The document discusses the role of alfalfa in treating high cholesterol. It defines alfalfa and outlines its chemical composition, which includes saponins. Saponins help lower cholesterol by interacting with bile acids to form extended micelles that enhance the removal of cholesterol from the body. While alfalfa can help lower cholesterol and has other pharmaceutical uses like treating diabetes, it should be avoided by certain groups like those with lupus, estrogen-sensitive cancers, or kidney problems due to risks of side effects.
Significance and Importance of Kava kava as a nutraceuticalPHARMA IQ EDUCATION
1. Introduction
2. Phytochemical constituents
3. Uses of Kava-kava
4. Specific use of a few phytoconstituents of Kava kava
5. Other uses of Kava kava
6. Marketed Formulations
7. Dosing & Side effects
8. Drug interactions
9. References
10. Thanks you
Significance and Importance of Kava kava as a nutraceuticalPHARMA IQ EDUCATION
1. Introduction
2. Phytochemical constituents
3. Uses of Kava-kava
4. Specific use of a few phytoconstituents of Kava kava
5. Other uses of Kava kava
6. Marketed Formulations
7. Dosing & Side effects
8. Drug interactions
9. References
10. Thanks you
Utilization of radioactive isotopes in the investigation of biogenetic studiesMs. Pooja Bhandare
Isotopes: TWO TYPES OF ISOTOPES,Radioactive isotopes.
Stable isotopes, Radiolabelled Tracers ( Radiolabelled compounds), Radiotracer Technique, Steps in Tracer Technique,
Selection of Radioisotopes.
Preparation of Radioisotopes.
Introduction/Insertion of Radiolabelled compound in biological system (Plant part) Seperation and determination of labelled compound in various biochemical reaction, Preparation of labelled compounds : Insertion of Radiolabelled compound in plant part, Root feeding, Stem feeding, Direct Injection, Floating Methods, Spray technique, Separation or Isolation of Radiolabelled compound and detection of radioisotope labelled compound. Detection and assay of Radioactive labelled compound, Detector system used (Analysis of Isotopic content). Method in Tracer Technique,
Precursor – Product sequence
Double and Multiple Labelling
. Competitive Feeding,Sequential Analysis
Applications of Tracer Technique
Synonyms:- Vinca rosea, Catharanthus, Madagascar,periwinkle.
Barmasi.
Biological Source:- Vinca is the dried entire plant of Catharanthus roseus Linn .belonging to family Apocynaceae
Geographical Source:- The plant is a native of Madagascar and is found in manytropical and subtropical countries especially in India, Australia,South Africa and North and South America. The plant is cultivated as garden plant in Europe and India.
Pharmacognosy of Rauwolfia serpentina, biological source, geographical source, marphology of roots and rhizome, microscopy of roots, chemical constituents- reserpine, uses -antihypertensive, isolation of reserpine, serpagandha, India snake root
Utilization of radioactive isotopes in the investigation of biogenetic studiesMs. Pooja Bhandare
Isotopes: TWO TYPES OF ISOTOPES,Radioactive isotopes.
Stable isotopes, Radiolabelled Tracers ( Radiolabelled compounds), Radiotracer Technique, Steps in Tracer Technique,
Selection of Radioisotopes.
Preparation of Radioisotopes.
Introduction/Insertion of Radiolabelled compound in biological system (Plant part) Seperation and determination of labelled compound in various biochemical reaction, Preparation of labelled compounds : Insertion of Radiolabelled compound in plant part, Root feeding, Stem feeding, Direct Injection, Floating Methods, Spray technique, Separation or Isolation of Radiolabelled compound and detection of radioisotope labelled compound. Detection and assay of Radioactive labelled compound, Detector system used (Analysis of Isotopic content). Method in Tracer Technique,
Precursor – Product sequence
Double and Multiple Labelling
. Competitive Feeding,Sequential Analysis
Applications of Tracer Technique
Synonyms:- Vinca rosea, Catharanthus, Madagascar,periwinkle.
Barmasi.
Biological Source:- Vinca is the dried entire plant of Catharanthus roseus Linn .belonging to family Apocynaceae
Geographical Source:- The plant is a native of Madagascar and is found in manytropical and subtropical countries especially in India, Australia,South Africa and North and South America. The plant is cultivated as garden plant in Europe and India.
Pharmacognosy of Rauwolfia serpentina, biological source, geographical source, marphology of roots and rhizome, microscopy of roots, chemical constituents- reserpine, uses -antihypertensive, isolation of reserpine, serpagandha, India snake root
This presentation is about Probiotic and prebiotic and the role of them in our body and their benefits .
kindly if you have any inquiry contact me anytime .
Best wishes
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Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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Alfalfa & hypercholesterolemia
1. Research of :Role of alfalfa in
curing hypercholesterolemia
Prepared by : Mohamed yusuf
2. Content
1. Introduction.
2. Definition of alfalfa.
3. Content of alfalfa.
4. Pharmaceutical uses of alfalfa .
5. Cure of cholesterol by alfalfa.
6. Saponins.
7. Hypocholesterolemic effect by saponins.
8. Other pharmaceutical uses for alfalfa.
9. Precautions of alfalfa.
10. Summary.
3. Definition of alfalfa
Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa)
Family: Legume (Leguminosesea)
Common Names:
Buffalo herb
Lucerne
Purple medic
Habitat: North America, the Mediterranean region,
western Asia; foothills and mountain areas.
