This document provides an agenda for an English writing class. It includes a quiz on Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, a review of student essays, and lessons on conclusions, appositives, citing sources, plagiarism, quoting and summarizing, integrating quotations, and tips for writing a draft. The document reviews strategies for concluding an essay, provides examples of using appositives, and explains how and when to cite sources to avoid plagiarism.
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AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
APA
GUIDE TO WRITING RESEARCH
PAPERS
How to Write a Research Paper
MONROE COLLEGE LIBRARY
Revised Sixth Edition
2
Glossary
Citation is the proper format of your sources information that belong on your Reference
page.
et al: In Latin means “and others” it’s used especially in referring to academic books or
articles that have more than one author.
Hanging Indent: All lines after the first line of each citation on your reference page should
be indented one-half inch from the left margin.
An in-text citation provides the information (quote/paraphrase) from a source in the body
of your paper.
Paraphrase: Where you rewrite part or all of someone else’s idea/information in your own
words.
Quote: If you copy word for word (verbatim) information from a source you must put the
information in “ ” (quotation marks).
A Reference(s) page is the last page of your paper where all the sources you have cited in
your paper are listed.
A source is the book/article/etc. you have used to help create your paper.
URL: Uniform (or Universal) Resource Locator is the address of the web page.
A Webpage is a single page that contains information on a topic.
A Website has a number of webpages that are connected by links.
A research paper requires time spent investigating and evaluating sources with the intent to offer
interpretations of the texts and a unique perspective on the topic at hand. It is the final product of the
following:
Research
Source evaluation
Critical thinking
Organization
Composition
Avoiding plagiarism
RESEARCH
Primary Sources are:
Diaries and autobiographies
Letters, historical documents, speeches and oral histories
Eye-witness accounts from newspapers
Raw data from questionnaires or interviews
Observations or experiments
Secondary Sources are:
Criticism
Biographies
Historical Analysis
Articles and case studies
3
SOURCE EVALUATION
Is the source useful?
Is it current?
Is it from a well-respected source?
Is the research up to date?
Take notes:
Summarize briefly restate in your own words the main ideas of the passage or article.
Paraphrase restate in your own word, in detail, the key ideas of the source.
Quoting use the source’s unique words surrounded by quote marks, “ ”, and record the source
and page.
Note down the information you will need for the MLA/APA citation.
Assemble a working bibliography: start a list of your sources that includes the title, author,
publication information and date for each source.
CRITICAL THINKING
Evaluate and interpret the ideas explored in sources and convey ideas of your own.
Synthesize sources: make sense of your sources by integrating information from two or more
sources to show how the ideas are similar or different.
Fine-tune your thesis or topic.
ORGANIZATIO.
Comparative Literature 203 The European Novel Whats in an (Auth.docxmonicafrancis71118
Comparative Literature 203: The European Novel: What's in an (Author's) Name?
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Abstract guide
Our goal for this course is to engage thoughtfully, deeply, and creatively with our texts. To this end, all of your papers will reflect your engagement with our texts without (or with extremely minimal) recourse to secondary materials. There will be four formal writing assignments for the class: three short “abstracts” (1-2 pp) and one longer paper (5-6 pp). These assignments are all sustained close-reading assignments. Ideally, each paper will be an extension of the conversations that we’ve had in class and/or on various assignments. Your essays should reflect your individual engagement with our texts. They are not “research” papers or “reports”; you do not need to consult secondary sources. (You should use secondary sources only for verifying factual information, and only if this factual information is necessary for your argument – eg: confirming that Foucault's essay in part responds to Barthes'). The purpose of these papers is NOT to show that you’ve read the texts – I take it for granted that you’ve been doing the reading – or to reiterate an “expert” opinion.
Goals: to attack a single issue thoroughly (instead of trying to solve the mysteries of the universe in a short paper); to be attentive to the interaction between the stylistics and ideas of a text (the way that how the author tells a story through particular rhetorical choices influences our reading of what the text "means").
The abstract is so named (or misnamed) because you may be writing with an eye toward your longer paper. You will be doing a close reading of a short passage from one of the texts that we are studying. This may end up being the starting point for the longer paper, but need not be. The abstract is not, however, merely an informal paper proposal. While you may be thinking about it as a starting point for a longer essay, please also be aware that it will be graded as a close reading in its own right.
For this assignment you will:
1) Select and photocopy a short passage from one of the works we are studying. Your selection should be no more than two continuousparagraphs or half a page long, whichever is shorter. Attach this to your assignment.
2) Highlight (or underline or circle) two or three SHORT pieces of language (preferrably single words, but 3-4 word images are also fine) on the photocopy of the text you’ve chosen that together add up to a constellation of meaning that we may have missed on a casual reading. These short units should form a pattern that convincingly suggests the story's interest in a particular idea. Your chosen language should not just add up to a summary of the major theme of the text as a whole. Often, the more removed or seemingly "off-topic" your pattern of language is, the more you'll have to work with in thinking about how this strange pattern modifies or asks questions about the text's ostensible main idea.
