The document provides an overview of WCDMA/UMTS architecture and radio resource management. It describes the evolution from 2G to 3G networks and the standardization of WCDMA. The key aspects of WCDMA air interface, UTRAN architecture, core network functionality, and radio resource management techniques like admission control, load control, packet scheduling, handover control and power control are summarized. Diagrams illustrate the system architecture and information flow between network elements.
The document provides an overview of 3GPP GPRS/UMTS architecture and the evolution to an all-IP architecture in Release 2000. It discusses the GPRS and UMTS architectures in Release 99, including key nodes and interfaces. It then summarizes the three steps in evolving to use Mobile IP for mobility management in UMTS. Finally, it outlines the new all-IP architecture in Release 2000, including new nodes, interfaces and protocols.
The document discusses the radio network controller (RNC) in 3G mobile and wireless networks. The RNC is responsible for controlling base stations connected to it. It performs critical functions like mobility management, power control, soft and softer handovers, link maintenance, and traffic concentration. The RNC allows communication between users and multiple base stations, providing advantages like fewer lost calls and improved quality of service.
This document discusses a project analyzing GSM cell parameters and calculating path loss using propagation models. It provides background on GSM, describes conducting drive tests to collect cell data in rural and urban areas, and analyzing the data using HATA and Free Space Path Loss models. Key information collected includes cell identity, location area code, GPS coordinates, and signal strength. The rural base station had sectors 1551, 1552, 1553 and the urban station had 50521, 50522, 50523. Path loss was calculated using the models to predict radio signal propagation.
UMTS system architecture, protocols & processesMuxi ESL
This document provides an overview of UMTS system architecture and protocols. It discusses:
- The logical architecture of UTRAN including RNC and Node-B elements.
- Interfaces between network elements are clearly specified to allow interoperability between equipment from different manufacturers.
- The main functions of the RNC include radio resource management, call management, and connection to the core network.
- Protocols in UTRAN include RRC for radio resource control, RLC for radio link control, and MAC for medium access control.
The document provides an overview of advanced wireless networks and UMTS. It discusses the evolution from 2G to 3G networks, including the limitations of 2G and requirements for 3G. It describes the UMTS architecture, including the UTRAN, core network, and protocols on the Iu interface. It also covers basic UMTS principles such as CDMA techniques, radio resources including frequency, time, and power/code, and radio resource management.
This document outlines the process for mobile originated and terminated calls in 3G networks. It describes the steps for a mobile originating call in 3 parts and a mobile terminated call in 3 parts, including setting up the GTP tunnel for transport. The document breaks down the end-to-end call flows for 3G connections.
The document provides information on the fundamentals and evolution of 3G mobile communication standards. It discusses:
- 1st generation standards including AMPS, TACS, NMT, and others operating between 30-200 KHz.
- 2nd generation standards including GSM, IS-136, IS-95, and PDC operating at 200 KHz, utilizing TDMA and early digital technologies.
- UMTS (3G) evolution through 3GPP releases, utilizing WCDMA technology, and achieving speeds up to 2 Mbps through improvements like HSPA and LTE.
The document provides an overview of 3GPP GPRS/UMTS architecture and the evolution to an all-IP architecture in Release 2000. It discusses the GPRS and UMTS architectures in Release 99, including key nodes and interfaces. It then summarizes the three steps in evolving to use Mobile IP for mobility management in UMTS. Finally, it outlines the new all-IP architecture in Release 2000, including new nodes, interfaces and protocols.
The document discusses the radio network controller (RNC) in 3G mobile and wireless networks. The RNC is responsible for controlling base stations connected to it. It performs critical functions like mobility management, power control, soft and softer handovers, link maintenance, and traffic concentration. The RNC allows communication between users and multiple base stations, providing advantages like fewer lost calls and improved quality of service.
This document discusses a project analyzing GSM cell parameters and calculating path loss using propagation models. It provides background on GSM, describes conducting drive tests to collect cell data in rural and urban areas, and analyzing the data using HATA and Free Space Path Loss models. Key information collected includes cell identity, location area code, GPS coordinates, and signal strength. The rural base station had sectors 1551, 1552, 1553 and the urban station had 50521, 50522, 50523. Path loss was calculated using the models to predict radio signal propagation.
UMTS system architecture, protocols & processesMuxi ESL
This document provides an overview of UMTS system architecture and protocols. It discusses:
- The logical architecture of UTRAN including RNC and Node-B elements.
- Interfaces between network elements are clearly specified to allow interoperability between equipment from different manufacturers.
- The main functions of the RNC include radio resource management, call management, and connection to the core network.
- Protocols in UTRAN include RRC for radio resource control, RLC for radio link control, and MAC for medium access control.
The document provides an overview of advanced wireless networks and UMTS. It discusses the evolution from 2G to 3G networks, including the limitations of 2G and requirements for 3G. It describes the UMTS architecture, including the UTRAN, core network, and protocols on the Iu interface. It also covers basic UMTS principles such as CDMA techniques, radio resources including frequency, time, and power/code, and radio resource management.
This document outlines the process for mobile originated and terminated calls in 3G networks. It describes the steps for a mobile originating call in 3 parts and a mobile terminated call in 3 parts, including setting up the GTP tunnel for transport. The document breaks down the end-to-end call flows for 3G connections.
The document provides information on the fundamentals and evolution of 3G mobile communication standards. It discusses:
- 1st generation standards including AMPS, TACS, NMT, and others operating between 30-200 KHz.
- 2nd generation standards including GSM, IS-136, IS-95, and PDC operating at 200 KHz, utilizing TDMA and early digital technologies.
- UMTS (3G) evolution through 3GPP releases, utilizing WCDMA technology, and achieving speeds up to 2 Mbps through improvements like HSPA and LTE.
This document provides an introduction to UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). It describes the context and limitations of previous mobile systems that led to the development of 3G systems like UMTS. The goals of UMTS are to provide high-quality wireless multimedia services across converged fixed and mobile networks. The technical overview explains that UMTS uses CDMA to separate users within a cell and has both FDD and TDD duplex modes for frequency division.
Umts Radio Interface System Planning And OptimizationDavid Rottmayer
The document discusses planning and optimizing UMTS radio networks. It begins with an overview of UMTS network architecture and the differences between UMTS and GSM radio system planning. Key aspects of UMTS planning include coverage and capacity planning occurring simultaneously, as capacity requirements influence coverage. The document then covers WCDMA air interface specifications, propagation environments, and the UMTS radio system planning process. It discusses challenges such as varying traffic levels and distributions. The document provides a typical link budget example and explains transmitter, receiver, and channel parameters considered in UMTS coverage planning.
