Improving Water Security in Water Stressed Bagmati River Basin, Nepal.Oswar Mungkasa
The document discusses improving water security in the Bagmati River Basin of Nepal. It outlines key issues like decreasing river flows, water pollution, and encroachment. The Bagmati Action Plan was developed to address these issues and envisions clean rivers through projects like sewage lines, waste water treatment, and river restoration. Future plans include watershed management, groundwater recharge, and dams to increase river flows. The document stresses the cultural and religious importance of protecting the Bagmati River to preserve Nepal's natural resources and heritage.
Concept and approach of springshed development and management 22 jan 2020India Water Portal
Over the last decade, demand for spring management has increased as traditional spring sources have started drying up or becoming contaminated. In response, communities, NGOs and state agencies began dedicated spring protection programmes. In the Himalayas, the State of Sikkim and organizations such as Central Himalayan Action and Research Group (CHIRAG) and People Science Institute (PSI) started identifying and protecting spring recharge areas around 2007. The difference between these programmes and many other previous efforts is that they went beyond supply-side improvements to focus on the use of hydrogeology to map springsheds for targeted interventions.
The Advanced Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (ACWADAM), a research and capacity-building organization comprised of hydrogeologists and other experts began lending their expertise and building capacity of stakeholders. ACWADAM provides technical support, training and materials in hydrogeology to all network partners as well as others in India and the region. Similar programmes began independently in most of the mountain regions of India. Arghyam, a funding organization that was supporting many of these programmes, noticed that these disparate initiatives shared commonalities despite geographic diversity. They thus organized and funded a meeting of these various organizations in June 2014, and the Springs Initiative was born.
The springs initiative aims to tackle the current water crisis and to ensure safe and sustainable access to water for all, by promoting responsible and appropriate management of aquifers, springsheds, and watersheds and conserving ecosystems in partnership with communities, governments and other stakeholders.
This presentation has been developed as a part of the springs initiative to promote an understanding of springs and their role in mountainous areas.
Improving Water Security in Water Stressed Bagmati River Basin, Nepal (2)Oswar Mungkasa
The document discusses efforts to improve water security in the Bagmati River Basin of Nepal. The High Powered Committee for Integrated Development of Bagmati Civilization (HPCIDBC) was established and created a Bagmati Action Plan to address issues like untreated wastewater disposal, solid waste dumping, and encroachment that were degrading the river's water quality. Activities carried out under the plan included constructing sewer lines, treatment plants, and riverbank protections. Future plans include watershed management, augmenting river flows through dams, and making the river basin's water management more sustainable and integrated. The conclusion states that the river environment can still be regenerated if these IWRM efforts are properly
Springshed Management and Springwater Quality AnalysisPankaj Thakur
This document summarizes a study on the current status, geology, and restoration plans for natural springs in the hilly region of Uttarakhand, India. It was conducted by the Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering under the supervision of four professors. The study presents an introduction on the importance of springs in the region and issues affecting them. It then outlines the objectives, literature review, study area description, methods used for delineating springshed boundaries, analyzing spring water quality, and developing a springshed management plan. Key results discussed include the current status of springs in Uttarakhand, the quality assessment of springs in Pithoragarh district, and delineation of the springshed study area.
The Bagmati River flows through Kathmandu Valley in Nepal, originating from the Shivapuri Hills north of Kathmandu and passing important religious sites like Pashupatinath Temple. However, the river is now highly polluted and encroached upon due to waste, lack of water flow regulations, and development. The document proposes solutions like strict pollution control regulations, awareness campaigns, preventing further encroachment, and ensuring minimum water flows to eventually clean the river, solve Kathmandu's water problems, and boost the local ecology and tourism.
This document outlines the content of a course on water demand management (WDM). The course covers WDM in context, municipal WDM options, benefits and a WDM plan. Key topics include the links between WDM and integrated water resources management, definitions of WDM, motivations for WDM, available WDM measures and the status of WDM in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries. The document provides learning outcomes for students and discusses constraints and incentives for implementing WDM.
Reviving Springs in Western Ghats_Dr. Jared Buono_2014India Water Portal
Dr. Jared Buono, Hydrologist at Gram Pari talks about how Groundwater recharge and Spring Revival can go hand in hand. It can supply clean drinking water and mobilize community at the same time.
Basin water allocation planning principles, procedures and approaches for ba...Shakil Ahmad
This document provides an overview of principles, procedures, and approaches for basin water allocation planning. It discusses the evolution of modern approaches which focus on optimizing existing water supplies through economic, social, and environmental analyses and assessments of trade-offs between competing users. Key aspects of modern allocation planning discussed include better balancing water rights and environmental protection, sophisticated environmental flow assessments, understanding water values and demands, and greater flexibility. The document outlines common objectives, processes, methods for sharing water between regions, defining water entitlements, and dealing with water variability in allocation planning.
Improving Water Security in Water Stressed Bagmati River Basin, Nepal.Oswar Mungkasa
The document discusses improving water security in the Bagmati River Basin of Nepal. It outlines key issues like decreasing river flows, water pollution, and encroachment. The Bagmati Action Plan was developed to address these issues and envisions clean rivers through projects like sewage lines, waste water treatment, and river restoration. Future plans include watershed management, groundwater recharge, and dams to increase river flows. The document stresses the cultural and religious importance of protecting the Bagmati River to preserve Nepal's natural resources and heritage.