3) Do a close rea.
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2. +
AGENDA
Quiz
Essay Review
Conclusions
Appositives
How and When to cite
Plagiarism
Quoting and Summarizing
Integrating Quotations
Writing the draft
Tips for writing your essay
3. +
HAGRID-SIZED HPPOA Final
Quiz! 1. What is a “Firebolt”? Who (do we later learn) gave Harry his Firebolt?
2. What animal does Harry’s Patronus turn out to be?
3. What “joke” did Harry’s dad and his friends (try to) play on Snape?
4. Which House wins the Quidditch Cup?
5. What class does Hermione finally drop out of?
6. Who does Scabbers turn out to be (really)?
7. Who suggests to Hermione and Harry that they go back in time to save Sirius
and Buckbeak?
8. Who summoned the strong Patronus that saved Harry from the dementor’s
kiss?
9. What is Sirius’s final gift to Harry (before he goes on the lam)?
4. +
Essay Review
An attempt to gain readers’ interest in the introduction could take as little as
two or three sentences or as many as four or five paragraphs.
The thesis statement and definition are usually quite brief—sometimes only
a sentence or two.
A topic illustration may occupy one or several paragraphs, and there can be
few or many topics, depending on how the information has been divided up.
NEW: Conclusion
A conclusion might summarize the information presented, give advice about
how to use or apply the information, or speculate about the future of the
concept.
6. +
Should I end with speculation, as Ngo does?
Members of developed societies in general practice
none of these forms of cannibalism, with the
occasional exception of survival cannibalism when
the only alternative is starvation. It is possible,
however, that our distant-past ancestors were
cannibals who through the eons turned away from
the practice. We are, after all, descended from the
same ancestors as the Miyanmin, the Alligator, and
the Leopard people, and survival cannibalism shows
that people are capable of eating human flesh when
they have no other choice.
7. + Should I frame the essay by relating the ending to the beginning,
as Toufexis does?
O.K., let’s cut out all this nonsense about romantic love. Let’s bring some
scientific precision to the party. Let’s put love under a microscope. When
rigorous people with Ph.D.s after their names do that, what they see is not
some silly, senseless thing. No, their probe reveals that love rests firmly on
the foundations of evolution, biology and chemistry. What seems on the
surface to be irrational, intoxicated behavior is in fact part of nature’s master
strategy—a vital force that has helped humans survive, thrive and multiply
through thousands of years. Says Michael Mills, a psychology professor at
Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles: “Love is our ancestors
whispering in our ears.”
O.K., that’s the scientific point of view. Satisfied? Probably not. To most
people—with or without Ph.D.s—love will always be more than the sum of its
natural parts. It’s a commingling of body and soul, reality and imagination,
poetry and phenylethylamine. In our deepest hearts, most of us harbor the
hope that love will never fully yield up its secrets, that it will always elude our
grasp.
8. +
Or do you have another idea?
Take this opportunity to draft your
conclusion.
10. + A Sentence Strategy: Appositives
SMG 177-79
As you draft an essay explaining a concept, you have a lot of
information to present, such as definitions of terms and
credentials of experts. Appositives provide an efficient, clear
way to integrate these kinds of information into your
sentences. An appositive is a noun or pronoun that, along with
modifiers, gives more information about another noun or
pronoun. Here is an example from Ngo’s concept essay (the
appositive is in italics and the noun it refers to is underlined):
Cannibalism, the act of human beings eating human
flesh(Sagan 2), has a long history and continues to hold
interest and create controversy. (Ngo paragraph 5)
11. +
By placing the definition in an appositive phrase right after
the word it defines, this sentence locates the definition
exactly where readers need it. Writers explaining concepts
rely on appositives because they serve many different
purposes needed in concept essays, as the following
examples demonstrate. (Again, the appositive is in italics
and the noun it refers to is underlined.)
Defining a New Term
Some researchers believe hyperthymics may be at
increased risk of depression or hypomania, a mild variant
of mania (Friedman, Paragraph 5).
Cannibalism can be broken down into two main
categories: exocannibalism, the eating of outsiders of
foreigners, and endocannibalism, the eating of members
of one’s own social group (Shipman 70). (Ngo paragraph,
6)
12. +
Each person carries in his or her mind a unique
subliminal guide to the ideal partner, a “love
map.” (Toufexis, paragraph 17)
Introducing a New Term
“Love is a natural high,” observes Anthony Walsh,
author of The Science of Love: Understanding
Love and Its Effects on Mind and Body.
(Toufexis, paragraph 10)
Giving Credentials of Experts
13. Identifying People and Things
When I was in high school I read the Robert Browning
Poem ‘My Last Duchess.’ In it, the narrator said he killed
is wife, the duchess, because . . .(Friedman, Paragraph
2).
Giving Examples or Specifics
Some 2,400 years ago, Hippocrates proposed that a
mixture of four basic humors—blood, phlegm, yellow
bile, and black bile—determined human
temperament…(Friedman, paragraph 6)
14. +
Try it!