This presentation covers:
How evolution has happened from First Generation Mobile Communication Systems to present day 3G/UMTS/WCMDA systems
Brief introduction of each Generation: GSM - 2G, 2.5 G - GPRS, 2.75G - EDGE, 3G and then LTE/4G
The document summarizes key aspects of the WCDMA physical layer. It discusses spreading and scrambling which increase signal bandwidth using channelization and scrambling codes. It describes transport channels which define how data is transferred physically, including dedicated and common channels. It also outlines physical channels such as the dedicated physical data and control channels for both uplink and downlink transmissions.
This document provides an overview of UMTS W-CDMA (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Wideband Code Division Multiple Access). It describes the basic architecture and channel structures of a 3G W-CDMA system. Key points include that W-CDMA uses CDMA technology with a chip rate of 3.84 Mcps and channel bandwidth of 4.4-5 MHz. It also discusses the various physical channels in the uplink and downlink, including dedicated channels, common channels, and how they are structured over timeslots and frames.
This document discusses WCDMA channels at different levels including logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels. It provides details on:
- Logical channels describe the type of information transferred and include control and traffic channels.
- Transport channels describe how logical channels are transferred over the interface and include dedicated and common channels.
- Physical channels provide the transmission medium and are defined by specific codes. They include channels like DPDCH, DPCCH, PDSCH, PRACH, and CPICH.
- The document also discusses the radio frame structure in WCDMA and details on different physical channel types and their characteristics.
The document provides an overview of the history and architecture of GSM cellular networks. It discusses the evolution from analog 1G networks to digital 2G and 2.5G networks. The key components of GSM architecture include the BTS, BSC, MSC, HLR, VLR, and AuC. GSM uses TDMA and FDMA to allow multiple users to share the frequency spectrum. It also relies on the SS7 protocol for signaling communication between network components to enable features like roaming.
This presentation covers:
What is a Radio Resource Unit ?
Why do we need RRM ?
Need of RRM in WCDMA ?
RRM algorithms Objectives
Different RRM functions : Handover, Power control, Admission Control, Code Management
The document describes the 3GPP Release 99 reference architecture for UMTS terrestrial radio access networks (UTRAN). It discusses the key network elements, interfaces, and protocols in UTRAN including the radio network controller (RNC), Node B, Iub interface between Node B and RNC, Iur interface between RNCs, and functions like radio resource management and handover control. It also provides an overview of the protocol stack and interfaces between UTRAN and the core network.
This document discusses the key interfaces, architecture, and procedures related to control and user planes, mobility management, and connection management in 3G networks. The control plane handles protocols for controlling radio access bearers and the connection between UE and network. It has physical, data link, and network layers. The user plane is responsible for transferring user data through access and core network protocols. Mobility management allows tracking and delivering services to mobile subscribers via location management, registration, and security functions. Connection management establishes and maintains connections to exchange information with peer entities.
This document provides an overview of the network architecture and signalling protocols in UMTS networks. It describes the main network elements of UTRAN, UE and CN. It explains the interfaces between these elements and the protocols used for communication, including RRC for UE-RNC signalling, RANAP for RNC-CN signalling, and NAS protocols for non-access signalling between UE and CN. It also summarizes the protocol stacks used over the Iu interfaces between RNC and CN for circuit-switched and packet-switched domains.
1. The three sets involved in 3G handover are the active set, monitored set, and detected set. The active set contains cells in soft handover, the monitored set contains cells to monitor, and the detected set contains detected cells.
2. The major difference between GSM and UMTS handover decision is that GSM uses time-based reporting while UMTS uses event-triggered reporting.
3. Events 1A-1F relate to changes in primary common pilot channel power levels and adding or removing cells from the active set.
UMTS-WCDMA is a 3G mobile communication standard that uses CDMA technology. It uses wideband CDMA with a chip rate of 3.84 Mcps for its air interface along with orthogonal variable spreading factor codes. The standard defines protocols and procedures for cell search, handover, uplink and downlink physical channels, and support for multirate services through variable spreading factors. Long term targets for UMTS-WCDMA evolution include higher data rates up to 100 Mbps for full mobility and 1 Gbps for low mobility, as well as improved spectral efficiency.
Overview of LTE Air-Interface Technical White PaperGoing LTE
1) The document discusses Long Term Evolution (LTE), a planned evolution of the 3G UMTS mobile communications standard to improve speed and capacity.
2) It provides an overview of the new LTE E-UTRA air interface, including performance requirements, key technologies like OFDM for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink, frame structure, and control channel design.
3) Initial system simulations show LTE can provide 2-3x the throughput of existing 3G systems for both uplink and downlink.
The document discusses different methods for establishing channels in radio technologies: FDMA uses different frequencies for each user; TDMA uses different time slots on the same frequency; W-CDMA uses unique code patterns to distinguish each user on the same frequency. It also describes the UMTS frame format and power control mechanisms in UMTS, including inner loop power control which adjusts transmission power based on comparisons to Eb/Nt objectives, and outer loop power control which estimates Eb/Nt objectives based on measured frame error rates.
The document provides an overview of LTE and its evolution from previous cellular standards. It discusses the targets of LTE including high data rates up to 100 Mbps, low latency, high spectral efficiency, and flexibility in spectrum and bandwidth. It also describes the EPS architecture with E-UTRAN, EPC, and the air interface structure of LTE including OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink. Key layers like the PHY, MAC, and RLC layers are also summarized.
The document describes the air interface protocols in LTE including the protocol stack and functions of each layer. The key points are:
- The protocol stack has physical, MAC, RLC, and PDCP layers, along with RRC for control and NAS for non-radio functions.
- The physical layer uses OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink, and provides basic transmission over the air interface.
- MAC handles transport channels, priority, and HARQ. RLC provides segmentation, reassembly, and error correction.
- PDCP performs header compression and ciphering. RRC handles mobility, security, QoS, and NAS message transfer.
-
This presentation discusses about the WCDMA air Interface used in 3G i.e. UMTS. This Radio Interface has great capability on which Third Generation of Mobile Communication is built, with backward compatibility.