Concept and approach of springshed development and management 22 jan 2020India Water Portal
Over the last decade, demand for spring management has increased as traditional spring sources have started drying up or becoming contaminated. In response, communities, NGOs and state agencies began dedicated spring protection programmes. In the Himalayas, the State of Sikkim and organizations such as Central Himalayan Action and Research Group (CHIRAG) and People Science Institute (PSI) started identifying and protecting spring recharge areas around 2007. The difference between these programmes and many other previous efforts is that they went beyond supply-side improvements to focus on the use of hydrogeology to map springsheds for targeted interventions.
The Advanced Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (ACWADAM), a research and capacity-building organization comprised of hydrogeologists and other experts began lending their expertise and building capacity of stakeholders. ACWADAM provides technical support, training and materials in hydrogeology to all network partners as well as others in India and the region. Similar programmes began independently in most of the mountain regions of India. Arghyam, a funding organization that was supporting many of these programmes, noticed that these disparate initiatives shared commonalities despite geographic diversity. They thus organized and funded a meeting of these various organizations in June 2014, and the Springs Initiative was born.
The springs initiative aims to tackle the current water crisis and to ensure safe and sustainable access to water for all, by promoting responsible and appropriate management of aquifers, springsheds, and watersheds and conserving ecosystems in partnership with communities, governments and other stakeholders.
This presentation has been developed as a part of the springs initiative to promote an understanding of springs and their role in mountainous areas.
Improving Water Security in Water Stressed Bagmati River Basin, Nepal (2)Oswar Mungkasa
The document discusses efforts to improve water security in the Bagmati River Basin of Nepal. The High Powered Committee for Integrated Development of Bagmati Civilization (HPCIDBC) was established and created a Bagmati Action Plan to address issues like untreated wastewater disposal, solid waste dumping, and encroachment that were degrading the river's water quality. Activities carried out under the plan included constructing sewer lines, treatment plants, and riverbank protections. Future plans include watershed management, augmenting river flows through dams, and making the river basin's water management more sustainable and integrated. The conclusion states that the river environment can still be regenerated if these IWRM efforts are properly
Springshed Management and Springwater Quality AnalysisPankaj Thakur
This document summarizes a study on the current status, geology, and restoration plans for natural springs in the hilly region of Uttarakhand, India. It was conducted by the Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering under the supervision of four professors. The study presents an introduction on the importance of springs in the region and issues affecting them. It then outlines the objectives, literature review, study area description, methods used for delineating springshed boundaries, analyzing spring water quality, and developing a springshed management plan. Key results discussed include the current status of springs in Uttarakhand, the quality assessment of springs in Pithoragarh district, and delineation of the springshed study area.
The Bagmati River flows through Kathmandu Valley in Nepal, originating from the Shivapuri Hills north of Kathmandu and passing important religious sites like Pashupatinath Temple. However, the river is now highly polluted and encroached upon due to waste, lack of water flow regulations, and development. The document proposes solutions like strict pollution control regulations, awareness campaigns, preventing further encroachment, and ensuring minimum water flows to eventually clean the river, solve Kathmandu's water problems, and boost the local ecology and tourism.
This document outlines the content of a course on water demand management (WDM). The course covers WDM in context, municipal WDM options, benefits and a WDM plan. Key topics include the links between WDM and integrated water resources management, definitions of WDM, motivations for WDM, available WDM measures and the status of WDM in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries. The document provides learning outcomes for students and discusses constraints and incentives for implementing WDM.
Reviving Springs in Western Ghats_Dr. Jared Buono_2014India Water Portal
Dr. Jared Buono, Hydrologist at Gram Pari talks about how Groundwater recharge and Spring Revival can go hand in hand. It can supply clean drinking water and mobilize community at the same time.
Basin water allocation planning principles, procedures and approaches for ba...Shakil Ahmad
This document provides an overview of principles, procedures, and approaches for basin water allocation planning. It discusses the evolution of modern approaches which focus on optimizing existing water supplies through economic, social, and environmental analyses and assessments of trade-offs between competing users. Key aspects of modern allocation planning discussed include better balancing water rights and environmental protection, sophisticated environmental flow assessments, understanding water values and demands, and greater flexibility. The document outlines common objectives, processes, methods for sharing water between regions, defining water entitlements, and dealing with water variability in allocation planning.
This document summarizes the groundwater experiences of Maharashtra, India. It discusses the state's extensive groundwater survey work including delineating groundwater potential areas and establishing networks of observation wells and quality monitoring stations. Community participation is emphasized in groundwater development and management initiatives. Various programs are highlighted such as watershed development projects, artificial recharge efforts, and innovative techniques to strengthen drinking water sources in a sustainable manner. Overall the document outlines Maharashtra's systematic scientific approach to groundwater resource assessment, planning and management.
T7: SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF INTEGRATED ...FAO
SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT, BY: A.ELMAJOUDI, Water, Soil Conservation and Forests Protection Division (HCEFLCD- MOROCCO), Land and Water Days in Near East & North Africa, 15-18 December 2013, Amman, Jordan
Springshed Management in HP_Dr Sunesh Sharma (PSI)_2014India Water Portal
This document summarizes a case study of springshed management in Sirmaur District of Himachal Pradesh, India. It provides demographic data and cropping patterns for the villages studied. Interventions included geological mapping, spring inventories, rain gauge installation, and formation of water management committees. Recharge structures like trenches and infiltration wells were constructed. Monthly water discharge was monitored and water quality improved after interventions. Impacts included formation of water user groups, increased and equitable access to water, improved source cleanliness, and a shift to more efficient irrigation patterns.
Presented by Panchali Saikia, International Water Management Institute
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
A hand note on water resource management, specially in the context of Bangladesh. I prepared the note for the MS final exam on the course water resource management.
