The document provides information about the Web Information Systems course taught by Professor Beat Signer at Vrije Universiteit Brussel. It outlines the course structure, schedule, assignments and exams. The course covers topics such as web architectures, HTML, XML, web application frameworks, semantic web, web search and future trends. Students will complete a group assignment to build a web application and will have an oral exam.
Interactive Paper: Past, Present and FutureBeat Signer
Presentation given at PaperComp 2010, 1st International Workshop on Paper Computing, Copenhagen, Denmark, September 2010
ABSTRACT: Over the last few years, there has been a significant increase in the number of researchers dealing with the integration of paper and digital information or services. While recent technological developments enable new forms of paper-digital integration and interaction, some of the original research on interactive paper dates back almost twenty years. We give a brief overview of the most relevant past and current interactive paper developments. Then, based on our experience in developing a wide variety of interactive paper solutions over the last decade, as well as the results of other research groups, we outline future directions and challenges for the realisation of innovative interactive paper solutions.
Further, we propose the definition of common data formats and interactive paper design patterns to ensure future cross-application and framework interoperability.
Interactive Paper: Past, Present and FutureBeat Signer
Presentation given at PaperComp 2010, 1st International Workshop on Paper Computing, Copenhagen, Denmark, September 2010
ABSTRACT: Over the last few years, there has been a significant increase in the number of researchers dealing with the integration of paper and digital information or services. While recent technological developments enable new forms of paper-digital integration and interaction, some of the original research on interactive paper dates back almost twenty years. We give a brief overview of the most relevant past and current interactive paper developments. Then, based on our experience in developing a wide variety of interactive paper solutions over the last decade, as well as the results of other research groups, we outline future directions and challenges for the realisation of innovative interactive paper solutions.
Further, we propose the definition of common data formats and interactive paper design patterns to ensure future cross-application and framework interoperability.
Cross-Media Information Spaces and Architectures (CISA)Beat Signer
Research on cross-media information spaces and architectures covering interactive paper, personal information management, data physicalisation, document engineering, gesture recognition, presentation tools, next generation user interfaces and other topics.
Reflections on 10 years of the Institutional Weblisbk
Slides from a talk by Andy Powell on "Reflections on 10 years of the Institutional Web" given at the Institutional Web Management Workshop 2006 on 16 June 2006.
See <http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/talks/powell/>.
"MOVE YOUR AVATAR — E-Learning & E-Teaching at Berlin School of Economics and Law"; Talk at London Southbank University PhD Research Conference, 26 June 2014
As we enter the second decade of open course materials, interest is growing in alternate models that include much more of the support necessary for independent learners and that can be used directly as courses at colleges and universities. This “open courseware” builds upon the lessons learned in openly publishing course materials through OpenCourseWares (including MIT), as well as the opportunities raised by the confluence of the growing interest in open educational resources (OERs) coupled with declining university budgets. Through Project Greenfield we aim to build upon selected course materials published by MIT OpenCourseWare and transform them into “full courses” including support for formative assessment, the addition of existing, illustrative and interactive OERs. Presented by Brandon Muramatsu at the OER'11 Conference, Manchester, UK, May 12, 2011.
From PaperPoint to MindXpres - Towards Enhanced Presentation ToolsBeat Signer
Presentation given at Education Thursday, December, 2014
Related publications:
PaperPoint: https://www.academia.edu/175439/
MindXpres: https://www.academia.edu/7719770/
LUCERO - Building the Open University's Web of Linked DataMathieu d'Aquin
Seminar given at KMi, the Open University about the LUCERO project (http://lucero-project.info) and the process of building http://data.open.ac.uk.
Video available at
http://stadium.open.ac.uk/1570
Cross-Media Information Spaces and Architectures (CISA)Beat Signer
Research on cross-media information spaces and architectures covering interactive paper, personal information management, data physicalisation, document engineering, gesture recognition, presentation tools, next generation user interfaces and other topics.
Reflections on 10 years of the Institutional Weblisbk
Slides from a talk by Andy Powell on "Reflections on 10 years of the Institutional Web" given at the Institutional Web Management Workshop 2006 on 16 June 2006.