WCDMA provides voice, data and video services at speeds ranging from 12.8kbps to 4.5Mbps using QPSK modulation over a 5MHz bandwidth. It uses a spread spectrum technique with wide bandwidth and supports ATM, IP and TDM access media. WCDMA introduces nodes like RNC, RBS and uses interfaces like Iu-CS, Iu-PS and Uu. It employs a Rake receiver and supports softer and soft handovers between nodes.
This presentation describes about UMTS major components Key features, NodeB, RNC, GGSN,MSC, SGSN,VLR,HLR, Charging function, UMTS base stations and info about UMTS number allocated for MS.
3G technologies provide improved digital voice and higher bandwidth data services over 2G. The key 3G standards are WCDMA, CDMA2000, and TD-SCDMA. WCDMA addresses issues like handover and power control. 4G will offer even higher data rates and bandwidth below 5GHz, along with lower costs per bit than 3G.
Dar es Salaam institute of Technology (DIT) provides training on digital networks including 3G and 4G mobile technologies. 3G networks introduced higher speed packet data and mobile multimedia services compared to previous generations. UMTS/WCDMA is an IMT-2000 3G standard that supports voice and fast packet data through technologies like HSDPA and HSUPA which enable peak downlink rates of 14.4 Mbps and uplink rates of 5.8 Mbps. HSPA+ further increases speeds through MIMO and higher order modulations.
This document provides an introduction to UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). It describes the context and limitations of previous mobile systems that led to the development of 3G systems like UMTS. The goals of UMTS are to provide high-quality wireless multimedia services across converged fixed and mobile networks. The technical overview explains that UMTS uses CDMA to separate users within a cell and has both FDD and TDD duplex modes for frequency division.
Umts Radio Interface System Planning And OptimizationDavid Rottmayer
The document discusses planning and optimizing UMTS radio networks. It begins with an overview of UMTS network architecture and the differences between UMTS and GSM radio system planning. Key aspects of UMTS planning include coverage and capacity planning occurring simultaneously, as capacity requirements influence coverage. The document then covers WCDMA air interface specifications, propagation environments, and the UMTS radio system planning process. It discusses challenges such as varying traffic levels and distributions. The document provides a typical link budget example and explains transmitter, receiver, and channel parameters considered in UMTS coverage planning.
This presentation covers:
How evolution has happened from First Generation Mobile Communication Systems to present day 3G/UMTS/WCMDA systems
Brief introduction of each Generation: GSM - 2G, 2.5 G - GPRS, 2.75G - EDGE, 3G and then LTE/4G
The document summarizes key aspects of the WCDMA physical layer. It discusses spreading and scrambling which increase signal bandwidth using channelization and scrambling codes. It describes transport channels which define how data is transferred physically, including dedicated and common channels. It also outlines physical channels such as the dedicated physical data and control channels for both uplink and downlink transmissions.
This document provides an overview of UMTS W-CDMA (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Wideband Code Division Multiple Access). It describes the basic architecture and channel structures of a 3G W-CDMA system. Key points include that W-CDMA uses CDMA technology with a chip rate of 3.84 Mcps and channel bandwidth of 4.4-5 MHz. It also discusses the various physical channels in the uplink and downlink, including dedicated channels, common channels, and how they are structured over timeslots and frames.
This document discusses WCDMA channels at different levels including logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels. It provides details on:
- Logical channels describe the type of information transferred and include control and traffic channels.
- Transport channels describe how logical channels are transferred over the interface and include dedicated and common channels.
- Physical channels provide the transmission medium and are defined by specific codes. They include channels like DPDCH, DPCCH, PDSCH, PRACH, and CPICH.
- The document also discusses the radio frame structure in WCDMA and details on different physical channel types and their characteristics.
The document provides an overview of the history and architecture of GSM cellular networks. It discusses the evolution from analog 1G networks to digital 2G and 2.5G networks. The key components of GSM architecture include the BTS, BSC, MSC, HLR, VLR, and AuC. GSM uses TDMA and FDMA to allow multiple users to share the frequency spectrum. It also relies on the SS7 protocol for signaling communication between network components to enable features like roaming.
This presentation covers:
What is a Radio Resource Unit ?
Why do we need RRM ?
Need of RRM in WCDMA ?
RRM algorithms Objectives
Different RRM functions : Handover, Power control, Admission Control, Code Management
The document describes the 3GPP Release 99 reference architecture for UMTS terrestrial radio access networks (UTRAN). It discusses the key network elements, interfaces, and protocols in UTRAN including the radio network controller (RNC), Node B, Iub interface between Node B and RNC, Iur interface between RNCs, and functions like radio resource management and handover control. It also provides an overview of the protocol stack and interfaces between UTRAN and the core network.
This document discusses the key interfaces, architecture, and procedures related to control and user planes, mobility management, and connection management in 3G networks. The control plane handles protocols for controlling radio access bearers and the connection between UE and network. It has physical, data link, and network layers. The user plane is responsible for transferring user data through access and core network protocols. Mobility management allows tracking and delivering services to mobile subscribers via location management, registration, and security functions. Connection management establishes and maintains connections to exchange information with peer entities.
This document provides an overview of the network architecture and signalling protocols in UMTS networks. It describes the main network elements of UTRAN, UE and CN. It explains the interfaces between these elements and the protocols used for communication, including RRC for UE-RNC signalling, RANAP for RNC-CN signalling, and NAS protocols for non-access signalling between UE and CN. It also summarizes the protocol stacks used over the Iu interfaces between RNC and CN for circuit-switched and packet-switched domains.
1. The three sets involved in 3G handover are the active set, monitored set, and detected set. The active set contains cells in soft handover, the monitored set contains cells to monitor, and the detected set contains detected cells.
2. The major difference between GSM and UMTS handover decision is that GSM uses time-based reporting while UMTS uses event-triggered reporting.
3. Events 1A-1F relate to changes in primary common pilot channel power levels and adding or removing cells from the active set.
UMTS-WCDMA is a 3G mobile communication standard that uses CDMA technology. It uses wideband CDMA with a chip rate of 3.84 Mcps for its air interface along with orthogonal variable spreading factor codes. The standard defines protocols and procedures for cell search, handover, uplink and downlink physical channels, and support for multirate services through variable spreading factors. Long term targets for UMTS-WCDMA evolution include higher data rates up to 100 Mbps for full mobility and 1 Gbps for low mobility, as well as improved spectral efficiency.
Overview of LTE Air-Interface Technical White PaperGoing LTE
1) The document discusses Long Term Evolution (LTE), a planned evolution of the 3G UMTS mobile communications standard to improve speed and capacity.
