The document discusses the evolution of interactive paper and its frameworks, exploring past technologies and current approaches, such as electronic and augmented paper. It identifies future challenges such as software interoperability, automatic application deployment, and the need for common data formats. The document concludes by emphasizing the potential for integrating existing solutions and calls for collaborative efforts to advance interactive paper technology.

1. Interactive Paper: Past, Present and Future
Beat Signer and Moira C. Norrie
Department of Computer Science
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
http://www.beatsigner.com
PaperComp 2010, September 26, 2010

2. Paper Computing in the Past
Punch Cards, since ca. 1725
Reading Wheel, Ramelli, 1588 Electro Junior Toy
PaperComp 2010, September 26, 2010 Beat Signer - Vrije Universiteit Brussel - bsigner@vub.ac.be

3. Paper Computing in the Past ...
DigitalDesk, Wellner, 1991 Listen Reader, Back et al., 2000
Ariel, Mackay et al., 1995 Audio Notebook, Stifelman, 1993
PaperComp 2010, September 26, 2010 Beat Signer - Vrije Universiteit Brussel - bsigner@vub.ac.be

4. Current Approaches
Electronic Paper Augmented Paper
Amazon Kindle Anoto Digital Pen and Paper Technology
PaperComp 2010, September 26, 2010 Beat Signer - Vrije Universiteit Brussel - bsigner@vub.ac.be

5. Interactive Paper Frameworks
 Tools offered by Anoto
 SDK for PC applications and network applications
 Forms Design Kit (FDK)
 PaperToolkit
 integration of interactive and batched input handling
 Letras
 distributed event processing pipeline
PaperComp 2010, September 26, 2010 Beat Signer - Vrije Universiteit Brussel - bsigner@vub.ac.be

6. Interactive Paper Frameworks
 iPaper
 information-centric approach supports different
technologies, functionalities and applications
 separation of authoring and programming
 rapid prototyping (active components)
 Livescribe's Smartpen SDK
 application sharing and the user as a developer
 ...
PaperComp 2010, September 26, 2010 Beat Signer - Vrije Universiteit Brussel - bsigner@vub.ac.be

7. Future Challenges and Directions
 Future challenges for augmented and interactive
paper solutions include
 software framework interoperability and scalability
 automatic application deployment
 hardware and material sciences
 visual and interaction design
 cross-media information management
 deeper understanding of existing work practices
 …
PaperComp 2010, September 26, 2010 Beat Signer - Vrije Universiteit Brussel - bsigner@vub.ac.be

8. Input Device Independence
iPaper, Paper++ Project, 2001 iPaper, Paper++ Project, 2003
iPaper, EdFest Project, 2005 iPaper, The Lost Cosmonaut Project, 2004
PaperComp 2010, September 26, 2010 Beat Signer - Vrije Universiteit Brussel - bsigner@vub.ac.be

9. Input Device Independence ...
Bähr et al., PaperComp 2010 Bonnard et al., PaperComp 2010
Portocarrero et al., PaperComp 2010 Suzuki et al., PaperComp 2010
PaperComp 2010, September 26, 2010 Beat Signer - Vrije Universiteit Brussel - bsigner@vub.ac.be

10. Digital Ink Abstraction
 Most frameworks and toolkits define their own
proprietary digital ink representation
 existing standards (e.g. InkML) are often not used
 is there a need for new common data formats?
 Common data formats can help to
 exchange data between applications and across
different interactive paper frameworks
 realise mixed-media environments
PaperComp 2010, September 26, 2010 Beat Signer - Vrije Universiteit Brussel - bsigner@vub.ac.be

11. Scalability and Application Deployment
 Problem of existing augmented paper solutions
 isolated applications
 missing cross-application interaction
 Interactive Paper 2.0
 global and open architecture
 unique resolving of interactive paper services based
on a global paper lookup service (PLS)
- automatic application deployment
 service oriented architecture to enable cross-
application interaction and composition
PaperComp 2010, September 26, 2010 Beat Signer - Vrije Universiteit Brussel - bsigner@vub.ac.be

12. Visual and Interaction Design
 Visualisation of interactive
areas and functionality
• design patterns
 Interaction design
EdFest Project, 2004
• online versus offline
input processing
• lack of modal dialogues
EdFest Project, 2005
• multimodal interaction
 Findings might be applicable to traditional GUIs
 e.g. cross-application widget interaction
PaperComp 2010, September 26, 2010 Beat Signer - Vrije Universiteit Brussel - bsigner@vub.ac.be

13. Innovative Hardware and Materials
 Mobile solutions for feed-
back on paper documents
• spatially aware pro-
jection of information
• digital pen with display
• voice feedback
MouseLight, Song et al., 2010
• ...
 Fusion of electronic paper
and interactive paper
• printed electronics
PaperWorks Project, 2007
PaperComp 2010, September 26, 2010 Beat Signer - Vrije Universiteit Brussel - bsigner@vub.ac.be

14. Paper-Digital Authoring and Publishing
 Manual authoring
 Content-driven publishing
• e.g. EdFest brochure
• integration with third-
party applications
iPaper Manual Authoring Tool
• what about versioning?
 Automatic link authoring
• e.g. Print-n-Link
 Collaborative authoring
Print-n-Link, 2006
PaperComp 2010, September 26, 2010 Beat Signer - Vrije Universiteit Brussel - bsigner@vub.ac.be

15. Conclusions
 Various approaches for interactive paper and
paper computing
 are we missing a common abstraction layer in existing
architectures and do we need Interactive Paper 2.0?
 It might be the right time to think about the
integration of existing solutions to share efforts
 cross-disciplinary workshops
- e.g. CoPADD and PaperComp
 Network of Excellence (NoE)?
PaperComp 2010, September 26, 2010 Beat Signer - Vrije Universiteit Brussel - bsigner@vub.ac.be

16. Further Information
 Fundamental Concepts for Interactive Paper
and Cross-Media Information Spaces, Beat
Signer, ISBN 978-3-8370-2713-6, May 2008
 Interactive Paper: Past, Present and Future
 http://vub.academia.edu/BeatSigner/Papers/216727/Intera
ctive_Paper_Past_Present_and_Future
 Research papers about iPaper are available on
 http://vub.academia.edu/BeatSigner
 Presentation available on
 http://www.slideshare.net/signer/
PaperComp 2010, September 26, 2010 Beat Signer - Vrije Universiteit Brussel - bsigner@vub.ac.be