Innovative technology

2. PROUDHADEVARAYA
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
SEMINAR ON
MAGLEV TRAINS
BY VEVINA STANLEY USN: 3PG19EC023

3. HOW MANY OF
YOU LIKE
TRAVELLING??

4. WHICH MODE OF
TRANSPORT DO YOU ALL
CHOOSE TO TRAVEL??

5. So, among
them which is
the fastest
mode of
transport?

6. SO...
HERE
COMES THE
MAGIC...

7. MAGLEV TRAINS
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.

8. CONTENTS
• ASTRACT
• HISTORY
• WHAT IS MAGLEV?
• SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS
• OBJECTIVES OF MAGLEV
• TRANSFER OF ELECTRIC POWER
• TYPES OF MAGLEV TECHNOLOGY
• COMPARISION WITH CONVENTIONAL
TRAINS
• ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
• CONCLUSION

9. ABSTRACT
• As the world continues to grow and as cities continue to become more crowded and
congested, our normal modes of transportation will not be able to handle these
overpopulated areas.
• The answer to this transportation problem lies in the world of electromagnetism
and superconducting magnets.
• Electromagnets and superconducting magnets have allowed us to create a
magnetic levitating train nicknamed "MAGLEV" that floats on the track instead of
being directly on it.
• This has a lot of potential to create trains that are superfast with low
maintenance requirements.
• China is the first country in the world to commercially use Maglevs.

12. HISTORY
• Maglev is a system of transportation that uses magnetic levitation to
suspend, guide and propel the vehicles using magnets.
• First described by Robert Goddard, American Rocket Scientist, 1909
Scientific American.
• Later in 1937 and 1941 a series of German patents for maglev trains
propelled by linear motors awarded to Hermann Kemper.
• In the 1960s in Britian Eric Laith wait developed a functional maglev train.

13. WHAT IS MAGLEV?
• MAGLEV = Magnetic + Levitation
Anything which may levitate ( raise or float ) by means of a magnetic levitation.
• Transport along with communication, forms the core of day to day life of
modern world.
• A genuine replacement for railways which is not only fuel efficient but also
highly comfortable and can attain unimaginable velocities of around 450-
500kms/hr. Maglev Trains
• The motion of the Maglev train is based purely on magnetism and magnetic
fields.

14. NORMAL MAGNETS
VS
SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS
• Normal electromagnets are not
able to increase the current value
beyond a certain limit due to
heating issue.
• Whereas in
Superconducting magnets the
temperature of the conductor is
lowered below critical temperature.
As a result there is no heating
issue.

15. MECHANISM OF MAGNETS:
• The challenge is to keep the coils in a super conducting stage.
• For this purpose, an onboard liquid helium refrigeration system is used.
• The refrigeration unit works on the principle of the Gifford McMahon refrigeration
cycle.

17. OBJECTIVES OF MAGLEV
For the successful operation of this train,
we have to
achieve the following 3 objectives,
1.Propel
2.Levitate
3.Guidance

18. PROPULSION SYSTEM
• Propelling the train forward is an easy task.
• For this purpose, we use a series of normal electromagnets. They are called
propelling coils.
• An alternating current runs through electromagnetic coils on the guide walls of
the guide way. This creates a magnetic field that attracts and repels the
superconducting magnets on the train and propels the train forward.
• Braking is accomplished by sending an alternating current in the reverse
direction so that it slowly stops by attractive and repulsive forces.

20. LEVITATING SYSTEM
• The passing of the superconducting magnets through levitation coils on the
side of the track induces a current in the coils and creates a magnetic field.
This pushes the train upwards so that it can levitate 10cm above the track.
• The train does not levitate until it reaches 50mph, so it is equipped with
retractive wheels.

21. GUIDANCE SYSTEM
• When one side of the train nears the side of the guideway, the super
conducting magnet on the train induces a repulsive force from the levitation
coils on the side closer to the train and an attractive force from the coils on
the farther side. This keeps the train in the center.

22. TRANSFER OF ELECTRIC POWER
• The central Japan Railway used the technique called Inductive
Power Collection for this purpose. Here, using the principle of
electromagnetic induction, electric power is transferred from the ground
coils to the power collection coils in the train without any material
contact.

23. TYPES OF MAGLEV TECHNOLOGY
There of Maglev technology;
1.Elctromagnetic Suspension (EMS)
2.Electrodynamic Suspension(EDS)

24. ELECTROMAGNETIC SUSPENSION
(EMS)
• Electromagnets are attached to
the train.
• They have ferromagnetic stators
on the track and levitates the
train. It has guidance magnets on
the sides.
• Its maximum speed is 434km/hr.
It has on-board battery power
supply.

25. ELECTRODYNAMIC SUSPENSION (EDS)
• Super cooled superconducting
magnets under the train.
• Levitate about 10 cm. The force on
the track is created by induced
magnetic field in wires or
conducting strips in the track.
Naturally stable. Requires no
feedback control.
• It requires retractable wheels at low
speed and its maximum speed is
522km/hr.

26. COMPARISION WITH
CONVENTIONAL TRAINS
FEATURE MAGLEV TRAINS CONVENTIONAL
TRAINS
SPEED Allow higher top speeds
since they don’t rely on
wheels for propulsion.
Speed is limited by the
use of wheels for
propulsion.
MAINTENANCE Requires insignificant
guide way maintenance.
Their electronic vehicle
maintenance is minimal.
Hence more reliable.
Rail is subjected to wear
and tear due to friction,
increases exponentially
with speed. This
increases running cost.

27. EFFICIENCY No rolling resistance due to
lack of contact between track
and vehicle.
This improves power efficiency.
Efficiency is affected by
rolling resistance due to
the contact with the
track.
ALL
WEATHER
OPERATION
Unaffected by snow, severe
cold, rain or high winds.
Can accelerate and
deaccelerate regardless of
slickness of guideway.
May encounter
problems due
to degradation of
guideway caused by
weather conditions

28. ADVANTAGES
• The Maglev tracks take up a lot less land, because they are elevated. This
also reduces the amount of collisions and accidents.
• Maglev trains use far less energy than other types of transportation.
• Maglev trains do not pollute.
• Maglev are much faster.
• Less maintenance.

29. LIMITATIONS
• It is too complex.
• It costs around 10,000 crores to lay a track of 1 km for Maglev trains.
• Very difficult track switching.
• Super heavy capital investment. That's the reason it is found only in 3
countries like Japan, South Korea and China.

30. CONCLUSION
• More energy efficient and environment friendly than present day
railway system.
• Maglev will have a positive impact on sustainability.
• Maglev trains are the future of the transportation world.