2) It provides an overview of the new LTE E-UTRA air interface, including performance requirements, key technologies like OFDM for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink, frame structure, and control channel design.
3) Initial system simulations show LTE can provide 2-3x the throughput of existing 3G systems for both uplink and downlink.
The document discusses different methods for establishing channels in radio technologies: FDMA uses different frequencies for each user; TDMA uses different time slots on the same frequency; W-CDMA uses unique code patterns to distinguish each user on the same frequency. It also describes the UMTS frame format and power control mechanisms in UMTS, including inner loop power control which adjusts transmission power based on comparisons to Eb/Nt objectives, and outer loop power control which estimates Eb/Nt objectives based on measured frame error rates.
The document provides an overview of LTE and its evolution from previous cellular standards. It discusses the targets of LTE including high data rates up to 100 Mbps, low latency, high spectral efficiency, and flexibility in spectrum and bandwidth. It also describes the EPS architecture with E-UTRAN, EPC, and the air interface structure of LTE including OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink. Key layers like the PHY, MAC, and RLC layers are also summarized.
The document describes the air interface protocols in LTE including the protocol stack and functions of each layer. The key points are:
- The protocol stack has physical, MAC, RLC, and PDCP layers, along with RRC for control and NAS for non-radio functions.
- The physical layer uses OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink, and provides basic transmission over the air interface.
- MAC handles transport channels, priority, and HARQ. RLC provides segmentation, reassembly, and error correction.
- PDCP performs header compression and ciphering. RRC handles mobility, security, QoS, and NAS message transfer.
-
This presentation discusses about the WCDMA air Interface used in 3G i.e. UMTS. This Radio Interface has great capability on which Third Generation of Mobile Communication is built, with backward compatibility.
WCDMA provides voice, data and video services at speeds ranging from 12.8kbps to 4.5Mbps using QPSK modulation over a 5MHz bandwidth. It uses a spread spectrum technique with wide bandwidth and supports ATM, IP and TDM access media. WCDMA introduces nodes like RNC, RBS and uses interfaces like Iu-CS, Iu-PS and Uu. It employs a Rake receiver and supports softer and soft handovers between nodes.
This presentation describes about UMTS major components Key features, NodeB, RNC, GGSN,MSC, SGSN,VLR,HLR, Charging function, UMTS base stations and info about UMTS number allocated for MS.
3G technologies provide improved digital voice and higher bandwidth data services over 2G. The key 3G standards are WCDMA, CDMA2000, and TD-SCDMA. WCDMA addresses issues like handover and power control. 4G will offer even higher data rates and bandwidth below 5GHz, along with lower costs per bit than 3G.
Dar es Salaam institute of Technology (DIT) provides training on digital networks including 3G and 4G mobile technologies. 3G networks introduced higher speed packet data and mobile multimedia services compared to previous generations. UMTS/WCDMA is an IMT-2000 3G standard that supports voice and fast packet data through technologies like HSDPA and HSUPA which enable peak downlink rates of 14.4 Mbps and uplink rates of 5.8 Mbps. HSPA+ further increases speeds through MIMO and higher order modulations.
This document provides an overview and summary of chapters in a book about UMTS and WCDMA technologies. It discusses topics like the standardization of WCDMA, the network architecture, physical layer specifications, radio resource management, and performance evaluations. The book appears to provide detailed information on the technical aspects and standard specifications of 3G mobile communication systems.
UMTS ... is 3G technology and concepts. It introduced a new radio access network called UTRAN and a new air interface called WCDMA. The core network was initially based on GSM/GPRS but was expanded with new nodes. UMTS defined four quality of service classes and new protocols were introduced for the user plane and control plane in UTRAN and between network elements. Key concepts included serving and drift RNCs for soft handover, and SRNS relocation for changing the serving RNC.
This document discusses cellular network planning and optimization, specifically for WCDMA radio resource management (RRM). It covers several key topics:
Quality of Service (QoS) in UMTS is achieved through a system of bearers that negotiate bandwidth and latency requirements between network elements. Radio access bearers connect the user equipment to the core network.
RRM functions like admission control, power control, handover control, and packet scheduling work to guarantee QoS, maintain coverage, and optimize cell capacity in WCDMA networks. Power control is a critical RRM mechanism that uses fast and outer loop techniques to control transmission power and mitigate interference.
The document summarizes the key concepts in planning and deploying a 3G WCDMA mobile network. It describes the network architecture including nodes like RNC, Node B and interfaces. It also explains radio network planning phases and considerations like frequency planning, link budget calculations, coverage and capacity planning. The document discusses technologies like HSDPA that enhance data capabilities and presents LinkIT, a planning tool developed to understand network planning mathematics.
Basic of 3 g technologies (digi lab_project).pptx [repaired]Shahrin Ahammad
The document provides an overview of 3G standards and the radio access network architecture. It discusses the reasons for switching from 2G to 3G technologies, including higher data rates and improved security. It then describes the components of the UMTS network architecture, including user equipment, Node B base stations, radio network controllers, mobile switching centers, and connections to external networks. The document also compares 2G and 3G network structures.
Here you are an interesting explanation about HSPA Technology. The High Speed packet Access is the combination of two technologies, one of the downlink and the other for the uplink that can be built onto the existing 3G UMTS or W-CDMA technology to provide increased data transfer speeds.
The original 3G UMTS / W-CDMA standard provided a maximum download speed of 384 kbps.
3G wireless systems provide improved digital voice communications and higher data rates compared to 2G systems. Key 3G technologies include WCDMA, CDMA2000, and UMTS. WCDMA uses direct sequence spread spectrum and supports capabilities like voice quality comparable to PSTN, data rates from 144 kbps to 2 Mbps, and both circuit-switched and packet-switched services. It also addresses issues like handover, power control, and quality of service support. 4G systems are still being developed and will offer higher data rates than 3G through the use of technologies like OFDM and operation at frequency bands below 5 GHz.
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1) Calculate MAPL using propagation model (Hata, Cost231 etc.)
Given: Carrier freq = 900MHz, BS height = 30m, Tx power = 20W
Using Hata model, calculate MAPL
2) Calculate cell range using MAPL
Cell range = sqrt(MAPL/2)
3) Calculate number of cells required for 100sqkm area
Number of cells = Area/Cell area
Cell area = pi * (Cell range)^2
4) Number of sites = Number of cells
For the given parameters, the calculations would provide the number of sites required.