5. Pharmaceutical uses of alfalfa
Nutritional Support
Allergies
Diabetes
Menopausal Symptoms (e.g. Hot Flashes)
High Cholesterol
6. Cure of cholesterol by alfalfa
It depends on saponins that found
in alfalfa with high concentration.
Extensive human clinical research
has shown that:
plant sterols and plant sterol esters
substantially and consistently lower total blood
cholesterol levels by 6 - 10% and LDL (bad)
cholesterol by 8 - 15%.
Health organizations: suggest 2 g of
plant sterols as the optimum daily dosage.
Dosages higher than 3 g/d provide little
additional benefits, and are therefore not
recommended.
7. Saponins
Definition:
Saponins are steroid or triterpenoid glycosides, common in a large
number of plants and plant products that are important in human and animal
nutrition.
They derive their name from their ability to form stable, soap-like foams
in aqueous solutions.
8. Saponins
Structure:
Saponins consist of a sugar moiety usually containing
glucose, galactose, glucuronic acid , xylose , rhamnose or
methylpentose, glycosidically linked to a hydrophobic
aglycone (sapogenin) which may be triterpenoid or steroid
in nature.
9. Saponins
Types of saponins:
1-sterodial saponins :
consist of C-27 with 5 methyl
group .
Less distributed in nature .
Mainly used as precursor of sex
hormones & corticosteroids.
10. Saponins
2-triterpenoidal saponins:
Consist of C-30 .
Have pentacyclic skeleton with 8
methyl group.
Much distributed in nature
comparing to steroidal saponins.
Note :
Saponins are in immature plant ratio is
higher than mature plants in the
same species.
11. Hypocholesterolemic effect by saponins
Saponins &bile acids are both ampiphilic
compound , partly hydrophilic ,partly hydrophobic .in
aqueous solution individually they form small
micelles ,their hydrophobic triterpene or steroid
groups stacking together like small piles of coins .
when the two type are mixed their hydrophobic
groups interleave with each other in their stacks . the
steric and electrostatic constraints to the formation of
micelles are relieved and the stacks become greatly
extended , incorporating many hundreds of molecules
.
15. Other pharmaceutical for
alfalfa
1. Alfalfa has antibiotic properties:
The saponins in alfalfa have been shown to be
antifungal. This activity is concentrated mainly in
the medicagenic acid fraction. Alfalfa has shown
some activity against tuberculosis bacteria, while
aqueous and volatile extracts of alfalfa are
antibacterial against gram negative bacteria.
16. 2.Alfalfa contains vitamin K, an
antihemolytic agent.
Vitamin K is found in many green leafy plants, but is
especially abundant in alfalfa. The herb has therefore
been effectively used in treatment of vitamin K
disorders in man. When the delivery of bile to the
bowel is hindered, as in obstructive jaundice or biliary
fistula, a bleeding disorder may arise. Other bleeding
disorders may result from the use of artificial
formulas to feed newborns, protracted antibiotic
therapy, pancreatic insufficiency, chronic diarrhea
and steatorrhea, and from the misuse of
anticoagulants, aspirin, and anticonvulsant drugs
17. 3. Menopausal symptoms
Alfalfa contains coumestans, which are
phytoestrogens. For this reason, alfalfa has been
examined in laboratory studies for menopausal
symptoms
18. Precautions of uses alfalfa
1. Alfalfa, in its various forms, may present some
health risks. Powdered alfalfa herb, alfalfa sprouts,
and alfalfa seeds all contain L- Canavanine , a
substance that may cause abnormal blood cell
counts, spleen enlargement, or recurrence of lupus
in patients with controlled disease.
Note:
However, heating alfalfa may correct this problem.
19. Precautions of uses alfalfa
2.Pregnant or nursing women, young children, or
people with estrogen sensitive cancers should also
avoid alfalfa because of its possible estrogenic effects.
20. Precautions of uses alfalfa
3.Alfalfa has a high potassium content. People with
chronic kidney insufficiency, hypoaldosteronism, or
who are using potassium-altering medications should
avoid alfalfa to avoid the risk of potentially life-
threatening hyperkalemia (too much potassium in the
blood).
21. summary
Alfalfa is a good source of saponins for curing
hypercholesterolemia .
Alfalfa has another pharmaceutical uses for
diseases like (Diabetes).
Alfalfa not recommended for some people who has :
1) lupus or lupus history.
2) who has sensitivity from estrogen.
3) people who have problem in kidney.
22. Reference
Sidhu,G,S; Oakenfull,D,G (1986) A mechanism for
the hypocholesterolaemic activity of saponins.
British J.of nutrition , 55 : 643 – 649.
Francis,G;Kerem,Z ; Makkar,s,p,h and Becker,
Klaus(2002). The biological action of saponins in
animal systems: a review. British Journal of
Nutrition,88:587-605.
23. wisdom
Not all we eat is useful for us but we didn’t think
before that there is a lot of benefits in other plants
that “ALLAH” give us but we don’t use it.