Try writing several appositive
phrases.
Defining a term
Introducing a new term
Giving the credentials of experts
Identifying people and things
Giving examples or specifics
Use the examples as models.
16. + MLA format: on our website Under “MLA Guidelines”
MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly
used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and
humanities.
MLA style specifies guidelines for formatting manuscripts and
using the English language in writing. MLA style also provides
writers with a system for referencing their sources through
parenthetical citation in their essays and Works Cited pages.
Writers who properly use MLA also build their credibility by
demonstrating accountability to their source material. Most
importantly, the use of MLA style can protect writers from
accusations of plagiarism, which is the purposeful or accidental
uncredited use of source material by other writers.
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/
17. Quoting and Summarizing:
Writers use sources by quoting directly and by summarizing.
Deciding Whether to Quote or Summarize
As a general rule, quote only in these situations:
(1) when the wording of the source is particularly memorable or vivid or
expresses a point so well that you cannot improve it.
(2) when the words of reliable and respected authorities would lend
support to your position.
(3) when you wish to cite an author whose opinions challenge or vary
greatly from those of other experts.
(4) when you are going to discuss the source’s choice of words.
• Summarize any long passages whose main points you wish to
record as support for a point you are making.
18. +
Short Quotations
To indicate short quotations (fewer than four typed lines of prose
or three lines of verse) in your text, enclose the quotation within
double quotation marks. Provide the author and specific page
citation (in the case of verse, provide line numbers) in the text, and
include a complete reference on the Works Cited page.
Punctuation marks such as periods, commas, and semicolons
should appear after the parenthetical citation. Question marks and
exclamation points should appear within the quotation marks if
they are a part of the quoted passage but after the parenthetical
citation if they are a part of your text.
19.
20. Basic In-text citations
In MLA style, referring to the works of others in your text is done by using what is
known as parenthetical citation. This method involves placing relevant source
information in parentheses after a quote or a paraphrase.
General Guidelines
• Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source
information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word
or phrase you provide to your readers in the text, must be the first thing that
appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry in the Works Cited
List.
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/02/
21. +
Long Quotations
For quotations that extend to more than four lines of verse or prose,
place quotations in a free-standing block of text and omit quotation marks:
Start the quotation on a new line, with the entire quote
indented one inch (10 spaces) from the left margin;
maintain double-spacing. Only indent the first line of the
quotation by an additional quarter inch if you are citing
multiple paragraphs. Your parenthetical citation should
come after the closing punctuation mark. (Smith 142)
When quoting verse, maintain original line breaks. (You should maintain
double-spacing throughout your essay.)
22. +
Citing Two or More Paragraphs
When citing two or more paragraphs, use block quotation format, even if the passage
from the paragraphs is less than four lines. Indent the first line of each quoted
paragraph an extra quarter inch.
In "American Origins of the Writing-across-the-Curriculum Movement," David Russell
argues,
Writing has been an issue in American secondary and higher education
since papers and examinations came into wide use in the 1870s, eventually
driving out formal recitation and oral examination. . . .
From its birth in the late nineteenth century, progressive education has
wrestled with the conflict within industrial society between pressure to
increase specialization of knowledge and of professional work (upholding
disciplinary standards) and pressure to integrate more fully an ever-widening
number of citizens into intellectually meaningful activity within mass society.
(3)
23. +
Citing Summarized Material
In Randall Kennedy’s article “Racial Passing” in
the Ohio State Law Journal, he discusses such a
case in the journey of Ellen Craft, a black woman
who passed not only as white but as a white man
in order to smuggle her husband north to avoid
slavery (1).
Yes! You must cite summarized material!
25. +
1” all around
Go to “Layout” and adjust margins or use
custom settings
Times New Roman 12
Indent body paragraphs ½ inch from the
margin
Double Click in Header Area
Type your last name
Justify right
Go to “insert” and click on “page number”
Margins and Formatting Header: Last Name 1
26. +
Your Name
Dr. Kim Palmore
EWRT 1A
22 January 2018
Original Title (not the
title of the novel we
read)
No italics, bold,
underline, or quotation
marks
Centered on the page
No extra spaces (just
double spaced after
your heading and
before the body of your
text)
Heading: Double Spaced Title
27. +
Tips for writing your essay
Begin with a long anecdote to draw the reader into your
essay.
Write a thesis that includes all of the categories you will
discuss.
Use examples and definitions to make your point.
Use appositives to describe nouns and eliminate
wordiness.
Introduce and cite your in-text quotations.
Enter your sources on your Works Cited list.
28. +
Homework
Discussion #14: Post a list of five
appositive phrases you have
included in your essay.
Discussion #15: Your
Conclusion
Bring: Two copies of your complete
draft to our next meeting. One can
be electronic.
Tuesday, February 20th, I will hold
extra office hours from 7:30-9:30 for
individual help with Essay #2.