The document discusses the evolution of 3GPP's Long Term Evolution (LTE) radio technology and System Architecture Evolution (SAE). It describes the initial feasibility study in 2004 to develop a high-data-rate, low-latency packet-optimized radio access technology. Key requirements were identified for peak data rates, latency, capacity, throughput, spectrum efficiency, mobility, and more. Radio interface options were evaluated, leading to the selection of OFDM for the downlink and SC-FDMA for the uplink. The evolved UTRAN architecture was defined consisting of eNBs interconnected by the X2 interface.
GPRS, EDGE, 3G and IMS technologies were presented. GPRS provided peak data rates of 115 Kbps using 200 KHz carriers. EDGE improved rates up to 384 Kbps using 8-PSK modulation and higher symbol rates. 3G systems like UMTS provided rates of 2 Mbps using 5 MHz carriers and new spectrum. IMS was also introduced as an important component of 3G networks for supporting multimedia services. The presentation covered network architectures, protocols and key technologies behind these mobile data standards.
Third Generation (3G) wireless systems focused on improving speed and effectiveness of critical communication over 3G standards - W-CDMA, UMTS, and CDMA2000. 4G provides even higher broadband speeds for live streaming, video conferencing, and location-based services. The document compares capabilities and standards of 3G and emerging 4G wireless technologies.
The document discusses 3G mobile communication technologies including UMTS. It describes the network architecture evolution from 3GPP Release '99 to Release 5. Key aspects covered include the core network, radio access network, bearer services, protocols, and handover mechanisms like soft handover.
Propelling 5G forward: a closer look at 3GPP Release-16Qualcomm Research
This presentation summarizes the 3GPP 5G NR Release 16 projects, including eMBB enhancements, unlicensed, sidelink, IAB, TSN, eURLLC, private networks, C-V2X, and more...
The document discusses the development of 3G cellular networks and standards. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) established the IMT-2000 standard to harmonize 3G systems worldwide and enable global roaming. IMT-2000 outlined performance targets for 3G networks to provide high-speed data and multimedia services to mobile users. Two main proposals were developed under IMT-2000: UMTS, backed by 3GPP in Europe, and CDMA2000, backed by 3GPP2 in North America and Asia.
The document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) Release 8. It discusses key requirements for LTE such as supporting high data rates, low latency, and an all-IP network. It describes the network architecture including components like eNodeB, MME, S-GW, and P-GW. It also covers functionality of these components and the protocol stack consisting of PDCP, RLC, MAC, and RRC layers. Mobility management, QoS, and comparisons to other technologies like HSPA+ and WiMAX are also summarized.
1) 3G networks use UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) architecture with Radio Network Subsystems (RNS) consisting of Node B base stations and Radio Network Controllers (RNC).
2) The RNC controls radio resources and handles user data traffic between the UTRAN and core network (CN), while Node B terminates the radio channels.
3) The UTRAN is connected to the CN via the Iu interface, which has separate planes for radio network control, transport network control, and user data. The CN provides both circuit-switched and packet-switched domains.
This document provides an overview of the evolution of 3GPP UMTS/HSPA mobile broadband technology. It discusses the progress and commercial deployment of earlier 3GPP releases such as Release 99, Release 5, and Release 6. It then focuses on Release 7, describing enhancements like MIMO for HSDPA, IMS/core network updates, and improved RAN capabilities. Looking ahead, it outlines the 3GPP work on developing a new radio interface and system architecture through initiatives like SAE, HSPA+, and LTE to support rapidly growing IP data traffic over the next decade with peak rates above 100 Mbps.
Similar to Maria D'cruz_WCDMA UMTS Wireless Networks (20)
2. 2
Outline
Evolution from 2G to 3G
WCDMA / UMTS Architecture
Air Interface (WCDMA)
Radio Access Network (UTRAN)
Core Network
Radio Resources Management
Admission Control, Load Control, Packet Scheduler
Handover Control and Power Control
Additional Briefs
Radio Network Planning Issues
High Speed Data Packet Access
WCDMA vs Ccdma2000
3. 3
Outline
What will not be covered
Antenna, RF Propagation and Fading
Added Services, e.g. Location Services
Certain Technical Aspects, e.g. WCDMA TDD
Mode, Base Station Synchronization
Detailed Protocol Structures
Detailed Design Issues, Optimizations
Performance Evaluation
cdma2000
4. 4
Evolution : From 2G to 3G
Source : Northstream, Operator Options for 3G Evolution, Feb 2003.
5. 5
Evolution : From 2G to 3G
Fully specified and world-widely valid,
Major interfaces should be standardized and
open.
Supports multimedia and all of its components.
Wideband radio access.
Services must be independent from radio access
technology and is not limited by the network
infrastructure.
