Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology-Approaches of Traditional Medicine Studies, Traditional use & management of medicinal plants in Asian countries, Application of Ethnobotany to community conservation and medicinal plant resource management
The importance of medicinal plants in the treatment of a variety of human ailments man has been dependent on the higher plants as a source of food and medicine.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology-Approaches of Traditional Medicine Studies, Traditional use & management of medicinal plants in Asian countries, Application of Ethnobotany to community conservation and medicinal plant resource management
The importance of medicinal plants in the treatment of a variety of human ailments man has been dependent on the higher plants as a source of food and medicine.
Applied traditional knowledge of medicinal plantsShah Ummar
Brief History of Traditional Medicine
What is Traditional Knowledge
Dosage forms of Traditional medicines
Key differences between traditional and modern medicine
From a tree, a ‘miracle’ called Asprin
Indian system of Medicine
Selected modern drugs that come from traditional medicine
Evolution of Traditional (Ayurveda & Unani) Medicine in Kashmir
Artemisinin: traditional medicine's blockbuster drug
TKDL- A Tool of Protection of India’s Traditional Knowledge
Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL)
Diagnostic Methodology & Identification of Symptoms
It is science of medicine from plants. It is far different from homeopathy and have various advantages over conventional medicine. Various traditional medicine system existed in past.
Immobilization is "the imprisonment of an enzyme in a distinct phase that allows exchange with, but is separated from the bulk phase in which the substrate, effector or inhibitor molecules are dispersed and monitored"
Plants are natural sources of valuable secondary metabolites used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, the food industry, etc.
There is an increasing demand to obtain these metabolites through more productive plant tissue applications and cell culture methods.
Standardization of herbal drugs refers to “confirmation of its identity and determination of its quality, purity and detection of nature of adulterant by various parameters”.
A review presentation by an authority - Dr Ashok Vaidya,
for drug design based on therapeutic efficacy of ayurvedic herbs carrying out reverse engineering ...
Applied traditional knowledge of medicinal plantsShah Ummar
Brief History of Traditional Medicine
What is Traditional Knowledge
Dosage forms of Traditional medicines
Key differences between traditional and modern medicine
From a tree, a ‘miracle’ called Asprin
Indian system of Medicine
Selected modern drugs that come from traditional medicine
Evolution of Traditional (Ayurveda & Unani) Medicine in Kashmir
Artemisinin: traditional medicine's blockbuster drug
TKDL- A Tool of Protection of India’s Traditional Knowledge
Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL)
Diagnostic Methodology & Identification of Symptoms
It is science of medicine from plants. It is far different from homeopathy and have various advantages over conventional medicine. Various traditional medicine system existed in past.
Immobilization is "the imprisonment of an enzyme in a distinct phase that allows exchange with, but is separated from the bulk phase in which the substrate, effector or inhibitor molecules are dispersed and monitored"
Plants are natural sources of valuable secondary metabolites used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, the food industry, etc.
There is an increasing demand to obtain these metabolites through more productive plant tissue applications and cell culture methods.
Standardization of herbal drugs refers to “confirmation of its identity and determination of its quality, purity and detection of nature of adulterant by various parameters”.
A review presentation by an authority - Dr Ashok Vaidya,
for drug design based on therapeutic efficacy of ayurvedic herbs carrying out reverse engineering ...
Discovery on Target 2014 - The Industry's Preeminent Event on Novel Drug TargetsJaime Hodges
Cambridge Healthtech Institute's 12th Annual Discovery on Target will showcase current and emerging “hot” targets for the pharmaceutical industry, October 8 – 10, 2014 in Boston, MA. Spanning three days, the meeting will bring together more than 900 global attendees, including scientists/technologists, executives, directors, and managers from biopharma, academic, and healthcare organizations. In 2014 the event is comprised of 14 conference tracks which include Epigenetic Readers, Ubiquitin Proteasome, Big Data Discovery, GPCR Drug Discovery, RNAi-Screens-Functional-Genomics, PPI Targets, Protein-Targets, Histone-Methyltransferases-Demethylases, Drug Transporters, Maximizing Efficiency, GPCR Therapeutics, Genomics Screening, Cancer Metabolism and Membrane Production. The 2014 event will offer 200+ scientific presentations across 14 conference tracks, 1 Symposium and 15 conference short courses, 40+ interactive breakout discussion groups, an exhibit hall of 40+ companies, and dedicated poster viewing and networking sessions.