See <http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/talks/powell/>.
"MOVE YOUR AVATAR — E-Learning & E-Teaching at Berlin School of Economics and Law"; Talk at London Southbank University PhD Research Conference, 26 June 2014
As we enter the second decade of open course materials, interest is growing in alternate models that include much more of the support necessary for independent learners and that can be used directly as courses at colleges and universities. This “open courseware” builds upon the lessons learned in openly publishing course materials through OpenCourseWares (including MIT), as well as the opportunities raised by the confluence of the growing interest in open educational resources (OERs) coupled with declining university budgets. Through Project Greenfield we aim to build upon selected course materials published by MIT OpenCourseWare and transform them into “full courses” including support for formative assessment, the addition of existing, illustrative and interactive OERs. Presented by Brandon Muramatsu at the OER'11 Conference, Manchester, UK, May 12, 2011.
From PaperPoint to MindXpres - Towards Enhanced Presentation ToolsBeat Signer
Presentation given at Education Thursday, December, 2014
Related publications:
PaperPoint: https://www.academia.edu/175439/
MindXpres: https://www.academia.edu/7719770/
LUCERO - Building the Open University's Web of Linked DataMathieu d'Aquin
Seminar given at KMi, the Open University about the LUCERO project (http://lucero-project.info) and the process of building http://data.open.ac.uk.
Video available at
http://stadium.open.ac.uk/1570
Bring your own idea - Visual learning analyticsJoris Klerkx
Workshop on visual learning analytics that was part of LASI 2014 - http://www.solaresearch.org/events/lasi-2/lasi2014/
Examples of learning dashboards were presented during the workshop by Sven Charleer:
http://www.slideshare.net/svencharleer/learning-dashboard-visual-learning-analytics-workshop-lasi2014-h-harvard
The theoretical content of the Information Technology & Computer Science field includes:
Computation theory
Computer programming
Data format and coding
Management, storage and retrieval of information in a computer environment
Robotics programming and artificial intelligence
Systems analysis.
The main purpose of this broad field of education is to develop an understanding of information systems, programming languages, information management and artificial intelligence, the ability to apply them to solve problems.
Get a step closer to your dream career and
Similar to Introduction - Lecture 01 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR) (20)
Indoor Positioning Using the OpenHPS FrameworkBeat Signer
Research paper presentation given at IPIN 2021, Lloret de Mar, Spain.
Hybrid positioning frameworks use various sensors and algorithms to enhance positioning through different types of fusion. The optimisation of the fusion process requires the testing of different algorithm parameters and optimal lowas well as high-level sensor fusion techniques. The presented OpenHPS open source hybrid positioning system is a modular framework managing individual nodes in a process network, which can be configured to support concrete positioning use cases or to adapt to specific technologies. This modularity allows developers to rapidly develop and optimise their positioning system while still providing them the flexibility to add their own algorithms. In this paper we discuss how a process network developed with OpenHPS can be used to realise a customisable indoor positioning solution with an offline and online stage, and how it can be adapted for high accuracy or low latency. For the demonstration and validation of our indoor positioning solution, we further compiled a publicly available dataset containing data from WLAN access points, BLE beacons as well as several trajectories that include IMU data.
Research paper: https://beatsigner.com/publications/indoor-positioning-using-the-openhps-framework.pdf
Personalised Learning Environments Based on Knowledge Graphs and the Zone of ...Beat Signer
Presentation given at CSEDU 2022, Virtual Event.
The learning of new knowledge and skills often requires previous knowledge, which can lead to some frustration if a teacher does not know a learner's exact knowledge and skills and therefore confronts them with exercises that are too difficult to solve. We present a solution to address this issue when teaching techniques and skills in the domain of table tennis, based on the concrete needs of trainers that we have investigated in a survey. We present a conceptual model for the representation of knowledge graphs as well as the level at which individual players already master parts of this knowledge graph. Our fine-grained model enables the automatic suggestion of optimal exercises in a player's so-called zone of proximal development, and our domain-specific application allows table tennis trainers to schedule their training sessions and exercises based on this rich information. In an initial evaluation of the resulting solution for personalised learning environments, we received positive and promising feedback from trainers. We are currently investigating how our approach and conceptual model can be generalised to some more traditional educational settings and how the personalised learning environment might be further improved based on the expressive concepts of the presented model.