Primary Requirements of a 3G Network
6. 6
Standardization of WCDMA / UMTS
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
Role: Create 3G Specifications and Reports
3G is standardized based on the evolved GSM core networks
and the supporting Radio Access Technology
Source : Overview of UMTS, Guoyou He, Telecommunication Software and Multimedia Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology
GSM
7. 7
Standardization of WCDMA / UMTS
Introduction of GPRS / E-GPRS
3GPP Release ‘99
Source : Overview of UMTS, Guoyou He, Telecommunication Software and Multimedia Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology
8. 8
Standardization of WCDMA / UMTS
3GPP Release 4
3GPP Release 5-6
All IP Vision
Source : Overview of UMTS, Guoyou He, Telecommunication Software and Multimedia Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology
9. 9
Standardization of WCDMA / UMTS
Multiple Access Method DS-CDMA
Duplexing Method FDD/TDD
Base Station Synchronization Asychronous Operation
Channel Separation 5MHz
Chip Rate 3.84 Mcps
Frame Length 10 ms
Service Multiplexing Multiple Services with different QoS
Requirements Multiplexed on one
Connection
Multirate Concept Variable Spreading Factor and
Multicode
Detection Coherent, using Pilot Symbols or
Common Pilot
Multiuser Detection, Smart
Antennas
Supported by Standard, Optional in
Implementation
WCDMA Air Interface, Main Parameters
10. 10
Outline
Evolution from 2G to 3G
WCDMA / UMTS Architecture
Air Interface (WCDMA)
Radio Access Network (UTRAN)
Core Network
Radio Resources Management
Admission Control, Load Control, Packet Scheduler
Handover Control and Power Control
Additional Briefs
Radio Network Planning Issues
High Speed Data Packet Access
WCDMA vs Ccdma2000
12. 12
UMTS Bearer Services
TE MT UTRAN
CN Iu
EDGE
NODE
CN
Gateway TE
End-to-End Service
External Bearer
Service
Radio Access Bearer
Service
Backbone
Network Service
UTRA
FDD/TDD
Service
TE/MT Local
Bearer Sevice
UMTS Bearer Service
CN Bearer
Service
Radio Bearer
Service
Iu Bearer
Service
Physical Bearer
Service
UMTS
13. 13
UMTS QoS Classes
Traffic class Conversational
class
Streaming
class
Interactive
class
Background
Fundamental
characteristics
Preserve time
relation between
information
entities of the
stream
Conversational
pattern (stringent
and low delay)
Preserve time
relation
between
information
entities of the
stream
Request
response
pattern
Preserve data
integrity
Destination is
not expecting
the data within
a certain time
Preserve data
integrity
Example of the
application
Voice,
videotelephony,
video games
Streaming
multimedia
Web browsing,
network games
Background
download of
emails
14. 14
UMTS In Detail
USIM
ME
Node B
Node B
RNC
Node B
Node B
RNC
MSC/
VLR
GMSC
SGSN GGSN
HLR
UTRAN CNUE
ExternalNetworks
Cu
Uu Iu
Iub
Iur
15. 15
WCDMA Air Interface
Wideband CDMA, Overview
DS-CDMA, 5 MHz Carrier Spacing,
CDMA Gives Frequency Reuse Factor = 1
5 MHz Bandwidth allows Multipath Diversity using Rake
Receiver
Variable Spreading Factor (VSF) to offer Bandwidth on
Demand (BoD) up to 2MHz
Fast (1.5kHz) Power Control for Optimal Interference
Reduction
Services multiplexing with different QoS
Real-time / Best-effort
10% Frame Error Rate to 10-6
Bit Error Rate
UE UTRAN CN
16. 16
WCDMA Air Interface UE UTRAN CN
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
User 1
User N
Spreading
Spreading
Received
Despreading
Narrowband
Code
Gain
⇒ Frequency Reuse Factor = 1
Wideband
Wideband
⇒ 5 MHz Wideband Signal allows
Multipath Diversity with Rake Receiver
Wideband
Narrowband
f
f
ff
f
f
t
t
Multipath Delay Profile Variable Spreading Factor (VSF)
User 1
Spreading : 256
Wideband
f f
User 2
Spreading : 16
Wideband
f f
⇒ VSF Allows Bandwidth on Demand. Lower
Spreading Factor requires Higher SNR, causing
Higher Interference in exchange.
17. 17
WCDMA Air Interface UE UTRAN CN
Mapping of Transport Channels and Physical Channels
Broadcast Channel (BCH)
Forward Access Channel (FACH)
Paging Channel (PCH)
Random Access Channel (RACH)
Dedicated Channel (DCH)
Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH)
Common Packet Channel (CPCH)
Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH)
Secondary Common Control Physical Channel
(SCCPCH)
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH)
Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH)
Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH)
Synchronization Channel (SCH)
Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
Acquisition Indication Channel (AICH)
Paging Indication Channel (PICH)
CPCH Status Indication Channel (CSICH)
Collision Detection/Channel Assignment Indicator
Channel (CD/CA-ICH)
Highly Differentiated Types of
Channels enable best combination
of Interference Reduction, QoS
and Energy Efficiency,
18. 18
WCDMA Air Interface UE UTRAN CN
Common Channels - RACH (uplink) and FACH (downlink)
• Random Access, No Scheduling
• Low Setup Time
• No Feedback Channel, No Fast Power Control, Use Fixed Transmission Power
• Poor Link-level Performance and Higher Interference
• Suitable for Short, Discontinuous Packet Data
Common Channel - CPCH (uplink)
• Extension for RACH
• Reservation across Multiple Frames
• Can Utilize Fast Power Control, Higher Bit Rate
• Suitable for Short to Medium Sized Packet Data
RACH
FACH 1 2 1 3
3P
3 1P
1
CPCH
1P
1
2P
2
19. 19
WCDMA Air Interface UE UTRAN CN
Dedicated Channel - DCH (uplink & downlink)
• Dedicated, Requires Long Channel Setup Procedure
• Utilizes Fast Power Control
• Better Link Performance and Smaller Interference
• Suitable for Large and Continuous Blocks of Data, up to 2Mbps
• Variable Bitrate in a Frame-by-Frame Basis
Shared Channel - DSCH (downlink)
• Time Division Multiplexed, Fast Allocation
• Utilizes Fast Power Control
• Better Link Performance and Smaller Interference
• Suitable for Large and Bursty Data, up to 2Mbps
• Variable Bitrate in a Frame-by-Frame Basis
DCH (User 1)
DCH (User 2)
DSCH 1 2 3 1 2 3
1 2 3 1 2
21. 21
UTRAN UE UTRAN CN
USIM
ME
Node B
Node B
RNC
Node B
Node B
RNC
MSC/
VLR
GMSC
SGSN GGSN
HLR
UTRAN CNUE
ExternalNetworks
Cu
Uu Iu
Iub
Iur
22. 22
UTRAN UE UTRAN CN
Node B
Node B
RNC
Node B
Node B
RNC
Iub
Iur
UTRAN
RNS
RNS
Two Distinct Elements :
Base Stations (Node B)
Radio Network Controllers (RNC)
1 RNC and 1+ Node Bs are group together
to form a Radio Network Sub-system
(RNS)
Handles all Radio-Related Functionality
Soft Handover
Radio Resources Management Algorithms
Maximization of the commonalities of the
PS and CS data handling
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network, Overview
23. 23
UTRAN UE UTRAN CN
Protocol Model for UTRAN Terrestrial Interfaces
Application
Protocol
Data
Stream(s)
ALCAP(s)
Transport
Network
Layer
Physical Layer
Signalling
Bearer(s)
Transport
User
Network
Plane
Control Plane User Plane
Transport
User
Network
Plane
Transport Network
Control Plane
Radio
Network
Layer
Signalling
Bearer(s)
Data
Bearer(s)
Derivatives :
Iur1, Iur2, Iur3, Iur4
Iub
Iu CS
Iu PS
Iu BC
Functions of Node B (Base Station)
• Air Interface L1 Processing (Channel Coding, Interleaving, Rate Adaptation,
Spreading, etc.)