Brahmi is found in humid and warmer parts of the world. It is a common creeping succulent herb branches profusely and starts rooting at the nodes. The succulent leaves are sessile, opposite, decussate, obovate-oblanceolate in shape, 1.0-2.5 cm x 0.4-1.0 cm in size. It is found in damp or marshy areas near streams or on the border of ponds, throughout India. The herb is generally confused with another herb – Centella asiatica that is morphologically different from that of Brahmi. The entire plant is used in indigenous system of medicine as a nerve tonic and cure for epilepsy and insanity. It is also being used as diuretic and for treating rheumatism, asthma, and hoarseness. Besides this, it has got good potency in controlling of cough, fever, diabetes and snakebite. Because of its inherent potential of enhancing memory and vitality, this miracle plant is gaining attention for its commercial cultivation. The memory enhancing activity of the herb has been attributed to saponin glycosides- bacosides –A and B. This plant is considered among one of the “ Celestial drugs” (Divya ausadhi) when consumed with milk for 6 months.
Folk remedies Short training Course on "Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Boon...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Folk remedies Short training Course on "Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Boon for Enterprise development March 24th to 26th March 2017 at PFI Peshawar Lecture by Mr Allah Dad Khan
Arid zone medicinal plants A Presentation by Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agri...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Arid zone medicinal plants A Presentation by Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agri Extension /Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
Arid zone medicinal plants A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agricult...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Arid zone medicinal plants A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension Khyber Pakhtun Khwa Province & Visiting Professor Agriculture University Peshawar Pakistan
Drugs from Plants : Extraction, Purification & Analysis.Dr. Amsavel A
Phytochemicals: Extraction, Purification & Analysis.
Introduction, Some of the medicinal plants & uses, different processes of extraction & purification. Analysis requirement & Analytical technique.
Arid And Semi Arid zone Mediinal Plants A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
New arid zone Mediinal Plants A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Short training Course on "Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Boon for Enterprise development March 24th to 26th March 2017 at PFI Peshawar
Global Market For Herbal Products In IndiaANKITA MANKAR
Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times. Plants synthesise hundreds of chemical compounds for functions including defence against insects, fungi, diseases, and herbivorous mammals. Numerous phytochemicals with potential or established biological activity have been identified. However, since a single plant contains widely diverse phytochemicals, the effects of using a whole plant as medicine are uncertain. Further, the phytochemical content and pharmacological actions, if any, of many plants having medicinal potential remain unassessed by rigorous scientific research to define efficacy and safety.
medicinal plants importance in daily life.
medicinal plants importance in daily life.
medicinal plants importance in daily life.
medicinal plants importance in daily life.
medicinal plants importance in daily life.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
3. Definition
The scientific study of substances used medicinally,
especially folk remedies, by different ethnic or cultural
groups.
It is strictly related to plant use, Ethnobotany.
Inventory by WHO found around 20,000 plant species
in use for medicinal in various countries.
Only 250 of those species are commonly used or have
been checked for main active chemical compounds.
4. A brief idea of EthnoPharmacology
EthnoVeterinary medicine is an important component
of indigenous knowledge system.
Archeological evidences provide substantial clues that
prehistoric people were aware of magical power of
plants.
60,000 years ago Iraqi people used Ephedra
Egyptian Eber papyrus documented about garlic and
castor oil and their magical power.
Galen the roman physician wrote books about
medicinal plants.
Indian charak sanhita tells about details of about 350
medicinal plants.
5. Ethnopharmacology
3500 BCE - India had an extensive pharmacopoeia.
Much of that knowledge is still used as part of the
Ayurveda medical system
2250 BCE – Egypt and Babylon were trading medicinal
plants
900 BCE - Archaeological records demonstrate the use
of medicinal and psychoactive plants in the New
World
330 BCE - One of the Theophrastus’s students,
Alexander the Great, sent medicinal plants from Asia
back to Greece for cultivation
2000 YA - The first written Chinese records although use
is probably as ancient as India’s.
