01 introduction to umt snew

1 © NOKIA CTXX 5319en 3.0.PPT/ 17.12.2002 / Björn Wigforss
Introduction to UMTSIntroduction to UMTS

After completing this module, the participant should be able to:
• List at least three significant events in the evolution of CDMA
networks
• List the four main network subsystems of UMTS Release 99
• Explain how existing GSM networks have evolved to support
additional services and new technologies
• Name the four basic air interface access technologies
• List at least three key benefits of WCDMA and identify at
least three advantages of 3G networks for both the operator
and the end-user
Objectives

19001900 First human voice transmission (Reginald
Fessenden)
19481948 John Pierce describes CDMA Multiplexing
Significant events in (W)CDMA evolution
Where was CDMA first used?Where was CDMA first used?
19061906 First radio broadcast (Fessenden)
19491949 Claude Shannon & John Pierce describe major
CDMA effects
19561956 "Antimultipath" RAKE receiver patented

1970s1970s CDMA used in several military communication and
navigation
systems
Why was CDMA implemented for military use?Why was CDMA implemented for military use?
1980s1980s Studies for narrowband CDMA for commercial mobile
networks
1990s1990s Studies for wideband (~5 MHz) CDMA for mobile cellular
systems

19961996 UMTS forum established
19971997 ITU requests proposals for candidate radio transmission
technologies for IMT-2000 radio interface
19931993 USA used CDMA standardised in 2nd generation
19981998 ITU receives 10 proposals for terrestrial RTTs and
5 for satellite RTTs including:
- CDMA2000 (USA)
- ARIB W-CDMA(Japan)
- UTRA (Europe)

19981998 3GPP formed to develop of a joint 3G system based
on evolved GSM core and UTRA air interface
19991999 ETSI starts UMTS project
19991999 4 UMTS licenses awarded in Finland
(beauty contest, January)
20032003 Commercial use of WCDMA networkCommercial use of WCDMA network

International Mobile
Telephone - 2000
Direct Spread
(on paired
frequency
spectrum)
CDMA
Multi Carrier
(on paired
frequency
spectrum)
Time Code
(on unpaired
frequency
spectrum)
Single Carrier
(on paired
frequency
spectrum)
Time Code
(on unpaired
frequency
spectrum)
TDMA FDMA
cdma2000 UWC-136
(EDGE)
(DECT)
Framework for 3G Systems
IMT-2000
radio
interface
options
3G systems
UMTSFDD mode TDD mode

3G.IP
OHG
Specification Bodies
UMTS

Vision of UMTS Specification
• Worldwide specified
• Clear added value to GSM and backward compatible with GSM/ISDN
• Full support for multimedia and advanced services
• Generic radio access
• Services must not be limited by the network capability.
UMTS Release 99
new radio interface solution
• more efficient
• more flexible
WCDMA
• FDD-mode
• TDD-mode
network evolution
• enhanced GSM core network
• enhanced service infrastructure

3GPP Specifications
• UMTS Rel' 99
• Compatibility with GSM
→ Inter-operability
→ Services
• UTRAN specifications, including WCDMA
air interface (Uu)
• Release 4 and 5
• mainly specifies All-IP core network
• call control and bearer control in separate
network elements
• Real time QoS classes for packet switched
infrastructure
• additional WCDMA solution (low chip rate TDD
mode)
• Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)
• Release 4 approximately implemented starting
from year 2003-2004

The subsystems of UMTS
WCDMA
ATM
Iu
NMS
CNRAN
O&M
Uu
UE
UE = User Equipment
RAN = Radio Acces Network
CN = Core Network
NMS = Network Management System
Service
Platform

3G network management layers
Mobility Management (MM)
Session Management (SM)
Communication Management (CM)
Radio Resource Management (RRM)
UE RAN CN
Higher layer functions:
• Service-related
• Charging of a Bearer
Higher layer functions:
• Service-related
• Charging of a Bearer
Circuit/Packet-switched
session management:
• PDP Context Activation
• CS-call Setup
• Bearer Need
• etc.
Circuit/Packet-switched
session management:
• PDP Context Activation
• CS-call Setup
• Bearer Need
• etc.
Managed mainly by
CN domains
• Location Update
• Location Registration
• Paging
• Security
• Positioning
• etc.
Control of Radio Resources
• Admission Control
• Code Allocation
• Power Control
• Handover Control and
Macro Diversity