• Basic RRM, e.g. Inner Loop Power Control
24. 24
UTRAN UE UTRAN CN
Node B
Node B
RNC
Logical Roles of the RNC
Controlling RNC (CRNC)
Responsible for the load and
congestion control of its own cells
CRNC
Node B
Node B
SRNC
Serving RNC (SRNC)
Terminates : Iu link of user data,
Radio Resource Control Signalling
Performs : L2 processing of data
to/from the radio interface, RRM
operations (Handover, Outer Loop
Power Control)
Drift RNC (DRNC)
Performs : Macrodiversity
Combining and splitting
Node B
Node B
DRNC
Node B
Node B
SRNC
Node B
Node B
DRNC
UE
UE
Iu
Iu
Iu
Iu
Iur
Iur
25. 25
Core Network UE UTRAN CN
USIM
ME
Node B
Node B
RNC
Node B
Node B
RNC
MSC/
VLR
GMSC
SGSN GGSN
HLR
UTRAN CNUE
ExternalNetworks
Cu
Uu Iu
Iub
Iur
26. 26
Core Network UE UTRAN CN
MSC/
VLR
GMSC
SGSN GGSN
HLR
CN
ExternalNetworks
Iu
Core Network, Overview
Changes From Release ’99 to
Release 5
A Seamless Transition from GSM to
All-IP 3G Core Network
Responsible for Switching and
Routing Calls and Data Connections
within, and to the External Networks
(e.g. PSTN, ISDN and Internet)
Divided into CS Network and PS
Network
27. 27
Core Network UE UTRAN CN
MSC/
VLR
GMSC
SGSN GGSN
HLR
ExternalNetworks
Iu-cs
Core Network, Release ‘99
CS Domain :
Mobile Switching Centre (MSC)
Switching CS transactions
Visitor Location Register (VLR)
Holds a copy of the visiting user’s
service profile, and the precise info
of the UE’s location
Gateway MSC (GMSC)
The switch that connects to
external networks
PS Domain :
Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
Similar function as MSC/VLR
Gateway GPRS Support Node
(GGSN)
Similar function as GMSC
Register :
Home Location Register
(HLR)
Stores master copies of
users service profiles
Stores UE location on the
level of MSC/VLR/SGSN
Iu-ps
28. 28
Core Network UE UTRAN CN
MGW MGW
SGSN GGSN
External
Networks
Iu-cs
Core Network, R5
1st
Phase of the IP Multimedia
Subsystem (IMS)
Enable standardized approach for IP
based service provision
Media Resource Function (MRF)
Call Session Control Function (CSCF)
Media Gateway Control Function
(MGCF)
CS Domain :
MSC and GMSC
Control Function, can control multiple
MGW, hence scalable
MSG
Replaces MSC for the actual switching
and routing
PS Domain :
Very similar to R’99 with some
enhancements
Iu-ps
MSC GMSCIu-cs
MRF CSCF
HSS
MGCF
Services & Applications
Services & Applications
IMS
Function
29. 29
Summary
• System Architecture, Bearer Services, QoS Classes
• WCDMA Air Interface : Spread Spectrum, Transport Channels
• UTRAN : Roles of RNCs and Node Bs
• Core Network : Roles of Different Components of R’99 and R5
USIM
ME
Node B
Node B
RNC
Node B
Node B
RNC
MSC/
VLR
GMSC
SGSN GGSN
HLR
UTRAN CNUE
ExternalNetworks
Cu
Uu Iu
Iub
Iur
30. 30
Radio Resources Management
Evolution from 2G to 3G
WCDMA / UMTS Architecture
Air Interface (WCDMA)
Radio Access Network (UTRAN)
Core Network
Radio Resources Management
Admission Control, Load Control, Packet Scheduler
Handover Control and Power Control
Additional Briefs
Radio Network Planning Issues
High Speed Data Packet Access
WCDMA vs cdma2000
31. 31
Radio Resources Management
Network Based Functions
Admission Control (AC)
Handles all new incoming traffic. Check whether new connection can be admitted to
the system and generates parameters for it.
Load Control (LC)
Manages situation when system load exceeds the threshold and some counter
measures have to be taken to get system back to a feasible load.
Packet Scheduler (PS)
Handles all non real time traffic, (packet data users). It decides when a packet
transmission is initiated and the bit rate to be used.
Connection Based Functions
Handover Control (HC)
Handles and makes the handover decisions.
Controls the active set of Base Stations of MS.
Power Control (PC)
Maintains radio link quality.
Minimize and control the power used in radio interface, thus maximizing the call
capacity.