This presentation discusses flood management in Bangladesh, focusing on floods in the Brahmaputra river basin. It outlines the various disaster management institutions in Bangladesh and year-to-year flood affected areas. Measures for flood control discussed include embankments, channel dredging, flood shelters, new drainage channels, flood detention dams, flood forecasting and relief efforts. Specific flood control projects on rivers like the Brahmaputra, Gumti and Khowai are described. The challenges of sediment deposition and need for continued dredging are also covered.
Over the last decade, demand for spring management has increased as traditional spring sources have started drying up or becoming contaminated. In response, communities, NGOs and state agencies began dedicated spring protection programmes. In the Himalayas, the State of Sikkim and organizations such as Central Himalayan Action and Research Group (CHIRAG) and People Science Institute (PSI) started identifying and protecting spring recharge areas around 2007. The difference between these programmes and many other previous efforts is that they went beyond supply-side improvements to focus on the use of hydrogeology to map springsheds for targeted interventions.
The Advanced Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (ACWADAM), a research and capacity-building organization comprised of hydrogeologists and other experts began lending their expertise and building capacity of stakeholders. ACWADAM provides technical support, training and materials in hydrogeology to all network partners as well as others in India and the region. Similar programmes began independently in most of the mountain regions of India. Arghyam, a funding organization that was supporting many of these programmes, noticed that these disparate initiatives shared commonalities despite geographic diversity. They thus organized and funded a meeting of these various organizations in June 2014, and the Springs Initiative was born.
The springs initiative aims to tackle the current water crisis and to ensure safe and sustainable access to water for all, by promoting responsible and appropriate management of aquifers, springsheds, and watersheds and conserving ecosystems in partnership with communities, governments and other stakeholders.
This presentation has been developed as a part of the springs initiative to promote an understanding of springs and their role in mountainous areas.
This document discusses integrated water resources management (IWRM) and its practical implementation. It provides an overview of IWRM, including its relevance to key development issues, characteristics, status of adoption globally, and challenges to practical application. Examples of successful IWRM applications and case studies that address problematic water management scenarios are also presented. The document explores linking IWRM programs to goals like the Millennium Development Goals and climate change adaptation through setting achievement milestones.
This document summarizes the concept of river basin management on a global scale and in India. It discusses how several countries have established River Basin Organizations to facilitate integrated planning and management of water resources within hydrological boundaries. In the US, the Tennessee Valley Authority pioneered this approach. In the UK, regional water authorities successfully manage resources across multiple uses in each river basin. Similar basin-scale management models exist in other countries like Australia, France and India. The document advocates adopting a holistic basin approach in India to address water-related issues in a sustainable manner.
Presented by Jaap de Heer
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
Water resources of pakistan A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Visiting Profes...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Pakistan has limited water resources to support its growing population. Surface water comes from three main rivers - the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab - which flow from the Himalayas. Groundwater is an important supplemental source but overuse has caused the water table to drop rapidly in many areas.
The document discusses urban flooding in the Chandbarh and Shakti Nagar areas of Bhopal, India. It analyzes the causes of flooding in Chandbarh, which has narrow streets and drainage canals, dense population, and little green space. In contrast, Shakti Nagar has wider streets, planned development, trees along roads, and parks, resulting in less flooding. The document then provides seven potential solutions to reduce urban flooding, including preserving forests and wetlands, installing green and blue roofs, building tree trenches and bioswales, using permeable pavement, and collecting rainwater in barrels or cisterns. All solutions require regular maintenance to function properly over the long term.
The document discusses water resources in Nepal. It provides background on Nepal's water policies, legislation, and management approaches. It notes that while Nepal has abundant water resources, less than 8% is currently used for irrigation. It describes the history of irrigation development in Nepal, from traditional farmer-managed systems to modern government schemes. It also outlines key Nepali laws governing water use, management of water resources, and the roles of different agencies. Finally, it discusses irrigation schemes, the features of farmer-managed irrigation systems, and Nepal's approach to integrated water resource management through stakeholder participation.
Water resources of nepal- in the context of climate change 2011 by wecsBhim Upadhyaya
This document provides an overview of water resources in Nepal and how they are being impacted by climate change. It discusses Nepal's river systems and water availability. It also examines existing water usage, including irrigation, groundwater, hydropower, and water supply. The document analyzes trends showing decreasing precipitation and streamflow. Climate change is negatively impacting glaciers and snowpack and increasing risks of flooding and drought. This is affecting agriculture and livelihoods. The document concludes by recommending further research and adaptive measures to address climate change impacts on Nepal's water resources.
The document provides information on the geographical location and topography of Bangladesh that makes it prone to flooding. Some key points:
- Bangladesh's location at the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers and its low-lying delta plains mean many areas are below sea level.
- Major floods in 1988, 1998 and 2004 caused widespread damage and affected millions of people.
- Both structural (embankments, shelters) and non-structural (forecasting, preparedness) measures have been implemented to reduce flood impacts, though large areas remain vulnerable due to the country's natural geography.
Wetland resources management in BangladeshTanvirHridoy1
Wetland resources management in Bangladesh
A patch of land that develops pools of water after a rainstorm would not necessarily be considered a "wetland", even though the land is wet. Wetlands have unique characteristics: they are generally distinguished from other water bodies or landforms based on their water level and on the types of plants that live within them. Specifically, wetlands are characterized as having a water table that stands at or near the land surface for a long enough period each year to support aquatic plants.
Wetlands are those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas.
By Zahir-ul Haque Khan, Sarafat Hossain Khan, Dr. M. Shah Alam Khan, Farhana Akter Kamal, Nasim Al Azad Khan
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document summarizes the groundwater experiences of Maharashtra, India. It discusses the state's extensive groundwater survey work including delineating groundwater potential areas and establishing networks of observation wells and quality monitoring stations. Community participation is emphasized in groundwater development and management initiatives. Various programs are highlighted such as watershed development projects, artificial recharge efforts, and innovative techniques to strengthen drinking water sources in a sustainable manner. Overall the document outlines Maharashtra's systematic scientific approach to groundwater resource assessment, planning and management.
