Presentation given at CoPADD 2006, 1st International Workshop on Collaborating over Paper and Digital Documents, Banff, Canada, November 2006 ABSTRACT: We present a component-based framework that supports the rapid development of a wide variety of interactive paper applications. The framework includes authoring and publishing tools as well as a server that supports the linking of active areas on paper to a wide range of different media types and services.

1. General Framework for the Rapid Development
of Interactive Paper Applications
Moira C. Norrie, Beat Signer and Nadir Weibel
Institute for Information Systems, ETH Zurich
8092 Zurich, Switzerland
http://vub.academia.edu/BeatSigner
November 4, 2006

2. Applications
 Enhanced Reading  Enhanced Writing
 interactive paper maps  photo album
 interactive festival brochures  researcher's notebook
 educational materials  mammography
 auction brochures  recommender system
 scientific publications  …
 …
 Paper-Based Interfaces  Artists' Installations
 PaperPoint  Lost Cosmonaut
 educational games  Generosa Enterprise
 digital libraries
 video analysis tool  Interactive TableTops
 …
November 4, 2006 CoPADD 2006 2

3. Input Devices
November 4, 2006 CoPADD 2006 3

4. Interactive Paper Architecture
Print-n-Link: Weaving the Paper Web
Moira C. Norrie
Dept. of Computer Science
ETH Zurich
8092 Zurich, Switzerland
norrie@inf.ethz.ch
Beat Signer
Dept. of Computer Science
ETH Zurich
8092 Zurich, Switzerland
signer@inf.ethz.ch
Nadir Weibel
Dept. of Computer Science
ETH Zurich
8092 Zurich, Switzerland
weibel@inf.ethz.ch
HTTP Request
ABSTRACT
Citations form the basis for a web of scientific publications.
engines and web browsers. The ease with which we can
not only find documents on the web, but also follow links
ID, Page, (x,y)
Encoded
Search engines, embedded hyperlinks and digital libraries to related documents is considered to be one of the main
all simplify the task of finding publications of interest on advantages of working with digital documents as opposed
the web and navigating to cited publications or web sites. to paper equivalents. Y many studies have shown that
et
However the actual reading of publications often takes place paper is still the preferred med ium when it comes to reading
on paper and frequently on the move. We present a system documents for reasons of comfort, mobility and also ease of
Print-n-Link that uses technologies for interactive paper to annotation.
enhance the reading process by enabling users to access dig- In this paper, we show how emerging technologies for in-
ital information and/or searches for cited documents from a teractive paper enable a bridge to be built between paper
printed version of a publication using a digital pen for inter- and digital document spaces that allows users to travel back
and forth between the two using the medium most appropri-
Position
action. A special virtual printer driver automatically gener-
ate to the current task and sit uation. Users can print doc-
XIMA
ates links from paper to digital services during the printing
process based on an analysis of PDF documents. Depend- uments for reading and, by activating hyperlinks on paper
ing on the user setting and interaction gesture, the system with a digital pen, they can not only access digital informa-
may retrieve metadata about the citation and inform the tion about related documents, but also initiate web searches
user through an audio channel or directly display the cited to retrieve copies of those documents. The retrieved docu-
document on the user’s screen. ments may in turn be printed for reading with automatically
generated embedded hyperlinks on the paper. Mobility is
supported by providing disconnected users on the move with
Categories and Subject Descriptors audio information about related documents and the option
D.2.11 [ Software Engineering ]: Software Architectures; of adding them to a request list to be processed when recon-
H.4.m [ Information Systems Applications ]: Miscella- nected.
neous; H.5.m [ Information Interfaces and Presenta- As an application, we take the everyday academic task of
tion ]: Miscellaneous reading scientific publications. Whether the reading activ-
ity is for the purpose of knowledge discovery or reviewing,
Response
readers regularly look up citations to other publications by
General Terms flicking to the reference list at the back of the paper. In some
Design, Algorithms, Experimentation cases, a search for the cited publication may follow and, if
AC
found, often it is printed and added to a pile of documents to
Keywords be read. Citations are the established means of providing the
links that form the basis of the scientific web of publications
Interactive paper, document integration, digital library, ci- that spans the digital and paper worlds. Just as citations
tation management within digital documents can be used to automatically gen-
erate hyperlinks to cited documents, we can automatically
1. INTRODUCTION generate links within paper documents through an analysis
Nowadays we are all familiar with the notion of hyperlinks of the PDF file when the document is printed.
as a means of creating interconnected document spaces that Section 2 presents a more detailed look at the activity
iPaper
can be easily searched and navigated with the help of search of reading scientific publications and a discussion of related
work. Section 3 describes the digital pen and paper tech-
nologies and how these can be used to support interaction
between paper and digital services. We then present the
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for general functionality of our enhanced reading system in Sec-
personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are tion 4 and the overall architecture in Section 5. Details of
not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies the virtual printer component used to analyse PDF docu-
bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to ments for automatic link generation as well as printing are
republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific
given in Section 6. Concluding remarks follow in Section 7.
Link DB
permission and/or a fee.
DocEng’06, October 10–13, 2006, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Copyright 2006 ACM 1-59593-515-0/06/0010 ...$5.00.
Interactive iPaper Client and
Document Output Device
November 4, 2006 CoPADD 2006 4

5. Input Devices
<<interface>>
InputHandler 0..*
<<interface>> Location
0..* InputDeviceEvent +handle()
+id: String
+getTimestamp() : long +page: int
+x: double
+y: double
Notifies
AbstractInputDeviceEvent DefaultInputHandler ...
TimestampedLocation
Creates
+timestamp: long
0..*
InductivePenEvent NokiaPenEvent ...
1
1 Creates
<<interface>>
<<interface>> 1 0..* 1
InputDeviceEventListener
InputDevice Notifies
+inputDeviceEvent()
+addInputDeviceEventListener()
+addInputHandler()
+removeInputDeviceEventListener()
+removeInputHandler()
AbstractInputDevice AbstractInputDeviceEventListener
InductivePen NokiaPen ... InductivePenEventListener NokiaPenEventListener ...
November 4, 2006 CoPADD 2006 5

6. iServer Cross-Media Platform
link
Entities
Selectors Resources
Shape Page Query DB Object
Time Span / Movie Clip XPointer XHTML
Data/Metadata
Spatial Info Document
iPaper Application Database
Movie Clips HTML Documents
November 4, 2006 CoPADD 2006 6

7. Interactive Paper Authoring
 iServer/iPaper interfaces
 Java API
 XML-based specification
 Web Service interface
 P2P interface
 Manual link authoring
 Content-driven publishing
 Automatic link authoring
November 4, 2006 CoPADD 2006 7

8. iDoc Publishing Framework
CMS
iDOC
Semantic Mapper
Document
Metadata Printer
Plug-ins Driver
Document DB
Positions and Print
Active Content
iSERVER
iPAPER
November 4, 2006 CoPADD 2006 8

9. Active Components
Button Image
Slider Sound
Slider2D Movie
DateSelector SQLClient
Browser XCMRequest
MapSelector ClientCtrlRequest
Rating PaperPointControl
Capture PaperPointAnnot
CaptureAndSpeak ...
November 4, 2006 CoPADD 2006 9

10. Slider / Slider2D Active Component
November 4, 2006 CoPADD 2006 10

11. Conclusions
 General framework for interactive paper
 Cross-media information server
 extensibility (resource plug-ins)
 link service acessible through various APIs
 active content
 information sharing
 Constantly growing set of resource plug-ins and
active components
November 4, 2006 CoPADD 2006 11