Source : Lecture Notes of S-72.238 Wideband CDMA systems, Communications Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology
32. 32
Network Based Functions
RT / NRT : Real-time / Non-Real-time RAB : Radio Access Bearer
Source : Lecture Notes of S-72.238 Wideband CDMA systems, Communications Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology
33. 33
Connection Based Function
Power Control
Prevent Excessive Interference and
Near-far Effect
Open-Loop Power Control
Rough estimation of path loss from
receiving signal
Initial power setting, or when no
feedback channel is exist
Fast Close-Loop Power Control
Feedback loop with 1.5kHz cycle to
adjust uplink / downlink power to its
minimum
Even faster than the speed of
Rayleigh fading for moderate mobile
speeds
Outer Loop Power Control
Adjust the target SIR setpoint in base
station according to the target BER
Commanded by RNC
Fast Power Control
If SIR < SIRTARGET,
send “power up”
command to MS
Outer Loop Power Control
If quality < target,
increases SIRTARGET
34. 34
Connection Based Function
Handover
Softer Handover
A MS is in the overlapping coverage of
2 sectors of a base station
Concurrent communication via 2 air
interface channels
2 channels are maximally combined
with rake receiver
Soft Handover
A MS is in the overlapping coverage of
2 different base stations
Concurrent communication via 2 air
interface channels
Downlink: Maximal combining with
rake receiver
Uplink: Routed to RNC for selection
combining, according to a frame
reliability indicator by the base station
A Kind of Macrodiversity
35. 35
Additional Briefs
Evolution from 2G to 3G
WCDMA / UMTS Architecture
Air Interface (WCDMA)
Radio Access Network (UTRAN)
Core Network
Radio Resources Management
Admission Control, Load Control, Packet Scheduler
Handover Control and Power Control
Additional Briefs
Radio Network Planning Issues
High Speed Data Packet Access
WCDMA vs cdma2000
36. 36
Radio Network Planning Issues
Radio Link Power Budgets
Interference margin (loading) + Fast fading margin (power control
headroom) + Soft handover gain (macrodiversity)
Cell Coverage is obtained
Load Factor
Estimation of Supported Traffic per Base Station
Required SNR, Intracell Interference, Intercell Interference
Orthogonality of Channels
One of the example:
Soft Capacity
CDMA has no definite capacity limit
Can always “borrow” capacity from other cell or decrease QoS
Other Issues
Network Sharing
Co-planning
Inter-operator Interference
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
forward
0
reverse
0
1
Capacity
1 1
1
Capacity 1
1
b
b
W R p
j
E N dv s j f g h m
W R p
j h m
E N dv j f g h
= +
+ + + + +
= + + −
+ + +
37. 37
HSDPA
High Speed Downlink Packet Access
Standardized in 3GPP Release 5
Improves System Capacity and User Data Rates in the Downlink
Direction to 10Mbps in a 5MHz Channel
Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)
Replaces Fast Power Control :
User farer from Base Station utilizes a coding and modulation that requires
lower Bit Energy to Interference Ratio, leading to a lower throughput
Replaces Variable Spreading Factor :
Use of more robust coding and fast Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
(HARQ, retransmit occurs only between MS and BS)
HARQ provides Fast Retransmission with Soft Combining and
Incremental Redundancy
Soft Combining : Identical Retransmissions
Incremental Redundancy : Retransmits Parity Bits only
Fast Scheduling Function
which is Controlled in the Base Station rather than by the RNC
38. 38
WCDMA vs cdma2000
Some of the
Major Differences
WCDMA cmda2000 Remarks
Spread Sprectrum
Technique
5Mhz Wideband
DS-SS
Multicarrier,
3x1.25MHz
Narrowband DS-SS,
250kHz Guard Band
Multicarrier does not requires a
contiguous spectral band.
Both scheme can achieve similar
performance
Chip Rates 3.84Mcps 3.6864Mcps (1.2288
per carrier)
Chip Rate alone does not determine
system capacity
Frame Lengths 10ms 20ms for data, 5ms
for control
Response and efficiency tradeoff
Power Control Rate 1.5kHz 800Hz Higher gives better link performance
Base Station
Synchronization
Asynchronous Synchronized Asynchronous requires not timing
reference which is usually hard to
acquire.
Synchronized operation usually gives
better performance
Adopted by Telecommunications Industry Association, backward compatible
with IS-95, lately moved to 3GPP2 (in contrast to 3GPP for WCDMA) as the
CDMA MultiCarrier member of the IMT-2000 family of standard
39. 39
Wrap Up and Key References
What we have been talked about
2G to 3G Evolution
WCDMA Air Interface
UTRAN
Core Network
Radio Resources Management
Network Planning Issues
High Speed Data Packet Access
WCDMA vs cdma2000
Key References
WCDMA for UMTS, Radio Access for Third Generation Mobile Communications,
2nd Ed., Edited by Harri Holma and Antti Toskala
Overview of UMTS, Guoyou He, Telecommunication Software and Multimedia
Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology
Course materials from Course S-72.238 : Wideband CDMA systems,
Communications Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology
Editor's Notes
What do WCDMA / UMTS means?
Wideband CDMA, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, Standards
A very compact review of the very detailed standards
Roadmap of the Evolution of Wireless Network
2G Technologies -&gt; 2.5G -&gt; 3G
Provides Intermediate Steps of Transitions
Upper: GSM (EDGE: Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution)
Lower: CDMA
Focus on the Upper Stream -&gt; Introduce WHY WCDMA would be today’s focus
How can we position / define a 3G Network?
Let’s take a closer look of how 3G Network is evolved and standardized.
Illustrate by connection path.
MS -&gt; Access Network -&gt; Core Network -&gt; External Network
Only CS Domain
NMS: Network Management System
BSS: Base Station System
NSS: Network Support System
Later, in so call 2.5G, E-GPRS is introduced, BSS -&gt; Enhanced RAN
-&gt; First PS Domain
-&gt; Support new external networks connections
In 3GPP Release 99,
New name: UMTS
E-RAN evolved into UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network)
Upgrade of BTS, BSC to BS and RNC
After R99, there’s R4 and R5/6 (most updated)
Goes all the way to an ALL-IP Network
R4: Minor changes to the CS Domain
-&gt; Separate control and data switching
-&gt; More Scalable
(MSC: Mobile Switching Center, MGW: Media Gateway)
R5/6: Only PS Domain
-&gt; Circuit Routing: Virtual Circuit Switching
3G Requires a new Radio/Air Interface
3GPP’s UMTS adopted WCDMA
-&gt; Illustrates briefly
-&gt; Brief network by network, and their Functions
-&gt; Introduce the Concepts of Interfaces
-&gt; CN : CS / PS Domain
-&gt; Illustrates sample data paths (CS and PS)
USIM: Universal Subscriber Identity Module
VLR: Visitor Location Register
HLR: Home Location Register
Services Point of View
Connections is supported by different layers of bearer services.
-&gt; All defined by the standard
Elaborates some of the services
Elaborates briefly
Short conclusion : Architecture, Services, QoS
Now, Drill into the detail of the UMTS
3 Item: Air Interface, UTRAN, CN
What is an Air Interface?
What’s the Function?
Following Slides
-&gt; Principle and Advantage of the wideband technology
-&gt; Different physical channels and how they operates
Introduce Spread Spectrum -&gt; In order to illustrates Multipath and VSF
Protocol Model
Independent Horizontal Layer and Vertical Panes
Node B
Brief
Last Part, Core Network
Following slides:
Take 2 example for illustration, R99 and R5
Point out changes first
HSS: Home Subscriber Server
(Many Database Functions, e.g. HLR, DNS, Security, Network Access, etc)
Brief, Brief, Brief…
Introduces different States
Introduces how AC, LC, PS reacts
Admission Control (AC)
Handles all new incoming traffic. Check whether new connection can be admitted to the system and generates parameters for it.
Load Control (LC)
Manages situation when system load exceeds the threshold and some counter measures have to be taken to get system back to a feasible load.
Packet Scheduler (PS)
Handles all non real time traffic, (packet data users). It decides when a packet transmission is initiated and the bit rate to be used.
Connection based function…
Additional Briefs:
Make the presentation more complete
Drive of some further study areas