T7: SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF INTEGRATED ...FAO
SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT, BY: A.ELMAJOUDI, Water, Soil Conservation and Forests Protection Division (HCEFLCD- MOROCCO), Land and Water Days in Near East & North Africa, 15-18 December 2013, Amman, Jordan
Springshed Management in HP_Dr Sunesh Sharma (PSI)_2014India Water Portal
This document summarizes a case study of springshed management in Sirmaur District of Himachal Pradesh, India. It provides demographic data and cropping patterns for the villages studied. Interventions included geological mapping, spring inventories, rain gauge installation, and formation of water management committees. Recharge structures like trenches and infiltration wells were constructed. Monthly water discharge was monitored and water quality improved after interventions. Impacts included formation of water user groups, increased and equitable access to water, improved source cleanliness, and a shift to more efficient irrigation patterns.
Presented by Panchali Saikia, International Water Management Institute
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
A hand note on water resource management, specially in the context of Bangladesh. I prepared the note for the MS final exam on the course water resource management.
This presentation discusses flood management in Bangladesh, focusing on floods in the Brahmaputra river basin. It outlines the various disaster management institutions in Bangladesh and year-to-year flood affected areas. Measures for flood control discussed include embankments, channel dredging, flood shelters, new drainage channels, flood detention dams, flood forecasting and relief efforts. Specific flood control projects on rivers like the Brahmaputra, Gumti and Khowai are described. The challenges of sediment deposition and need for continued dredging are also covered.
Over the last decade, demand for spring management has increased as traditional spring sources have started drying up or becoming contaminated. In response, communities, NGOs and state agencies began dedicated spring protection programmes. In the Himalayas, the State of Sikkim and organizations such as Central Himalayan Action and Research Group (CHIRAG) and People Science Institute (PSI) started identifying and protecting spring recharge areas around 2007. The difference between these programmes and many other previous efforts is that they went beyond supply-side improvements to focus on the use of hydrogeology to map springsheds for targeted interventions.
The Advanced Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (ACWADAM), a research and capacity-building organization comprised of hydrogeologists and other experts began lending their expertise and building capacity of stakeholders. ACWADAM provides technical support, training and materials in hydrogeology to all network partners as well as others in India and the region. Similar programmes began independently in most of the mountain regions of India. Arghyam, a funding organization that was supporting many of these programmes, noticed that these disparate initiatives shared commonalities despite geographic diversity. They thus organized and funded a meeting of these various organizations in June 2014, and the Springs Initiative was born.
The springs initiative aims to tackle the current water crisis and to ensure safe and sustainable access to water for all, by promoting responsible and appropriate management of aquifers, springsheds, and watersheds and conserving ecosystems in partnership with communities, governments and other stakeholders.
This presentation has been developed as a part of the springs initiative to promote an understanding of springs and their role in mountainous areas.
This document discusses integrated water resources management (IWRM) and its practical implementation. It provides an overview of IWRM, including its relevance to key development issues, characteristics, status of adoption globally, and challenges to practical application. Examples of successful IWRM applications and case studies that address problematic water management scenarios are also presented. The document explores linking IWRM programs to goals like the Millennium Development Goals and climate change adaptation through setting achievement milestones.
This document summarizes the concept of river basin management on a global scale and in India. It discusses how several countries have established River Basin Organizations to facilitate integrated planning and management of water resources within hydrological boundaries. In the US, the Tennessee Valley Authority pioneered this approach. In the UK, regional water authorities successfully manage resources across multiple uses in each river basin. Similar basin-scale management models exist in other countries like Australia, France and India. The document advocates adopting a holistic basin approach in India to address water-related issues in a sustainable manner.
Presented by Jaap de Heer
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
Water resources of pakistan A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Visiting Profes...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Pakistan has limited water resources to support its growing population. Surface water comes from three main rivers - the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab - which flow from the Himalayas. Groundwater is an important supplemental source but overuse has caused the water table to drop rapidly in many areas.
The document discusses urban flooding in the Chandbarh and Shakti Nagar areas of Bhopal, India. It analyzes the causes of flooding in Chandbarh, which has narrow streets and drainage canals, dense population, and little green space. In contrast, Shakti Nagar has wider streets, planned development, trees along roads, and parks, resulting in less flooding. The document then provides seven potential solutions to reduce urban flooding, including preserving forests and wetlands, installing green and blue roofs, building tree trenches and bioswales, using permeable pavement, and collecting rainwater in barrels or cisterns. All solutions require regular maintenance to function properly over the long term.
The document discusses water resources in Nepal. It provides background on Nepal's water policies, legislation, and management approaches. It notes that while Nepal has abundant water resources, less than 8% is currently used for irrigation. It describes the history of irrigation development in Nepal, from traditional farmer-managed systems to modern government schemes. It also outlines key Nepali laws governing water use, management of water resources, and the roles of different agencies. Finally, it discusses irrigation schemes, the features of farmer-managed irrigation systems, and Nepal's approach to integrated water resource management through stakeholder participation.
Water resources of nepal- in the context of climate change 2011 by wecsBhim Upadhyaya
This document provides an overview of water resources in Nepal and how they are being impacted by climate change. It discusses Nepal's river systems and water availability. It also examines existing water usage, including irrigation, groundwater, hydropower, and water supply. The document analyzes trends showing decreasing precipitation and streamflow. Climate change is negatively impacting glaciers and snowpack and increasing risks of flooding and drought. This is affecting agriculture and livelihoods. The document concludes by recommending further research and adaptive measures to address climate change impacts on Nepal's water resources.