Research paper: https://beatsigner.com/publications/personalised-learning-environments-based-on-knowledge-graphs-and-the-zone-of-proximal-development.pdf
Cross-Media Technologies and Applications - Future Directions for Personal In...Beat Signer
Webinar given at icity Lab Talks - The Digital Value Chain
In this talk, I will first provide an overview of the lab’s research on a general data-driven approach for cross-media information system and architectures based on the resource-selector-link (RSL) hypermedia metamodel. We will then have a look at several cross-media applications for personal information management and next-generation presentation solutions (MindXpres). Finally, I will outline the lab’s most recent research on tangible interaction and dynamic data physicalisation.
Codeschool in a Box: A Low-Barrier Approach to Packaging Programming CurriculaBeat Signer
Presentation given at CSEDU 2023, Prague, Czech Republic.
The tech industry is a fast-growing field, with many companies facing issues in finding skilled workers to fill their open vacancies. At the same time, many people have limited access to the quality education necessary to enter this job market. To address this issue, various small and often volunteer-run non-profit organisations have emerged to up-skill capable learners. However, these organisations face tight constraints and many challenges while trying to design and deliver high-quality education to their learners. In this position paper, we discuss some of these challenges and present a preliminary version of a curriculum packager addressing some of these issues. Our proposed solution, inspired by first-hand experience in these organisations as well as computing education research (CER), is based on a combination of micromaterials, study lenses and a companion mobile application. While our solution is designed for the specific context of small organisations providing vocational ICT training, it can also be applied to the broader domain of learning environments facing similar constraints.
Research paper: https://beatsigner.com/publications/codeschool-in-a-box-a-low-barrier-approach-to-packaging-programming-curricula.pdf
Towards a Framework for Dynamic Data PhysicalisationBeat Signer
Presentation given at the International Workshop Toward a Design Language for Data Physicalization, Berlin, Germany, October 2018
ABSTRACT: Advanced data visualisation techniques enable the exploration and analysis of large datasets. Recently, there is the emerging field of data physicalisation, where data is represented in physical space (e.g. via physical models) and can no longer only be explored visually, but also by making use of other senses such as touch. Most existing data physicalisation solutions are static and cannot be dynamically updated based on a user's interaction. Our goal is to develop a framework for new forms of dynamic data physicalisation in order to support an interactive exploration and analysis of datasets. Based on a study of the design space for dynamic data physicalisation, we are therefore working on a grammar for representing the fundamental physical operations and interactions that can be applied to the underlying data. Our envisioned extensible data physicalisation framework will enable the rapid prototyping of dynamic data physicalisations and thereby support researchers who want to experiment with new combinations of physical variables or output devices for dynamic data physicalisation as well as designers and application developers who are interested in the development of innovative dynamic data physicalisation solutions.
Paper: https://www.academia.edu/37336859/Towards_a_Framework_for_Dynamic_Data_Physicalisation
Cross-Media Document Linking and NavigationBeat Signer
Presentation given at DocEng 2018, 18th ACM Symposium on Document Engineering, Halifax, Canada, August 2018
ABSTRACT: Documents do often not exist in isolation but are implicitly or explicitly linked to parts of other documents. However, due to a multitude of proprietary document formats with rather simple link models, today's possibilities for creating hyperlinks between snippets of information in different document formats are limited. In previous work, we have presented a dynamically extensible cross-document link service overcoming the limitations of the simple link models supported by most existing document formats. Based on a plug-in mechanism, our link service enables the linking across different document types. In this paper, we assess the extensibility of our link service by integrating some document formats as well as third-party document viewers. We illustrate the flexibility of creating advanced hyperlinks across these document formats and viewers that cannot be realised with existing linking solutions or link models of existing document formats. A user study further investigates the user experience when creating and navigating cross-document hyperlinks.
