The document discusses sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including their causes, symptoms, transmission, diagnosis and treatment. It focuses on syphilis, gonorrhea and AIDS. Syphilis is caused by bacteria Treponema pallidum and progresses through primary, secondary, latent and tertiary stages if untreated. Gonorrhea is a common STD caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria presenting with abnormal discharge and pain during urination. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which progresses from acute infection to chronic infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if not treated.

1. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
Mr. Bulet Kumar Gupta
Assistant Professor,
Sai College of Pharmacy, Mau

2. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
INTRODUCTION
• Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), or sexually transmitted infections
(STIs), are infections that are passed from one person to another through
sexual contact.
• Some STDs can be passed from a pregnant person to the baby,
either during pregnancy or when giving birth.
• That STDs may be spread include during breastfeeding, through blood
transfusions, or by sharing needles.

3. Most STDs affect both men and women, but in many cases the health problems they cause can be
more severe for women. If an STD is passed to a baby, it can cause serious health problems.
• STDs can be caused by bacteria, viruses& parasites
A) STDs caused by Bacteria-
-Syphilis
-Gonorrhea (unusual discharge)
-Chancroid (ulcers of the genitals)
-Non-specific Vaginitis(non-purulent vaginal discharge)
B) STDs caused by Viruses-
-AIDS
-Genital herpes simplex (pain & itching around genitals)
-Genital warts
C) STDs caused by Parasites
-Trichomonus vaginitis (Green or yellow vaginal discharge)
-Scabies(itchy skin rash)

4. Antibiotics can treat STDs caused by bacteria or parasites. There is no cure for
STDs caused by viruses, but medicines can often help with the symptoms and
lower your risk of spreading the infection.

5. SIGN & SYMPTOMS
• Unusual discharge from the penis or vagina
• Sores or warts on the genital area
• Painful or frequent urination (peeing)
• Itching and redness in the genital area
• sores in or around the mouth
• Abnormal vaginal odor
• Anal itching, soreness, or bleeding
• Abdominal Pain
• Fever
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

6. • Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that’s treatable with
medication. Without treatment, syphilis causes serious health problems. It
can permanently damage your heart, brain, muscles, bones and eyes. To
reduce your risk of infection, always use a condom during sex.
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
Causative agent – Traponema Pallidum
Incubation period- Approx 3 weeks.
SYPHILIS

7. • Syphilis can progress through four different stages. The infection causes
different symptoms in each stage.
• The stages of syphilis are: primary, secondary, latent and late (tertiary)
syphilis.
1) Primary syphilis: The first stage happens 2 to 12 weeks after exposure to
someone with syphilis.
During this stage, a smooth, hard sore called a chancre develops on your
genitals or mouth.
2) Secondary syphilis: About one to six months after the syphilis sore goes
away, a rough, bumpy syphilis rash appears.

8. Symptoms
• Fever.
• Fatigue.
• Wart-like sores.
• Muscle aches.
• Weight loss
• Headaches.
• Hair loss.
 You can pass syphilis infection during this stage during vaginal, anal or oral sex.
3) Latent syphilis: If you don’t receive treatment during the first two stages, the
infection moves into the latent stage.
In this stage, the infection can damage your heart, bones, nerves and organs.
This stage can last up to 20 years.
Without treatment, the infection progresses to the late stage.

9. 4) Late (tertiary) syphilis: For many people, symptoms don’t progress past the
latent phase.
Which causes a range of serious health problems.
These problems occur slowly and include--
• Brain damage and Dementia
• Vision problems, including blindness.
• Heart disease and Nerve damage.
• Movement disorders and muscle problems.

10. What is congenital syphilis?
Congenital syphilis occurs when a pregnant person passes the infection to the
fetus during pregnancy. Syphilis causes severe health problems (including
death) in babies and young children.
 According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
there were about 134,000 cases of syphilis in 2020.

11. Mode of Transmission
• Syphilis is contagious, especially in the primary and secondary stages
when you have sores, ulcers or a rash. Syphilis typically spreads from
person to person during sexual contact, even if there’s no penetration or
ejaculation.
• However, you can get it if any part of your body touches the sore or rash of
someone with syphilis.
• If you have syphilis and have sex, you can infect your partner.
Diagnosis for Syphilis
• Direct fluorescent antibody test for T. Pallidum
• VDRL test
Treatment
• Antibiotic medication treats syphilis.
Such as- Penicillin G (Parenterally) and Benzathine

12. GONORRHEA
Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by a
bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Gonorrhea is spread through sexual fluids, including vaginal fluid and semen.
You can get gonorrhea from intercourse with an infected person.
Greater risk of infection if -
• You are under 25 age.
• You have a history of STIs.
• You are having sex with one or more partners.

13. Gonorrhea symptoms in women
• Unusual vaginal discharge (white or yellow).
• Pain in your lower abdomen.
• Pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia).
• Pain or burning when urination (dysuria).
• Bleeding between periods.
Gonorrhea symptoms in men
• White, yellow or green discharge from your penis.
• Pain or burning when peeing (dysuria).
• Testicular pain and swollen testicles
INCUBATION PERIOD
10 Days to Approx. 3 week may be upto 3 months)

14. MODE OF TRANSMISSION
• Sexual intercourse
• Intimate person to person contact
• Transfusion of infected blood
• Materno - foetal transmission
DIAGNOSIS
• Perform a pelvic exam, taking a fluid sample from your cervix for testing.
• Take a sample of fluid from your penis for testing.
• Swab your throat or rectum to collect fluid for testing.
• Take a urine sample for testing.
Management and Treatment
• 500 milligrams of Ceftriaxone
• Gentamycin + Azithromycin

15. AIDS
• Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions
caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a
retrovirus.
• There is currently no effective cure but treatment with HIV medicines
(called antiretroviral therapy or ART) can slow or prevent HIV from
advancing from one stage to the next.

20. SYMPTOMS

22. STAGES OF HIV
• STAGE 1- Acute HIV Infection
• STAGE 2- Chronic HIV Infection
• STAGE 3- AIDS
DIAGNOSIS
• Antibody Test
• RNA/DNA Test
• ELISA test