The document provides information on the geographical location and topography of Bangladesh that makes it prone to flooding. Some key points:
- Bangladesh's location at the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers and its low-lying delta plains mean many areas are below sea level.
- Major floods in 1988, 1998 and 2004 caused widespread damage and affected millions of people.
- Both structural (embankments, shelters) and non-structural (forecasting, preparedness) measures have been implemented to reduce flood impacts, though large areas remain vulnerable due to the country's natural geography.
Wetland resources management in BangladeshTanvirHridoy1
Wetland resources management in Bangladesh
A patch of land that develops pools of water after a rainstorm would not necessarily be considered a "wetland", even though the land is wet. Wetlands have unique characteristics: they are generally distinguished from other water bodies or landforms based on their water level and on the types of plants that live within them. Specifically, wetlands are characterized as having a water table that stands at or near the land surface for a long enough period each year to support aquatic plants.
Wetlands are those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas.
By Zahir-ul Haque Khan, Sarafat Hossain Khan, Dr. M. Shah Alam Khan, Farhana Akter Kamal, Nasim Al Azad Khan
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document discusses pollution in the Ganga River. It provides several sources of pollution including untreated sewage, industrial waste, and religious rituals. It analyzes water quality data from various cities that show dissolved oxygen, BOD, and coliform levels exceeding standards. Efforts to clean the river including the Ganga Action Plan, National Ganga River Basin Authority, and Namami Gange program are outlined. Recommendations include addressing inadequate water flow, untreated sewage discharge, and point source industrial pollution.
Towards IWRM and River Basin Planning in NepalOswar Mungkasa
The document discusses opportunities and challenges for integrated water resources management in the Bagmati River Basin in Nepal. Key issues include pollution, unplanned urbanization, water scarcity, degradation of cultural sites, riverbank encroachment, sand mining, and overextraction of groundwater. However, opportunities exist through existing acts and regulations, institutions established to manage water resources, tourism potential along the river, public awareness campaigns, and ongoing projects to improve the basin. The document argues for utilizing these opportunities to help address challenges through a integrated river basin management approach.
A slideshow on Riverfront development (ongoing activities as well as prospective and necessary measures) in Varanasi, why Varanasi Ghats mean so much, why blind urbanization is not enough, etc.
The document provides information about the Ganga River Basin and the Ganga Action Plan (GAP). Some key points:
- The Ganga River Basin covers over 1 million square kilometers across several states in India and neighboring countries. It supports over 40% of India's population.
- The GAP was launched in 1986 with the objective of reducing pollution in the Ganga River and improving its water quality. This included intercepting and treating domestic sewage and industrial waste.
- Despite efforts under the GAP, the Ganga remains one of the most polluted rivers in the world due to continued disposal of untreated sewage and industrial/rural waste. Additional actions are needed to fully achieve the goal of cleaning the river
This presentation discusses how floodplains provide important ecological services to people living around the Yamuna River in India and why it is necessary to prtect and restore them in stead of embanking them for agriculture or construction.
Canal systems were built centuries ago in Scotland to connect waterways over geographical obstacles. One canal, connecting Falkirk and Edinburgh, had 11 locks to span an elevation difference of 79 feet. In the 1960s, construction began on an innovative solution - a boat lift or water carousel. Completed in 2002, this unique rotating boat transporter saves both time and energy compared to traditional locks. The giant arms can rotate 180 degrees in just 15 minutes, moving boats between the upper and lower canals.
This presentation discusses wastewater management challenges in different zones of the Indus river basin in Pakistan. It identifies three main hydrological zones: 1) a populated, high water use zone with depleting aquifers, 2) a high rainfall, low population zone, and 3) saline and waterlogged zones. For each zone, the presentation outlines key characteristics and proposes approaches to wastewater treatment, quality control, reuse, and addressing other related issues like declining water supplies and aquatic ecosystem protection. However, it notes that wastewater management faces challenges due to limited public sector capacity and financing for treatment systems.
The 22km stretch of the Yamuna river in Delhi is severely polluted, contributing over 80% of the pollution to the entire 1300km river despite making up only 2% of its length. Untreated sewage from Delhi's 22 drains flows directly into the Yamuna, reducing the dissolved oxygen levels and making the water unfit for even bathing. Despite significant government spending, pollution levels have only risen as sewage treatment remains inadequate due to outdated infrastructure and lack of enforcement. Saving the Yamuna is important for fresh water, groundwater recharge, flood control, recreation, and community well-being.
This PPT is about the river pollution in India- Talks about Sutlej river and Koovam River. This PPT also talks about Elinor Ostram principle for management of the commons
The document provides information about the Mahalaxmi Lake located in Vadgaon Town, Kolhapur, Maharashtra. Some key details include:
- The lake is 13km from Kolhapur City and has an area of 62.97 hectares.
- It was constructed in 1882 by the Maharaja of Kolhapur for drinking water and irrigation.
- Under the National Lake Conservation Plan, works like deweeding, desilting, and intercepting sewage were carried out to restore the lake between 2003-2005.
- Water quality monitoring shows improvements in parameters like dissolved oxygen and reduction in biochemical oxygen demand after project implementation.