Paper: https://www.academia.edu/36550753/Cross_Media_Document_Linking_and_Navigation
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
3. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 3September 26, 2014
Prerequisites
Note that this is an advanced Master's level
course and the official course description lists
the following required previous knowledge
basic programming skills
basic knowledge in modelling and querying data (e.g. design
and use of databases)
It is not impossible to follow the course without these
prerequisites, but in this case you should not complain
about the potential additional workload!
4. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 4September 26, 2014
Exercises
The course content is further investigated in
the exercise sessions
the topics covered in the exercise sessions will
also be helpful for the assignment
Weekly exercise sessions
assistant: Reinout Roels, (rroels@vub.ac.be)
2 groups (starting on October 1); send an email with your
preference to Reinout Roels until Monday, September 29
- Wednesday 10:00–12:00 in E.1.04
- Friday 15:00–17:00 in E.1.04
Additional content may be covered in exercise sessions
strongly recommended to attend all exercise sessions!
exam covers content of lectures and exercises
5. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 5September 26, 2014
Course Material
All material will be available on PointCarré
lecture slides, exercises, research papers, tutorials, ...
Make sure that you are subscribed to the
Web Information Systems course on PointCarré
http://pointcarre.vub.ac.be/index.php?application=web
lcms&go=course_viewer&course=2473
Handouts are on PointCarré the day before the lecture
slides from the previous year are already available on SlideShare
- http://www.slideshare.net/search/slideshow?searchfrom=head
er&q=%22web+information+systems+2013%22
Similar information is also available on the WISE website
http://wise.vub.ac.be/content/web-information-systems
6. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 6September 26, 2014
Lecture Schedule
Exercise 1: Bush Paper & Assignment
3
4
5
6
Lecture 2: Web Architectures
Lecture 3: HTML5 and the Open Web Platform
Exercise 2: HTTP
Lecture 4: XML and XML Applications
Lecture 6: Web 2.0 Basics
Exercise 5: Web Application Frameworks
E.0.06
E.0.06
E.0.06
E.0.06
E.1.04
E.1.04
E.1.04
7
8
Interim Project Presentations TBA
Lecture 1: Introduction
2
No Exercises
Exercise 3: Java Servlet Technology E.1.04
E.0.06
Lecture 5: Web Application Frameworks
Exercise 4: XML/XSLT
E.0.06
E.1.04
7. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 7September 26, 2014
Lecture Schedule …
Lecture 8: Mobile Web Information Systems
Exercise 8: Google Maps and Geolocation API
10
11
12
13
14
Lecture 9: Semantic Web
Lecture 10: Web Search
Exercise 9: Semantic Web
Lecture 11: Security, Privacy and Trust
Exercise 7: Mashup Tools
9
Exercise 10: Web Search and PageRank
Lecture 12: Future Trends
Exercise 11: Security
Exercise 6: Web Services
Final Project Presentations TBA
Lecture 7: Web 2.0 Patterns and Technologies E.0.06
E.1.04
E.1.04
E.1.04
E.1.04
E.1.04
E.1.04
E.0.06
E.0.06
E.0.06
E.0.06
E.0.06
8. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 8September 26, 2014
Assignment
Web 2.0 Web Application
application about topic of your choice
- a number of functional and technical requirements
- create, view, manage, search and share information
- integration of existing web resources
- map-based interface
- examples: movie application, fitness application, games, ...