6. Plants and their use
Lippia dulcis – sweetener from
Pre-Columbian America -In the 20th century, L. dulcis
was chemically analyzed and a new sweetener was
found, hernandulcin, that is 800 to 1000 times sweeter
than sucrose.
9. Medicinal use of chewing stick
Most chewing stick plants have a wide range of
antibacterial activity against a number of
odontopathic bacterial species, and many also
contained healing and/or analgesic compounds
12. Medicinal use
Bloodroot extracts have been identified as potentially
valuable in controlling plaque
Blood root has many alkaloids, known as sanguinaria
alkaloids, and sanguinarine in particular, is thought to
be a potential problem limiting the usefulness of blood
root as a dental medicine
14. Medicinal use
Curare, obtained from bark of the stem, though
poisonous, but used as sedative and anticonvulsive
drugs.
Curare is a powerful paralyzing agent of motor
nerves,active principle curarin used for treatment of
Tetanus and foul ulcers.
It is dangerously poisonous and used as arrow poison
in Amazon.
16. Medicinal use
Creams and dietary supplements made from Dioscorea
villosa are claimed to contain human hormones and
promoted as a medicine for a variety of purposes,
including cancer prevention and the treatment of
Crohn's disease and whooping cough.
It has been used to corrects the low progesterone and
high estrogen ratio.
It is believed that it contains steroid precursor, used to
make both sex hormones and adrenal cortisone.
18. Medicinal use
Rauvolfia serpentina contains a number of bioactive chemicals,
including yohimbine, reserpine, ajmaline, deserpidine,
rescinnamine, serpentinine.
The extract of the plant has also been used for millennia in
India – Alexander the Great administered this plant to cure his
general Ptolemy I Soter of a poisoned arrow.
It was reported that Mahatma Gandhi took it as a tranquilizer
during his lifetime.It has been used for millennia to treat insect
stings and the bites of venomous reptiles.
A compound which it contains called reserpine, was used in an
attempt to treat high blood pressure and mental disorders
including schizophrenia, and had a brief period of popularity for
that purpose in the West from 1954 to 1957
20. Medicinal use
In Ayurveda (Indian traditional medicine) the extracts
of its roots and shoots, though poisonous, is used
against several diseases.
Vincristrine, a chemotherapy medication used to treat
a number of types of cancers, is also found in the
plant.
In traditional Chinese medicine, extracts from it have
been used against numerous diseases, including
diabetes, malaria, and Hodgkin's lymphoma.
22. Medicinal use
. It was believed by ancient peoples that white
hellebore treats epilepsy, dizziness, melancholy,
insanity, demonic possession, leprosy, tremors and
gout, among many other ailments.
Old Germanic lore describes the use of the root to
induce abortions.
The psychoactive properties of white hellebore are
derived from the rhizome and the leaves.
24. Medicinal use
Historically, malaria has been one of the worst of all
human diseases.
In some countries malaria is common and millions of
people suffer from the disease throughout the world.
In the 17th century, Jesuits in South America
discovered that a native remedy for other diseases
made from an infusion of the bark of cinchona
(Cinchona spp., Rubiaceae) coincidentally controlled
malaria.
26. Medicinal use
Ephedrine and a series of related compounds are
used today as decongestants (e.g., in Sudafed,
Robitussin etc.) and to treat low blood pressure.
28. Medicinal use
This compound, acetylsalicylic acid, could be taken orally
and was an effective analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and
antipyretic drug and is probably the most widely used
drug in the world today.
Interestingly, we only learned how aspirin actually
functions in the last 30 years. Aspirin inhibits the
synthesis of certain prostaglandins.
30. Medicinal use
The Indians of Andean South America have long used
coca leaves (from Erythroxylum coca, Erythroxylaceae)
as a stimulant. The Indians chewed the leaves mixed
with lime to free the alkaloids. The alkaloids reduced
feelings of hunger and pain.
Later when the alkaloids were isolated, it was discovered
that they had local anesthetic properties. Cocaine has
been used for surgery (especially dental surgery).
32. Medicinal use
The use of plants to treat heart disease goes back thousands
of years and is found in several cultures. One of the plants
found in the folk medicine of Europe is Digitalis purpurea.
In 1775, William Withering, a British physician documented
that patients treated with foxglove improved. He standardized
the dosage of the drug.
