GET SOME NEW TO KNOW ABOUT HERBS

1. PRESENTED BY SHAZMA MANSOOR
(PHARMACIST)
1
HERBAL DRUGS FOR
RESPIRATORY COMFORT

2. INDEX
2
HERBAL DRUG NAME PAGE NUMBER
HERBAL DRUGS 03
LOBELIA INFLATA 04-05
IVY LEAF 06-07
GUAVA LEAF 08-09
ADHATODA VASICA 10-11
MARSHMALLOW 12-13
TYHME LEAF 14-15
CONCULSION 16
REFERENCES 17-18

3. HERBAL DRUGS
3
They are obtained from plants and being
used as medicines for various diseases to
be cured. They are also known as dietary
supplements which help people to
maintain their health and improve health
issues.
We are going to discuss some essential
drugs for respiratory comforts:

4. (CAMPANULACEAE)
4
 Lobelia belongs to the family of campanulaceae and as well
as known as ‘INDIAN TOBACCO’ has been customarily used
in Asian countries to treat the respiratory tract problems
and asthma. It includes 400 species. Alkaloid lobeline is the
most active ingredient component of lobelia. It also acts as
an expectorant and stand-alone treatment.
COMPONENTS:
 Lobeline
 Piper dine alkaloids
 Isolobeline
 Chelidonic acid
 Resins
 Gums
 Fats

5. 5
USES:
 It is used in the treatment of asthma and help free secretions.
 It works efficiently as a respiratory stimulant substance
which helps to relieve congestion.
 It also lessens the pulmonary hypertension as well as
pneumonia
 It is liable as an anti-spasmodic drug
 It can be taken adjuvant along with pharmaceutical drugs to
treat asthma and respiratory disorders.
 It makes breathing easier eventually by thinning the mucus.
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
 Lobeline gradually suppresses the growth of catecholamine
from adrenal glands. Especially, it contains such chemicals
that help to thin the mucus which makes easier to
expectorate. The juxta-pulmonary capillary receptors are
being acted upon by lobelia as the peripheral chemo
receptors send signals to smooth muscle of upper airways
and also put pressure on receptors including J-receptors.

6. 2. IVY LEAF (HEDERA HELIX)
6
Ivy is a vine commonly seen as a climbing plant used
for decorative purposes. Ivy leaves are used to treat
many diseases as they have anti inflammatory, anti
oxidant and antimicrobial properties. It is usually
used to treat problems related to upper respiratory
tract.
COMPONENTS:
 5-8% Triterpene saponins
 Flavonoids
 Emetine
 Polyacetylenes
 Phenolic compounds

7. 7
USES:
 Asthma
 Cough
 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
 Bronchitis
 Sinusitis
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
 Ivy leaves work by expanding the air passages. The
saponins in ivy help in getting rid of mucus hence
clearing the congested pathways and also help fight
against bacteria. It works as a bronchodilator and
an expectorant. It further helps in relieving cough
and catarrh and works to restore proper lung
function. The leaves can be taken in through tea or
via syrup.

8. 3. GUAVA LEAF (PSIDIUM
GUAJAVA)
8
It is a tropic tree which is abundantly grown in
Southern Mexico to Northern South America. It
belongs to phylum Magnoliphyta, Class Magnolipsida
and Myrtaceae family. This plant has been widely
used as herbal medicines.
COMPONENTS:
 Βeta-Caryophyllene
 Alpha-Pinene
 Uvaol
 Oleanolic acid
 Ursolic acid
 Flavonids (Quercetin)
 Glycosides (Aircularin and Guaiavein)

9. 9
USES:
 Prevent aging
 Prevent chronic disease
 Help in the cure of cancerous cell
 Diarrhea
 Dysentery
 Gastroenteritis
 Hypertension
 Cough
 Relief wounds
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
The Antispasmodic activity, antimicrobial activity, inhibition
of acetylcholine release and inhibition of increased amount of
watery secretion results to strength the ethno medical usage.
Hence many studies proved that the traditional knowledge of
the plant and justified to use it globally.

10. 4: ADHATODA VASICA (VASAKA)
10
It belongs to the family of Acanthaceae, Also
known as Malabar nut. Effective shrub which is
used throughout the world. Their leaves are
large and lance shaped, herbaceous stem and
flowers are zygomorphic and bisexual these are
used to treat respiratory conditions.
COMPONENTS:
 Alkaloids,
 Tannins, saponins
 Phenolics
 Flavonoids, Vasicine
 Quinazoline alkaloid are most important
constituents

11. 11
USES:
 Cough
 Anti allergic
 Throat pain
 Chronic Bronchitis
 Asthma
 Chronic cough
 Expectorant
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
 Mostly leaves, root, stem bark is used to treat cough, cold, asthma and in
acute stage of bronchitis, where the sputum is sticky it liquefies the sputum
so that it is brought up more easily. The dried leaves should smoke for the
relief of asthma because leaves and root contains alkaloids, flavonoids. The
expectorant effect is mainly due to the stimulation of mucosal linings result
in parasympathetic reflexes.