Assignment handed out in week 3
group project with 3 students per group
- send an email with the 3 group members to Reinout Roels by Friday,
October 3 (rroels@vub.ac.be)
- deadlines: final presentation (week of December 16), report (December 23)
assignment counts for 40% for the final grade
- students have some flexibility in distributing the grades (±2 points)
9. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 9September 26, 2014
Exam
Oral exam in English
covers content of lectures and exercises
counts 60% for the overall grade
5 mins questions about the assignment
15 mins questions about the course content (no preparation time)
Overall grade = oral exam (60%) + assignment (40%)
10. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 10September 26, 2014
Course Outline
1. Introduction
history of the Web
2. Web Architectures
HTTP protocol
client-side and server-side processing
multi-tier architectures
3. Hypertext Markup Language
HTML and CSS
HTML5 and the Open Web Platform
4. XML and XML Applications
XML, XPointer, XPath, XSLT, XQuery and XLink
XML-RPC
11. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 11September 26, 2014
Course Outline …
5. Web Application Frameworks
Model-View-Controller (MVC)
Apache Struts 2, Adobe Flex, Ruby on Rails, OpenLaszlo, …
6. Web 2.0 Basics
Web 2.0 basic terminology
Web 2.0 applications
7. Web 2.0 Patterns and Technologies
Service-Oriented Architectures (SOAs)
mashups
Rich Internet Applications (RIAs)
collaborative tagging
12. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 12September 26, 2014
Course Outline …
8. Mobile Web Information Systems
Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
context and proximity
9. Semantic Web and Web 3.0
RDF, RDFs, OWL, SPARQL, …
Linked Data
semantic web applications
10.Web Search and Retrieval
search engine architecture
Google PageRank
search engine optimisation (SEO)
13. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 13September 26, 2014
Course Outline …
11.Security, Privacy and Trust
HTTP Authentication
public key cryptography
web logging and user profiling
12.Future Trends and Summary
Internet of Things
cloud computing
cross-media information systems
comments about the exam
14. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 14September 26, 2014
Reading Wheel (Bookwheel)
Described by Agostino
Ramelli in 1588
Keep several books open
to read from them at the
same time
comparable to modern
tabbed browsing
The reading wheel has
never really been built
Could be seen as a
predecessor of hypertext
15. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 15September 26, 2014
Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)
Library classification
system
developed by Melvil Dewey
in 1876
Hierarchical classification
10 main classes with
10 divisions each and
10 sections per division
total of 1000 sections
After the three numbers,
decimals can be used for
further subclassification
16. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 16September 26, 2014
Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) ...
Documents can appear in
more than one class
however, there is normally
only one physical copy
(one main class)
Different alternatives
Library of Congress (LC)
classification
Universal Decimal Classifi-
cation (UDC) by Paul Otlet
and Henri La Fontaine
17. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 17September 26, 2014
Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) ...
000-099 Computer Science, Information and General Works
000 Computer Science, Knowledge and Systems
000 Computer Science, Knowledge and General Works
...
005 Computer Programming, Programs and Data
...
009 [Unassigned]
010 Bibliographies
...
100-199 Philosophy and Psychology
200-299 Religion
300-399 Social Sciences
340 Law
341 International Law
400-499 Language
500-599 Science
600-699 Technology
700-799 Arts
800-899 Literature
900-999 History, Geography and Biography
18. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 18September 26, 2014
"As We May Think" (1945)
When data of any sort are placed in storage,
they are filed alphabetically or numerically,
and information is found (when it is) by
tracing it down from subclass to subclass.
It can be in only one place, unless duplicates
are used; one has to have rules as to which
path will locate it, and the rules are cumbers-
ome. Having found one item, moreover, one
has to emerge from the system and re-enter
on a new path. The human mind does not
work that way. It operates by association. ...
Vannevar Bush
19. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 19September 26, 2014
"As We May Think" (1945) …
... It affords an immediate step, however, to
associative indexing, the basic idea of which
is a provision whereby any item may be
caused at will to select immediately and
automatically another. This is the essential
feature of the memex. The process of tying
two items together is the important thing. ...
Vannevar Bush, As We May Think,
Atlanic Monthly, July 1945
Vannevar Bush
20. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 20September 26, 2014
"As We May Think" (1945) …
Bush's article As We May
Think (1945) is often seen
as the "origin" of hypertext
The article introduces
the Memex
memory extender
store and access information
follow cross-references in the form
of associative trails between pieces
of information (microfilms)
prototypical hypertext machine
trail blazers are those who find delight in
the task of establishing useful trails
Memex
21. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 21September 26, 2014
Scientist of the Future ...
22. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 22September 26, 2014
Video: Memex
23. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 23September 26, 2014
Hypertext (1965)
Ted Nelson coined the term hypertext
Nelson started Project Xanadu in 1960
first hypertext project
non-sequential writing
referencing/embedding parts of a document
in another document (transclusion)
transpointing windows
bidirectional (bivisible) links
version and rights management
XanaduSpace 1.0 was released as part of Project
Xanadu in 2007
Ted Nelson
24. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 24September 26, 2014
Digital Documents as a Paper Simulator?
Most people don't understand the logic of the
concept: "What You See Is What You Get" is based
on printing the document out ("get" means "get
WHEN YOU PRINT IT OUT"). And that means a
metaphysical shift: a document can only consist of
what can be printed! This re-froze the computer
document into a closed rectangular object which
cannot be penetrated by outside markings (curtailing
what you could do with paper). No marginal notes,
no sticky notes, no crossouts, no insertions, no
overlays, no highlighting - PAPER UNDER GLASS.
Ted Nelson, Geeks Bearing Gifts: How the Computer
World Got This Way, Mindful Press 2009
Ted Nelson
25. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 25September 26, 2014
Transpointing Windows Mockup (1972)
[http://www.xanadu.com.au/ted/TN/PARALUNE/paraviz.html]
26. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 26September 26, 2014
OpenXanadu (2014)
[http://xanadu.com/xanademos/MoeJusteOrigins.html]
27. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 27September 26, 2014
Video: Ted Nelson Explains XanaduSpace
28. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 28September 26, 2014
Hypertext Editing System, HES (1967)
Early hypertext system
developed at Brown University (1967)
by Andries van Dam and his team
Ted Nelson was a visitor at Brown
University a that time
Limitations
unidirectional links
non-overlapping links
only embedded links
File Retrieval and Editing System, FRESS (1968)
follow-up project taking ideas from HES and NLS
first system introducing 'undo' functionality
bidirectional links
29. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 29September 26, 2014
The Mother of All Demos (1968)
Douglas Engelbart and his colleagues
at the Stanford Research Institute
developed the oNLine System (NLS) as
part of the Augment Project
vision about the future of interactive computing
NLS was demonstrated at the Fall
Joint Computer Conference in 1968
showed first practical use of hypertext
computer mouse
remote collaboration (connected computers)
raster-scan video monitors
screen windows
...
Douglas Engelbart
30. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 30September 26, 2014
NLS Demo
31. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 31September 26, 2014
Aspen Moviemap (1978)
Early hypermedia system
developed at MIT by Andrew
Lippman and his team
hypermedia = extension of
hypertext with other media
types (e.g. images, sounds)
Virtual tour of Aspen
pictures taken every 10 feet
while driving through the city
additional linked media
(e.g. images and sounds)
Similar concept now used
in Google Street View
32. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 32September 26, 2014
HyperCard (1987)
One of the early widespread
hypermedia systems
Released by Apple Computer Inc.
(as part of System Software 6)
developed by Bill Atkinson
Information is stored in a series of
cards that are arranged into stacks
Links can be defined between different cards
HyperCards may contain text, pictures, audio and video
HyperTalk programming language is used to execute commands
and jump to other cards
33. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 33September 26, 2014
ARPANET (1969)
Advanced Research
Projects Agency Network
created by DARPA
(US Department of Defense)
first operational packet
switching network
first ARPANET link esta-
blished in November 1969
ARPANET applications
Email (1971), Ray Tomlinson
FTP (1973)
ARPANET Team
34. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 34September 26, 2014
ARPANET Map (March 1977)
35. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 35September 26, 2014
Worldwide Number of Hostnames
992‘117‘228 hostnames in August 2014, source: http://news.netcraft.com
36. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 36September 26, 2014
TCP (1974)
Transmission control protocol
replacement of Network Control
Protocol (NCP)
'A Protocol for Packet Network
Interconnection'
by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn
Reliable and ordered
transmission of byte stream
between two endpoints
Migration of ARPANET to TCP/IP in 1982
Vint Cerf Bob Kahn
37. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 37September 26, 2014
TCP/IP (1978)
4 abstraction layers
each layer offers functionality to the above layer
separation of concerns
Application layer
HTTP, FTP, POP, ...
Transport layer
TCP, UDP, ...