- Infrastructure developments like embankment strengthening, plantation,
Ganges River question The Ganges River, shown in Figure 4.57, has an.pdfpearlcoburnsanche303
Ganges River question The Ganges River, shown in Figure 4.57, has an annual average flow rate
of 12,105 m3/s. The average temperature of the Ganges River was reported to be 24.68C. The
Ganges has become contaminated with raw sewage and industrial waste, so that the dissolved
oxygen in the river upstream of sewage discharges is 4.6 mg/L. Suppose that the raw sewage that
is untreated flows into the Ganges at a rate of 460 m3/s, the temperature is 258C, and the
dissolved oxygen in the sewage stream is completely depleted (i.e., DO 0). How would you
develop a plan for improving water quality in the Ganges River? 90\" 90 5 STAN 00 kn CHINA
BHU NDIA G.aga. Bana Bay of Bengal 20 Figure The Ganges River Basin Source: Based on
Rahaman, M.M. (2006) The Ganges water conflict: A comparative analysis of the 1977
Agreement and the 1996 Treaty
Solution
Ganges, the holiest river of India is 2500 kms long binding 5 different states of India and has a
huge cultural and spiritual signifincance. The Ganga River Basin is home to more than 600
million Indians which is the highest number of people supported by any river in the world.
However, this huge population has made the Ganges one of the most polluted rivers in the world.
Despite this iconic status and religious heritage, the Ganges today is facing formidable pollution
pressures and associated threats to its biodiversity and environmental sustainability. Increased
dumping of human waste, as well as industrial waste, is noted as the most common form of
pollution of the river. The studies indicate that a large proportion of pollution load in the river
came from the municipal wastewater generated in twenty-five Class I towns located on the banks
of the Ganges, each with a population exceeding 100,000. It constituted around 75% of the
pollution from all point-sources. Remaining 25% of the pollution from point-sources was mainly
due to untreated industrial effluent. Therefore, emphasis is to be given on interception and
diversion of wastewater and its treatment in Sewage Treatment Plants, before discharging into
river.
The data given are -
Annual average flow rate = Qr = 12105 m3/sec
DO in the river upstream of the sewage discharge = DOr = 4.6 mg/l
Flow rate of raw sewage flowing into the river = 460 m3/sec
DO of the mix is given by ( Qr x DOr + Qsewage x DOsewage ) / (Qr + Qsewage) which
according to the question gets depleted completely and one can observe the amount of sewage
that is being dump in the river every day.
Improving the water quality in Ganges can be initiated by preparing a plan, that guides
investment and choices. An obvious focus to be given on the critically polluted stretch and the
plan should prioritize the pollution hot spots and the investments with the greatest impact.Scarce
resources must be allocated to investments with the highest returns. The paucity of credible and
reliable water quality data on the Ganges must be rectified. The global experience shows that we
need good data, including.
The Ganges River flows from the Gangotri Glacier in Uttarakhand, India. According to Hindu mythology, the river flows from the locks of Lord Shiva's hair. It is considered sacred in Hinduism. Major sources of pollution in the Ganges include over 2.9 billion liters of human sewage discharged daily, as well as industrial waste from activities like textile, chemical and slaughterhouse operations. Efforts to reduce pollution and conserve the river include new sewage treatment technologies, turtle rehabilitation projects, and generating energy from methane.
The Sabarmati Riverfront Development project in Ahmedabad achieved several objectives: 1) It converted the polluted and neglected Sabarmati River into an asset by keeping it filled with water and eliminating pollution. 2) It created large civic spaces along the riverbanks for public recreation. 3) It established an institutional body to oversee planning and implementation. 4) It created a new landmark announcing Ahmedabad's arrival as a world-class city. However, some argue the project disrupted the river's natural ecology by straightening banks and reducing it to a narrow canal. There are also concerns about whether filling the river can be sustained given potential impacts of climate change.
water pollution in The yamuna river .pptRashmiSanghi1
The Yamuna river is one of the most sacred rivers in India, originating from the Himalayas and flowing through several states before merging with the Ganges. However, the river is now highly polluted due to untreated sewage and industrial waste being dumped into it, especially in Delhi. Various efforts have been made to clean the river, including Yamuna Action Plans that have built sewage treatment plants, but pollution levels remain high. Fully cleaning the river will require addressing the major sources of pollution as well as increasing public awareness and participation.
environment and water pollution in yamuna.pptRashmiSanghi1
The Yamuna river is one of the most sacred rivers in India, originating from the Himalayas and flowing through several states before merging with the Ganges. However, the river is now highly polluted due to untreated sewage and industrial waste being dumped into it, especially in Delhi. Various efforts have been made to clean the river, including Yamuna Action Plans that have built sewage treatment plants, but pollution levels remain high. Fully cleaning the river will require involvement and awareness efforts targeting citizens and industries along the river banks.
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Towards IWRM and River Basin Planning in Nepal: the Bagmati River Basin Experience
1. Towards IWRM and River Basin Planning in Nepal:
d d i i l i i l
The Bagmati River Basin Experience
Shishir Koirala, SDE, Water and Energy Commission Secretariat
Shi hi K i l SDE W t dE C i i S t i t
Arnaud Cauchois, Senior Water Resources Specialist, ADB
Lance Gore, Water Resources Specialist, ADB
Laurent Anstett, Researcher, IWMI
3. Bagmati River Basin
Bagmati River Basin
• 1‐ Introduction
• 2‐ Key issues and challenges
• 3 O
3‐ Opportunities
t iti
• 4‐ Way forward for Bagmati
ay o a d o ag at
Basin
6. Altitude (m)
1000
2000
3000
0
0
Shiva
apuri
Rangee
Sundarijal
Kathmandu
30
Teku Dobhan
Upper Part
Nakkhu Khola Con
nfluence
Damodarghat
Ku
ulekhani Khola Conf
fluence
60
M
Mahabharat
R
Range
Middle part
90
(i)
Kokhajor Kho Confluence
ola
Distance (Km)
120
S
Siwaliks
Marin Khola Co
onfluence
Raigau
Introduction contd…
150
way
Mahendra Highw Bridge
Lower Part
Chandi Khola Co
onfluence
180
Tera
ai
Badharwa
Bramhapuri
210
7. Introduction contd…
The Bagmati River is a tributary of
the Koshi River (Ganges River)
originating from the north of the
Kathmandu valley in the Shivapuri
hills.
hill
It has a catchment area of 3,710km2
in Nepal.
