MAGNETIC  LEVITATION Propulsion

1. Noida institute of engineering&technologygreater
noida
submited by : sumit nagar
submited to : mr sourabhsir

2. MAGLEV

3. Problem• Current land transportation is slow
• Land is limited by friction
• Flying is expensive
• Air and land travel takes up a lot of fuel

4. Solution• Reduce friction for land travel
• “Hover” just over the railroad tracks
• Process is simpler than making a plane fly
• Staying on land is safer

5. MAGLEV• Maglev
• Derived FROM MAGNETIC LEVITATION
• transport method that uses magnetic levitation to
move vehicles without touching the ground.
• With maglev, a vehicle travels along a guideway
using magnets to create both lift and propulsion,
thereby reducing friction by a great extent and
allowing very high speeds.
• Propulsion is a means of creating force leading to
movement.

6. • Made out of aluminum to minimize weight
• 4 rows of 8 magnets arranged in a Halbach
Array
• 2 rows for levitation
• 2 rows for lateral guidance and propulsion
• May or may not have speed sensor. This will be
determined later.

7. FREQUENCY
REFERENCE
SIGNAL FOR
SPEED
CONTROL
CONTROLLER
TRACKTHREE-
PHASE
POWER
INPUT
TRAIN WITH
SPEED
SENSOR

9. Implementation• Strong magnets on moving car
• Magnetic forces hold car in position
▫ Vertically
 Inclining or declining track
 Weight distribution changing
▫ Horizontally
 Wind forces
 Turning

10. Halbach Array’s are a special arrangement
that cancels the magnetic field above the
magnets, but still allows a field below the
magnets. The permanent magnets that will
be using are made out of Neodymium Iron
Boron (NdFeB)

12. • 2 wooden guide ways
• Wires will be wrapped around guide way to
provide the levitation circuits
• A “G” scale model railroad track will be laid
between guide ways to provide support for take
off and stopping.
• A linear synchronous motor will be attached to
the track to provide propulsion

14. Superconducting Magnets
• Superconducting magnets on
train induce current on
conducting sheet
• Induced currents generate
magnetic repulsive force
• In conducting sheet guideway
there are power losses in sheet
• Slightly corrected by making
small conducting loops
• Still significant losses…

15. A Better Design
• James Powell, and
Gordon Danby invented
the “Null-Flux” system
• When the vehicle is at the
symmetry point of the
loop, the net magnetic
flux through the loop
circuit is zero

16. Forward Propulsion
• No connection with track
• Linear Synchronous Motor used
• AC current in windings in the guideway
• Speed in controlled by frequency of the AC power
• High efficiency because only the section of track that the
train is on needs current

17. video on forward
propulsion
• Synchronous motor

18.  The magnets on the train produce eddy
currents in the levitation coils when traveling
over them
 The method of levitation requires a certain
velocity before levitation will occur

19.  Same principle as a rotary synchronous
motor
 The rotor will be the Halbach Array
 The stator will be coils of wire on the
sides of the guide way
 The input will be a three-phase varying
frequency signal at a very low frequency
(2-10 Hz)

20. Thickness of Wire # of Turns Approx Amps
.0315 in 1 492 mA
.10189 in
10 awg
1 3.8 A
.10189 in
10 awg
5 9.9 A

21. • Compared the voltage and current graphs to find
the phase lag.
• Measured the resistance and calculated the
inductance of our coils.
• Used these to calculate the current needed at
minimum levitation speed and what that speed
is.

22. Conclusion
• There’s definitely a better way to travel
• Currently test tracks are being built in America
• Maglev transportation has a questionable future