3G Access Rate targets
Environment RT Service Peak Rate
(Delay fixedfixed 20 – 300 ms)
NRT Service Peak Rate
(Delay variesvaries 20 – 300 ms)
Rural Outdoor
(Speed < 250 km/h)
144 – 384 kb/s 144 – 384 kb/s
Urban/Suburban
(Speed < 150 km/h)
384 – 512 kb/s 384 – 512 kb/s
Indoor/Low Range Outdoor
(Speed < 10 km/h)
- 2 Mb/s
(Special conditions)
- 2 Mb/s
(Special conditions)
Pedestrian & Office (<10 km/h):
bit rate <= 2 Mb/s
Outdoor (< 150 km/h):
bit rate 384 kb/s, target 512 kb/s
Outdoor (<250 km/h):
bit rate 144 kb/s, preferably more
3G Radio Access

HW/SW Changes
Network evolution
MSC&VLR
HLR & AC & EIR
PSTNBSC
BSC
BTS
BTS
TCSM
TCSM
ISDN
A GSM network is made from 3 Sub-Systems (BSS, NSS and OSS)
Value Added
Service Platform(s):
SMSC, VMS
Even at the start, VAS (value added services) were part of GSM networks
TRX Change & Transmission Upgrade
HW/SW Changes
IN
IN was introduced for new services and differentiation (e.g. Pre-Paid)
IP Networks
Data Rates in GSM are increased by implementation of Features like HSCSD
SGSN
GGSN
IP Networks
GPRS is added to existing networks to support Packed DataHigher data rates are obtained by introducing EDGE in the GSM networkUMTS Rel'3; new BTS, Radio Network Controller, Media Gateway, 3G-SGSN
RNCBTS
3G-SGSN
MGW
GPRS adds improved data services with a new Packets witched backbone
Where SGSN and GGSN are two main elements

CDMA theory

So you seebla, bla, bla, yada, yada
110000110101100011101110001
The difference between analogue and digital
Analogue
Digital

FDD and TDD
Duplex Transmission
Frequency Division Duplex Time Division Duplex
frequency
time
frequency
time
Uplink
Uplink
Uplink
Uplink
Downlink
Downlink
Downlink
Downlink

With FDMA, the users transmit
simultaneously using separate frequencies
frequency
tim
e
m
obilephone1
m
obilephone4
m
obilephone2
m
obilephone3
carrier band

Space Division Multiple Access
Disadvantages with FDMA?Disadvantages with FDMA?

TDMA frame
frequency
tim
e
TDMA frame
Mobile Phone 1
Mobile Phone 1
Mobile Phone 1
Mobile Phone 2
Mobile Phone 2
Mobile Phone 2
Mobile Phone 3
Mobile Phone 3
Mobile Phone 3
Mobile Phone 4
Mobile Phone 4
carrier band
TDMA divides the frequency into multiple
time slices

Code Division Multiple
Access

Sharing the frequency by using different
codes
Codes
Power (P)
Time
Frequency

WCDMA air interface properties
Frequency
Band
Duration
(spreading factor)
Power
WCDMAOriginating Bit Received Bit

Spreading and sharing the same space
ff
ff
User AUser A
User BUser B
DataData Data afterData after
spreadingspreading
PP
PP
TransmissionTransmission
over the airover the air
DespreadDespread
User A signalUser B signal
at the receiverat the receiver
ff
ff
ff ff
P
P
P P

Managing interference in CDMA
DespreadDespread
signal atsignal at
the receiverthe receiver
TransmissionTransmission
over the airover the air
signalsignal
interferenceinterference
ff ff
pppp signalsignal
interferenceinterference

Features of WCDMA
• Efficient use of spectrum
• Limited frequency management
• Low mobile station transmit power
• Uplink and downlink resource utilisation independent
• Wide variety of data rates
• Improvement of multi-path resolution
• Statistical multiplexing advantage
• Increased standby-time from higher rate control
channels.

Key operator benefits
• New service capabilities means
new business opportunities for
operators, (further
differentiation)
• Revenue opportunity with
increased
data/voice traffic
• New frequency spectrum
• The path towards IP mobility

Key end-user benefits
• Integrated customised
services
• Simplified service
provisioning and service
upgrades
• Wireless personal Internet
• Multimedia messaging
• Enhanced e-mail
• Telecommuting
• Improved quality of service
• Support for video/audio clips

Please answer the Review questions

01 introduction to umt snew

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