The Ganges River flows from the Gangotri Glacier in Uttarakhand, India. According to Hindu mythology, the river flows from the locks of Lord Shiva's hair. It is considered sacred in Hinduism. Major sources of pollution in the Ganges include over 2.9 billion liters of human sewage discharged daily, as well as industrial waste from activities like textile, chemical and slaughterhouse operations. Efforts to reduce pollution and conserve the river include new sewage treatment technologies, turtle rehabilitation projects, and generating energy from methane.

3. • According to Hindus mythology ,river
ganges flows from Lord Shiva’s hair
locks.

4. Sources of Ganges
Source
Gangotri Glacier, Satopanth Glacier,
Khatling Glacier, and waters from melted
snow from such peaks as Nanda Devi,
Trisul, Kedarnath, Nanda
Kot, and Kamet.
Location Uttarakhand, India
Elevation 3,892 m (12,769 ft)
Coordinates 30°59′N 78°55′E/ 30.983°N 78.917°E/ 30.983;
78.917

5. Countries India, Bangladesh
States
Uttarakhand, Uttar
Pradesh,
Bihar, Jharkhand, West
Bengal

6. Gangotri Glacier is located in Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand,
India in a region bordering China. This glacier, source of the
Ganges.
Gomukh, terminus of the Gangotri glacier (lower right in image, behind
prayer flag). The Bhagirathi peaks rise in the background.
gomukh

7. Bhagirathi joins the Alaknanda to form the Ganges River proper
Devprayag, confluence of Alaknanda (right) and Bhagirathi (left)
rivers, beginning of the Ganges proper.

9. RELIGIOUS SIGNIFICANCE
The Ganga is mentioned in the Rig-Veda, the
earliest Hindu scriptures.
Ancient scriptures mention that The Ganges
carries the blessings of Lord Vishnu’s feet
and hence the name ‘Vishnupadi’ meaning
‘Emanating from the lotus feet of the
Supreme Lord Vishnu’.

10. The Story Of The Descent Of
Ganga
• King Bhagirath
through his penance
was responsible for
the descent of Ganga
from Heaven to
Earth
• As the might of the
river was too much
for Earth to
withstand, he prayed
to Lord Shiva who
caught the river in
his matted hair.

12.  Bhagirathi worshipped
Lord Shiva to bear the
force of Ganga when it
descends to earth from
heaven and save earth
from destruction.
 Lord Shiva agreed to
Bhagirathi's prayers
with a condition that
Ganga will go only
where Bhagirathi will
lead her

13. The reverence accorded to rivers is a gesture of
acknowledgement of their life sustaining abilities.
The Indian system of beliefs is based on an intimate
relationship with Nature.
BELIEFS

14. Hindu belief holds that
bathing in the River
causes
forgiveness of sins and
helps attain salvation.

15. The immersion of ashes of people is
believed to send the soul to Heaven.

16. Drinking the water of The Ganges is
believed to purify the soul.

26. DAMS
Tehri Dam was constructed on bhagirathi river,tributary of the ganges.It is
located1.5km downstream of Ganesh Prayag,the place where Bhilangana meets
Bhagirathi.
Bansagar Dam was constructed on the Son river,a tributary of the Ganges,for both
irrigation and hydroelectric power generation.

27. PRODUCTION
Fatuha was a city which was the largest development block of Bihar. Many
development projects are going on in this area. Some rural areas (Sonaruh,
Raipura, Niyamatpur, Kharbhaiya, Sohpar, Dumri-Saidpur...) are provided Basic
facilities like school, electricity, drinking water and roads. Fatuha has been
declared as a satellite city. Recently the chief minister of Bihar inaugurated the
Sonalika tractor plant under which many agricultural tools and machines will
be manufactured.

28. IRRIGATION
Emperor shah jahan built a canal for irrigation on the Yamuna river in the
early 17th century.The first British canal in India—with no Indian
antecedents-was the Ganges canal built between 1842 and 1854. Bhagirathi
is called Ganges after Devprayag. Construction of the dam in an earthquake
prone area was controversial.Bansagar dam was built on the Son river a
tributary of the Ganges, for both irrigation and hydroelectric power
generation.

29. KUMBH MELA (SOCIAL LIFE)
Kumbh mela is a mass hindu pilgrimage in which hindus gather at the Ganges.The
kumbh mela is celebrated every 3 years and the ardh mela is celebrated every six
years at Haridwar and Prayag,the purna kumbh takes place after every 12 years,at
four places-Prayag,Haridwar,Ujjain and nasikThe Maha (great) Kumbh Mela which
comes after 12 'Purna Kumbh Melas', or 144 years, is held at Allahabad.

37. See yuou river
ganges's
pollution
Friends I
want to say
that don’t
pollute our
river ganga.
2011
2012
2013

38. • An estimated 2.9 billion liters or more of
human sewage discharged into the Ganges's
daily.
• 200 million liters daily in the city of Varanasi.
• A large proportion of the waste in the
Ganges’s is from this population through
domestic usage like bathing ,laundry and
public defecation.
ABOUT THE POLLUTION
(human waste)

39. Pictures of the pollution

40. Pictures of pollution
•
•

41. • Countless tanneries, chemical plants, textile mills,
distilleries, slaughter houses, and hospitals
contribute to the pollution of the Ganges by
dumping untreated waste into it.
• Industrial effluents are about 12% of the total
volume of effluent reaching the Ganges.
• Although a relatively low proportion, they are a
cause for major concern because they are often toxic
and non-biodegradable.
about the pollution
(industrial waste)

42. Pictures of pollution
(industries)

43. Pictures of pollution (industrial waste)

44. • The ultimate objective of the GAP is to have
an approach of integrated river basin
management considering the various dynamic
inter-actions between abiotic and biotic eco-
system.
• Research and Development to conserve the
biotic, diversity of the river to augment its
productivity.
• To act as trend setter for taking up similar
action plans in other grossly polluted
stretches in other rivers.
How to control the pollution

45. • New technology of sewage treatment like Up-
flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and
sewage treatment through afforestation has
been successfully developed.
• Rehabilitation of soft-shelled turtles for
pollution abatement of river have been
demonstrated and found useful.
• Resource recovery options like production of
methane for energy generation and use of
aquaculture for revenue generation have been
demonstrated.