Internet layer
addressing hosts and packet routing
IP, ...
Link layer
38. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 38September 26, 2014
TCP/IP Layers
Link
Internet
Transport
Application
Link
Internet
Link
Internet
Transport
Application
Link
Internet
Ethernet EthernetSatellite,
...
39. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 39September 26, 2014
World Wide Web (WWW)
Networked hypertext system
(over ARPANET) to share in-
formation at CERN
first draft in March 1989
The Information Mine,
Information Mesh, …?
Components by end of 1990
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
HTTP server software
Web browser called WorldWideWeb
First public "release" in August 1991
Tim Berners-Lee Robert Cailliau
40. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 40September 26, 2014
WordWideWeb Browser (1993)
41. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 41September 26, 2014
WWW and Hypertext
WWW is mainly a network-enabled version of the
HES hypertext model
unidirectional links between heterogeneous resources
is it more than just a digital version of paper documents
with links?
What about all the richer functionality researched by the
hypertext community?
bidirectional links
transclusion and external (non-embedded) links
version management
…
Is there something wrong with the WWW?
42. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 42September 26, 2014
Mobile Web
HTML markup language is
no longer sufficient
WML, VoiceXML, cHTML, …
New forms of connectivity
and information exchange
P2P networks
New requirements and
functionality
location-based services
Access the Web from
anywhere at anytime
43. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 43September 26, 2014
Web 2.0
User becomes an author
and shares information
tagging
Wikis
social networking
mashups
...
Not a new technology!
Why did some of these
things not happen earlier?
limitations of the original
World Wide Web?
44. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 44September 26, 2014
Semantic Web (Web 3.0)
Add explicit semantics
to web resources
Machine-interpretable
Web
Use of ontologies
Potential reasoning over
Web resources
Character set: UNICODE
Cryptography
Syntax: XML and XML Namespaces
Data interchange: RDF
Taxonomies: RDFS
Ontologies:
OWLQuerying:
SPARQL
Unifying Logic
Trust
User interface and applications
Proof
Rules:
RIF/SWRL
Based on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Semantic-web-stack.png]
Identifiers:
URI/IRI
45. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 45September 26, 2014
Internet of Things
Mark Weiser coined the term Ubiquitous
Computing while working at Xerox PARC
M. Weiser, The Computer for the 21st Century,
ACM Mobile Computing and Communications
Review, July 1999
Related terms are Disappearing Computing,
Pervasive Computing or Internet of Things
Physical objects with emedded computing functionality
that actively or passively participate in the Web
mobile phones, RFID-tagged objects, smart pens, …
Do we have to extend the current web infrastructure?
Mark Weiser
46. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 46September 26, 2014
Cross-Media Information Spaces
Information moves from
digital to physical space
and vice versa
e.g. paper-digital integration
Multimodal interaction
How should information
be stored and accessed?
use of web technologies?
is the desktop metaphor still
appropriate?
…
EdFest project
47. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 47September 26, 2014
Exercise 1
Read the paper As We May Think by
Vannevar Bush and try to answer the questions
formulated on the exercise sheet
Discuss your answers and the Bush paper with your
teaching assistant and classmates during the exercise
session
48. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 48September 26, 2014
References
Web Technologies: A Computer Science
Perspective, Jeffrey C. Jackson, Prentice
Hall, August 2006, ISBN-13: 978-0131856035
Vannevar Bush, As We May Think, Atlanic Monthly,
July 1945
http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/194507/bush/
http://sloan.stanford.edu/MouseSite/Secondary.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c539cK58ees
Videos of the NLS demo
http://sloan.stanford.edu/mousesite/1968Demo.html
49. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 49September 26, 2014
References …
Ted Nelson demonstrates Xanadu Space
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=En_2T7KH6RA
Aspen Moviemap
http://www.naimark.net/projects/aspen.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w18MyqszIYc
Networking Technologies (TCP/IP, …)
Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks,
Prentice Hall 2002, ISBN-13: 978-0130661029
Mark Weiser, The Computer for the 21st Century,
ACM Mobile Computing and Communications
Review, July 1999