12. 5. MARSHMALLOW (ALTHEA
OFFICINALIS)
12
A flowering plant that performed an essential role
in the field of natural science. It is widely
utilized in Europe, North Africa and Western
Asia. It is a best herbal option for treating
medical conditions.
COMPONENTS:
 Dextrose
 Gelatin
 Sucrose
 35% mucilage
 Starch

13. 13
USES:
 Pain reliever
 Swelling of mucous membrane
 Dry cough
 Urinary tract inflammation
 Stones in urinary tract
 Healing wounds
 Act as anti-oxidant
 Support coronary heart health
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
 Marshmallow works as concrete, generating a substance that produces a
thick luster over membrane. .Marshmallow abstraction consists of flavanoids,
which comprise properties against inflammation. The flavanoids lessen the
inflammation as the mucilage gathers them in area and obstruct the damage.
The mucilage stays intact until it enters the colon that is why marshmallow
plays the maximum of its part in inflammatory disorders.

14. 6. THYME LEAF (THYMUS
VULGARIS LAMIACEAE)
14
 Thymus vulgaris L. an herbal plant with
several healing properties. Indigenous to
Mediterranean region, commonly used as a
culinary herb and also with a long history of
use for different purposes.
COMPONENTS:
 Volatile oil: thymol, carvacrol, linalool
 Flavonoids: apigenin, luteolin

15. 15
USES:
 Thyme presents an extensive range of some functional possibilities in pharmacy, food
and cosmetics industry.
 It protects from colon cancer.
 Thyme is s possessor of having significant activities against bacteria and fungi that
spoil food.
 It is used in the treatment of headaches. Cough, diarrhea.
 People have used oil of thyme as both an antiseptic and insect repellent.
 Used as natural antioxidant.
 Thyme used in food industry for flavoring agent and preservative properties.
 Thyme contains antiviral, antibacterial, carminative, diaphoretic, and expectorant
properties which support healing throughout the body.
 Thyme is spasmolytic, secretolytic, secretomotor, broncholytic.
 Inflammation of throat, laryngitis and tonsillitis.
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
 When administered orally, thyme oil is largely eliminated by the pulmonary alveoli.
Hence, concentrated drug effects occur at the site of diseases.

16. CONCLUSION:
16
The drugs mentioned above for respiratory
comfort are involved in healing and curing
most of the problems that is caused in our
respiratory system. They not only work
individually but also work if taken with
pharmaceutical drugs.

17. REFERENCES:
17
 1: LOBELIA INFLAT
 Grieve M. The medicinal, culinary, cosmetic and economic properties,
cultivation and folk-lore of herbs, grasses, fungi, shrubs & trees with their
modern scientific uses. A Modern Herbal; 1931.
 Auerbach P. Wilderness Medicine, 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier,
2007.
 Felter, HW, Lloyd, JU. King's American Dispensatory, 1898,
 2: IVY LEAF
 https://www.blackmores.com.au/cold-flu-and-immunity/ivy-leaf-for-cough-
relief?
 https://bisolvon.com.au/what-is-ivy-leaf-and-how-can-it-help-my-cough/
 https://www.healthline.com/health/5-fast-facts-english-ivy
 3: GUAVA LEAF
 Gutiérrez RM, Mitchell S, Solis RV. Psidium guajava: a review of its
traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Journal of
ethnopharmacology. 2008 Apr 17;117(1):1-27.
 [2]Gutiérrez RM, Mitchell S, Solis RV. Psidium guajava: a review of its
traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol.
2008;117:1–27. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.01.025.

18. 18
 4: ADHATODA VASICA
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justicia_adhatoda
 http://www.ijlpr.com/admin/php/uploads/266_pdf.pdf
 5: MARSHMALLOW
 Ulbricht, Catherine, Ethan Basch, Catherine Ulbricht, Paul
Hammerness, and Mamta Vora. "Marshmallow (Althaea
officinalis L.) monograph." Journal of herbal pharmacotherapy 3,
no. 3 (2003): 71-81.
 Ulbricht, C., Basch, E., Ulbricht, C., Hammerness, P. and Vora, M.,
2003. Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis L.) monograph. Journal
of herbal pharmacotherapy, 3(3), pp.71-81.
 Ulbricht, Catherine, et al. "Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis L.)
monograph." Journal of herbal pharmacotherapy 3.3 (2003): 71-
81.
 6: THYME LEAF
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030881461630639
2
 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Amhamdi_Hassan/publication/26
6048756_Chemical_Composition_and_Antimicrobial_Activity_of_Ess
ential_Oil_of_Thyme_Thymus_vulgaris_from_Eastern_Morocco/links/
562e770208ae518e34837d2d/Chemical-Composition-and-
Antimicrobial-Activity-of-Essential-Oil-of-Thyme-Thymus-vulgaris-