundation, 1991.

29. No
This example has been paraphrased and is
not considered plagiarized. The student has
cited the original author and included an
appropriate entry in the reference list.

30. Is this an example of
plagiarism?
Original Source Student Paper: One kind of
Material: A naïve mental model for the computer is
mental model in the the naïve model. A naïve mental
model in the context of computer
context of computer programming is that a computer
programming is that is an intelligent system. This
a computer is an model is naïve because giving
intelligent system, directions to a computer is like
and that giving giving directions to a human
directions to a being.
computer is like Works Cited
giving directions to a Merriënboer, Jeroen J. G. van.
human being. Training Complex Cognitive
Skills. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Educational Technology

31. Yes
This example has been plagiarized
because it includes copied texts from the
original work without giving quotation marks
and citing authors within the body texts.

32. Questions? Always ask your
Professor!