2. INTRODUCTION
• Syphilis Is A Bacterial Sexually Transmitted
Infection (STI) Caused By Treponema
Pallidum Which Results In Substantial
Morbidity And Mortality, And It Is Curable.
3. DEFINITION
❖Syphilis is a bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact. the disease
starts as a painless sore — typically on the genitals, rectum or mouth. syphilis
spreads from person to person via skin or mucous membrane contact with
these sores.
❖The cause of syphilis is a bacterium called treponema pallidum. the most
common way syphilis is spread is through contact with an infected person's
sore during sexual activity.
4. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
➢ A Chancre Oval Ulcer
➢ Lymphadenopathy
➢ Generalized Rash (Non-pruritic Rash) Appears On Palm
Of Hand And Sole Of Feet
➢ Gray Superficial Mucus Patches
Genital Warts
➢ Headache
➢ Nausea
➢ Anorexia
➢ Constipation
➢ Muscles, Joint And Bone Pain
➢Visual Problems, Including Blindness
➢Dementia
➢Loss Of Pain And Temperature Sensations
➢Sexual Dysfunction In Men
➢Bladder Incontinence
➢Damage Heart Valves.
➢Stroke
➢Meningitis
➢Hearing Loss
➢Alopecia
5. TYPES
• PRIMARY SYPHILIS: The first stage happens two to 12 weeks after exposure to someone with
syphilis. during this stage, a smooth, hard sore called a chancre develops on your genitals or
mouth. a chancre is small and usually painless.
• SECONDARY SYPHILIS: About one to six months after the syphilis sore goes away, a rough, bumpy
syphilis rash appears. the rash can cover entire body, including your palms and soles (bottoms) of
your feet.
• LATENT SYPHILIS : At this stage, the infection can damage your heart, bones, nerves and organs.
6. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Due to etiological factor ( T. Pallidum)
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Enters in the body by direct sexual contact
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Organism multiply through the blood stream and lymphatic system
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Infection can spread through trans-placentally to fetus (congenital syphilis)
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Can progress to irreversible blindness, mental illness, paralysis, heart disease and death.
7. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
➢ History collection and physical examination.
➢BLOOD TESTS: can confirm the presence of antibodies .The antibodies to the syphilis-
causing bacteria remain in body for years, so the test can be used to determine a
current or past infection.
➢CEREBROSPINAL FLUID. CSF may be examine for neurosyphilis.
➢FTA-ABS test(fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS): is the best
confirmatory test for a serum reactive FTA-ABS antibodies rise more quickly in primary
syphilis and remain positive in tertiary syphilis.
➢Screening for other HIV & STIs
➢Dark field microscopy must be done for other spirochetes.
8. TREATMENT
➢ The treatment of choice for syphilis is BENZATHINE PENICILLIN G, single dose
intramuscular.
➢ Neurosyphilis is treated with IV aqueous crystalline penicillin G.
➢ For non-pregnant client who are allergic to penicillin, doxycycline or
tetracycline may be given.
➢Tetracycline 500 mg orally 4 times daily OR Doxycycline 100 mg orally twice
daily.