It is very important for Nepal
strategically, religiously, culturally,
economically, socially and
environmentally.
environmentally
Available water is utilized for water
supply, irrigation, hydropower,
religious, cultural, industrial and
religious cultural industrial and
recreational use within the basin.
8. Bagmati River Basin
Bagmati River Basin
• 1‐ Introduction
• 2‐ Key issues and challenges
• 3‐ Opportunities
• 4‐ Way forward for Bagmati
Basin
9. Key issues and challenges
Upper Reach
P ll ti
Pollution and Ecosystem
dE t
degradation (Uncontrolled disposal of
solid and liquid waste; More than half of
the fish species in the river have
the fish species in the river have
disappeared; Biologically dead)
Enforcing compliance of
the laws and their
effective implementation
Inadequate infrastructural
facilities(sewer systems,
treatment facilities, waste
t t t f iliti t
disposal sites) need to be
addressed.
10. Key issues and challenges (contd….)
Unplanned growing
urbanization (Migration due
to high level of insecurity, lack of job
t hi h l l f i it l k f j b
opportunities, health & education
facilities)
Proper urban planning
p p g
Land use zoning &
their proper execution
for new urbanization
process
Improvement of the
older settlements for
water and sanitation
access.
11. Key issues and challenges (Cont…)
Water Scarcity (Total estimated
demand of drinking water in
Kathmandu valley is about 330
million liters per day. Only about 137
million liters per day. Only about 137
million liters per day during wet
season and 70 million liters per day
during dry season is supplied. Only
one third of design area irrigated
one third of design area irrigated
during dry season. Water conflicts)
Augment the discharge of
the Bagmati river in
th B ti i i
Kathmandu Valley and
downstream
Regulate the groundwater
Regulate the groundwater
extraction
12. Key issues and challenges (Cont…)
Degrading Cultural and
D di C lt l d
heritage sites (Many
cultural and historical heritage
sites, eg Pashupatinath temple,
along Bagmati river banks and
other tributaries)
Immediate need to
protect, conserve and
renovate the important
renovate the important
cultural, historical,
religious and heritage
sites from further
sites from further
degradation.
13. Key issues and challenges (Cont…)
River banks encroachment
Ri b k h t
(17 squatter settlements ;2,134
people,1985; Increased to 64; 14,500
people in 2003 and many river sides
have been encroached upon
permanently for private residence,
schools, offices, business centers road
construction etc.)
Demarcation of the river
areas
River side land use map
p
Law enforcement to protect
the land from encroachment
& effective implementation
p
of building codes.
14. Key issues and challenges (Cont…)
Sand mining (river
deepening, narrowing,
impact on river
i t i
environment)
Find alternative
livelihood for
the people who
depend on the
d d th
income from
sand extraction.
15. Key issues and challenges (Cont…)
Over extraction of
O t ti f
groundwater (Haphazard
extraction of groundwater and
depletion of groundwater
depletion of groundwater
table; 5 to 6 times more than
critical recharge volume )
Regulating the
groundwater
d
extraction
Protection of the
recharge area
h
Finding suitable
alternative water
sources
16. Key issues and challenges (Cont…)
Middle and Lower Reach
Watershed
degradation and
water induced
water induced
disasters (Deforestation,
soil erosion, flooding ,
landslides etc)
Integrated watershed
protection
Water induced
W t i d d
disaster forecasting
system
Early warning systems
Early warning systems
need to be in place
17. Key issues and challenges (Cont…)
Other common issues
Other common issues
Institutional overlap
and lack of coordination
and integrated planning
(7 Ministries and numerous
departments directly involved in
water related development and
water related development and
management and hundreds of
NGOs)
Central level planning ,
p g,
coordinating and regulating
body with proper mandates
Preparation of
basinwide Integrated Water
Resources Development and
Management master plan.
Establishment of River
bli h f i
Basin organizations
18. Key issues and challenges (Cont…)
Lack of finance and infrastructure
Lack of finance and infrastructure
development (Limited financial resources and
inadequate water related infrastructures)
q )
Securing enough investment funds &
mechanism for infrastructure development &
their sustainable operation & maintenance.
Private sector involvement
Modalities for Public Private Partnership
19. Bagmati River Basin
• 1‐ Introduction
• 2‐ Key issues and challenges
• 3‐ Opportunities
• 4 Way forward for Bagmati
4‐ Way forward for Bagmati
Basin
20. Opportunities
• Acts and regulations
– Water Resources Act in 1993.
– Water Resources Strategy, 2002 and the National Water
Plan, 2005.
– Integrated Water Resource Policy and Nepal's Long Term
Water Resources and Energy Sector Vision (2050) under
formulation.
– Numerous other sectoral policies, acts, regulations (soil and
watershed conservation act, forestry act, environment protection act,
Irrigation policy, regulation; drinking water supply policy, regulation;
Irrigation policy regulation; drinking water supply policy regulation;
.....etc in place)
21. Opportunities (cont…)
• Institutions and mandates
– National Planning Commission, National Water Resources
Development Council.
D l tC il
– Water and Energy Commission Secretariat: Central level policy and
planning institution for development and management of Water Resources
and Energy sector.