Digitalis became accepted and today is widely used in
treatment of dropsy, a condition associated with congestive
heart failure.
The active compounds are saponins,but have an aglycone
with a special type of structure.
34. Medicinal use
The alkaloids found in opium poppy, Papaver somniferum
(Papaveraceae), have long been used to alleviate pain.
Opium was used to treat dysentery from at least the first
century B.C.
Morphine is one of the principal alkaloids of opium.
These alkaloids are very addictive, but are potent pain
killers (analgesics).
Codeine, another morphine alkaloid, is a potent
antitussive agent, that is, it inhibits coughing.
38. Medicinal use
Belladonna has been used since the times of the Greeks.
It was also used in the Middle Ages in Europe to enhance
the appearance of women by causing them to have large
pupils.
Today, these alkaloids are used as antidotes for
poisoning, to treat cardiac problems, for antidiarrhoetic
preparations, and to dilate pupils during eye
examinations.
40. Medicinal use
Colchicine, an alkaloid from Colchicum autumnale
(Liliaceae), is used to treat gout. The compound is
fairly specific for the disease, but is highly toxic and
its use must be carefully monitored.
42. Medicinal use
The antitumor activity of taxol (paclitaxel), a diterpene
alkaloid from several Taxus species, was first discovered
in the 1960's, but the alkaloid didn't become widely used
until the mid 1980's.
Taxol is useful for treating several types of tumors, but
was originally developed for ovarian tumors.
The alkaloid occurs in highest concentration and in the
most readily purifiable form in the bark of Taxus
brevifolia, the Pacific yew.
Recently, materials from other species of Taxus have
proven useful for sources of the drug
44. Medicinal use
Calabar beans have been used as a trial-by-ordeal
plant. The active ingredient, physostigmine, is
presently used to treat glaucoma.
46. Medicinal use
Today the alkaloids from Claviceps spp. on cereal grains
are used to treat migraine headaches, control
hemorrhaging after childbirth, and to induce labor.
48. Medicinal use
Extracts from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, a
gymnospermous tree from China, improve capillary
blood flow and improve memory and some aspects
of brain function. The active components are
diterpenes.
50. Medicinal use
Ginseng has long been used by Oriental peoples as
a way of maintaining health and for treating and
curing many types of human ailments. In Japan,
Korea, and China, the most common species is
Panax ginseng.
Because of the shape of the roots, based on the
doctrine of signatures, this plant was presumed to
treat many problems.
The active compounds are triterpenoid glycosides;
some are called gensenosides.
54. Medicinal use
Valerian has long been used as a sedative. The
dried roots and rhizomes have been used as a
tranquilizer and calmative for more than 1000 years
in cases of nervousness.
Interestingly, in this case, the active components
have never been conclusively identified. However,
the plant is documented to be an effective sleep-
inducing drug
56. Medicinal use
An infusion of the roots and rhizomes is drunk to treat
rheumatism, uterine difficulties to stimulate menstrual
flow, and as an antidiarrheal, and cough suppressant.
It was the active component of Lydia Pinkham’s
Vegetable Compound in the 1800s and early 1900s.
The plant has been shown to have estrogenic activity and
is used in Europe to treat premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
58. Medicinal use
Aloe vera is good for irritated and inflamed skin,helps
in speeding up the process of healing of wound.
It is good for hydrating and toning of the skin
Cosmetic companies use aloe vera in makeup,
moisturizer, shaving creams, soaps etc
It is used in multipurpose skin treatment.
60. Medicinal use
Temporarily to treatment of toothache.
Relieves from upper respiratory infection.
Treat scrapes and bruises.
Improves digestion.
Boost insulin function of the body.
Cloves oil is used toothache releasing products, in
laxative pills
Clovacaine which is a local anesthetic used in oral
ulceration and inflammation.
62. Medicinal use
It is used as antiseptic, very small amount is used in
cough syrup, decongestant, sweets, toothpaste and
mosquito repellant.
The nectar of eucalyptus produces high quality honey.
64. Medicinal use
Neem leaves are dried in India and placed in cupboards to
prevent insects eating the clothes and also while storing rice in
tins. Neem leaves are dried and burnt in the tropical regions to
keep away mosquitoes. These leaves are also used in many Indian
festivals like Ugadi.