– High Powered Committee for Integrated Development of
Bagmati Civilization: M d t d t k th B
Civilization: Mandated to keep the Bagmati River and its
ti Ri d it
tributaries within Kathmandu valley clean by preventing the direct discharge
of solid and liquid wastes to the river.
–S
Sectoral Mi i i D
l Ministries, Departments, Regional and District level
R i l d Di i l l
offices for implementation of projects.
22. Opportunities (cont…)
• T i
Tourism
– Religious (Pashupatinath,
Budhanilkantha, Swoyambhu,
Budhanilkantha Swoyambhu
Boudhanath etc)
– Historical (Kathmandu,
Lalitpur, Bhaktapur Durbar
squares
– Treaking (Shivapuri National
Park, Phulchowki , Godavari etc)
– River boating, sight seeing
23. Opportunities (cont…)
• Public Awareness Building
– Supreme Court ruling on
Bagmati pollution
– 100s of NGOs for Bagmati
improvement protection
improvement, protection,
cleaning etc
– Public demand and desire to
improve Bagmati
• Color
• Od
Odor
• Filth
24. Opportunities (cont…)
P t ti iti
Past activities
– Numerous studies related to Bagmati basin have been conducted
– Relatively Bagmati basin has more database available as compared to other
basins
– Many sectoral development activities have been undertaken in the basin,
many of which could be integrated into IWRM concept with little bit of
effort.
– ADB assisted TA 7547:Improving water security in Bagmati River Basin
(2010‐2012), outcomes:
• Bagmati River Basin Profile
• Identification of future investment programs for improving water security in Bagmati
basin
25. Opportunities (cont…)
Present activities
WECS activities
• With DHM (Department of Hydrology and Meteorology) – Three River
Basin Organizations (Koshi, Gandaki, Karnali) being established
• With WWF Nepal –Koshi River Basin Management Program: Piloting of
IWRM activities in Dudhkoshi and Indrawati rivers (tributaries of
Koshi)
• Under World Bank funded Irrigation and WRM Project– River Basin
Organizations in Babai and West Rapti Rivers being established
HPCIDBC working on interceptor drains construction along
HPCIDBC working on interceptor drains construction along
Bagmati, Waste Water Treatment, awareness generation,
river area improvement
Other sectoral organizatins with their mandated works
26. Opportunities (cont…)
ADB PPTA 8050:Preparing Bagmati River Basin Improvement Project
• Integrated and participatory River Basin Management
Support for RBO formation, legal and institutional strengthening
Establishment of central water resources information system
Preparation of Integrated River Basin Development and Management Plan
• Upper Bagmati river environment improvement
Dry season flow augmentation (dam construction)
y g ( )
River environment improvement and beautification (check dams and river right
of way protection beautification works)
Watershed management
• Integrated river training and irrigation development in middle/lower
Bagmati area
Irrigation development
Erosion control and river training works
Water induced disaster mitigation (early warning system, flood forecasting etc)
28. Bagmati River Basin
• 1‐ Introduction
• 2‐ Key issues and challenges
• 3‐ Opportunities
• 4‐ Way forward for Bagmati
Basin
29. Way Forward
Utilize the opportunities available to meet the
Utilize the opportunities available to meet the
challenges
Proper implementation of Bagmati River Basin Improvement Project
p p g p j
(BRBIP) and Kathmandu Valley Urban Environment Improvement
Project (KVUEIP)
The WECS to be given a de facto central leading role in planning
The WECS to be given a de central leading role in planning,
guiding and policy formulation within the water resources and energy
sectors.
Formation of a RBO for the BRB (possibility of HPCIDBC)
Formation of a RBO for the BRB (possibility of HPCIDBC).
32. Way Forward (cont…)
P f IWRM
Progress of IWRM G id li
Guidelines P t2 1
Part2-1
The ‘IWRM Spiral’ Conceptual Model
•Ideal Goals
(Added Value)
(Add d V l )
•Environmental
Mature Stage conservation
•Re-allocation of
water
Developing •Renovation of
Stage facilities
1.
1 Recognizing & 2. Conceptualizing
identifying •Water use
From ‘Scratch’ •Flood control
•Hydropower
Stage 3. Coordinating &
planning
1. Recognizing & IWRM Process
identifying 4. Implementing,
monitoring & evaluating
33. Way Forward (cont…)
P
Progress of IWRM for Bagmati B i
f IWRM f B ti Basin G id li
Guidelines P t2 1
Part2-1
The ‘IWRM Spiral’ Conceptual Model
Scratch Stage
Implementation of
BRBWRD&MP
• Bath-able water quality at
Review & Updating of Int. BRB wat. Res. Pashupatinath
BRBWRD&MP (2018) Dev. & Mngt. Plan • No odor
Bagmati RBO
Formation (2014) Preparation (2015) • N solid wastes
No lid t
BRBIP &KVUEIP Implementation of
Implementation (2013) Monitoring &Evaluation BRBWRD&MP (2015)
PPTA: BRBIP & Other sectoral acts and HPCIDBC and
KVUEIP (2013) Regulations/projects Its activities (1996)
Water Water Resources
Resources Act (1992) Strategy (2002)
National Water
WECS (1981) TA 7547: Water security Plan (2005)
Bagmati Action
In Bagmati Basin (2012)
Plan (2009)
34. Way Forward
• Diverse Issues
Diverse Issues
• Multiple Challenges
• Keys for Success
f S
– Committed and strong political backup
– Ad
Adequate i i i
institution, resource and l l mandate
d legal d
– Stakeholder involvement / consultation from the very early
stages of planning
– International Knowledge and Experience Sharing