Neem products are believed by Ayurvedic practitioners to be,
antifungal, antidiabetic, antibacterial and antiviral. It is
considered a major component in Ayurvedic and Unani
medicine and is particularly prescribed for skin diseases. Neem
oil is also used for healthy hair, to improve liver function,
detoxify the blood, and balance blood sugar levels. Neem leaves
have also been used to treat skin diseases like eczema, psoriasis,
etc.
Neem extracts have also been used in cosmetics, repellants,
honey, soaps and lubricants.
66. Medicinal use
Tulasi has been used for thousands of years in Ayurveda for its
diverse healing properties. It is mentioned in the Charaka
Samhita, an ancient Ayurvedic text. Tulsi is considered to be
an adaptogen, balancing different processes in the body, and
helpful for adapting to stress. Marked by its strong aroma and
astringent taste, it is regarded in Ayurveda as a kind of "elixir of
life" and believed to promote longevity.
Tulasi extracts are used in ayurvedic remedies for a variety of
ailments. Traditionally, tulasi is taken in many forms: as herbal
tea, dried powder, fresh leaf or mixed with ghee. Essential oil
extracted from Karpoora tulasi is mostly used for medicinal
purposes and in herbal cosmetics, and is widely used in skin
preparations and for fever, colds and infections.
68. Medicinal use
turmeric has been used traditionally for thousands of years as a
remedy for stomach and liver ailments, as well as topically to
heal sores, basically for its supposed antimicrobial
property. turmeric was a medicine for a range of diseases and
conditions, including those of the skin, pulmonary, and
gastrointestinal systems, aches, pains, wounds, sprains, and liver
disorders. A fresh juice is commonly used in many skin
conditions, including eczema, chicken pox, shingles, allergy, and
scabies
The active compound curcumin is believed to have a wide range
of biological effects including anti-
inflammatory, antioxidant, anti tumour, antibacterial,
and antiviral activities, which indicate potential in clinical
medicine. In Chinese medicine, it is used for treatment of various
infections and as an antiseptic.
70. Medicinal use
Asthma, bronchitis, breathlessness, as expectorant
Menorrhagia
Insecticidal
Antispasmodic
Local bleeding due to piles and it has antiseptic
properties
74. Medicinal use
Laxative, astringent
Unripe fruits show antibacterial and antifungal activity
in opthalmia and eruptions
Seeds used in asthma
Bark used in rheumatism and diptheria.
78. Medicinal use
This herb is effective in the treatment of "jaundice". It
is prescribed in Ayurvedic treatment to treat
jaundice/Hepatitis and it also takes care of the
effective functioning of Liver.
A clinical study with Phyllanthus niruri, indicated that
it may reduce the levels of urinary calcium.
A more recent rat study found that Phyllanthus niruri
has been shown to interfere with many stages of stone
formation, reducing crystals aggregation.
80. Medicinal use
Glycyrrhizin has also demonstrated antiviral,
antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and
blood pressure-increasing effects in vitro and in vivo, as is
supported by the finding that intravenous glycyrrhizin
slows the progression of viral and autoimmune hepatitis.
Liquorice has also demonstrated efficacy in treating
inflammation-induced skin hyperpigmentation.
The antiulcer, laxative, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory,
immunomodulatory, antitumour and expectorant
properties of liquorice have been investigated.
82. Medicinal use
Tamarind intake is likely to help in delaying
progression of skeletal fluorosis by enhancing urinary
excretion of fluoride.
Based on a 2012 human study, supplementation of
tender tamarind leaves improved disturbances to
carbohydrate, lipid and antioxidant metabolism
caused by chronic fluoride intake.
It has been used in chronic kidney failure and
significant result was obtained.
84. Medicinal use
According to the American Cancer Society, ginger has
been promoted as a cancer treatment to keep tumors
from developing.
In limited studies, ginger was found to be more effective
than placebo for treating nausea caused by
seasickness, morning sickness, and chemotherapy.
It was classified as a stimulant and carminative and
used frequently for dyspepsia, gastroparesis, slow
motility symptoms, constipation, and colic. It was also
frequently employed to disguise the taste of
medicines.