3. BRIEF HISTORY OF GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELING
• Guidance and counseling is a new field in science.
• Counseling revolved with the work from Sigmund
Freud and few more analyst that have done the
research about human emotion.
• Finally, a few famous names such as Albert Ellis,
Eric Berne, William Glasser and Carl Rogers came
out with their views and perspectives of
guidance and counseling.
4. CRONOLOGY OF GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELING DEVELOPMENT IN AMERICA.
• World War II had given a great impact on the
development of counseling.
• In the late 1940s and 1950s, counseling had
grabbed the social attention as the counselors
start giving treatments to the community as
the country is restoring from the war.
• Guidance and counseling have become a
major profession besides doctors, architect
and builders.
5. FULL CHRONOLOGY OF GUIDANCE
AND COUNSELING IN AMERICA
Before 1900s
Counseling is
viewed as
giving
advises
1900s
Sigmund
Freud came
out with the
Psychoanalysis
Theory
1910s
National
Vocational
Guidance
Association was
established
1960s
Abraham Maslow
Came out with
his Humanistic
Counseling
Theory
1960s
Abraham Maslow
Came out with
his Humanistic
Counseling
Theory
7. INTRODUCTION
• Guidance & counseling are essential elements
of every educational activity.
• Guidance & counseling are not two similar
terms. Counseling is a part of guidance.
• Guidance, in educational context, means to
indicate, point out, show the way, lead out &
to direct.
8. • Counseling is a specialized service of guidance.
• It is the process of helping individuals learn
more about themselves, their present &
possible future situations to make a change
and contribution to the society.
9. DEFINITION OF GUIDANCE
• Guidance: the act of giving advices or
guidance to others
•
Crow and Crow (1983 ) ; Education - help or
assistance given to students who is in need.
10. DEFINITION OF COUNSELLING
•
Shertzer and Stone (1968 ) ; The process of
interaction that allow individuals to
understand themselves and the situation
• Arbuckle (1965 ) ; counseling is not intended
to help clients adapt to the social
environment, but to help people understand
the advantages , disadvantages and potential
12. CONCEPT OF GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELING
Normal Teacher Guidance and Counseling
teacher
•
do not get specialized
training in guidance and
counseling .
•
receive special training in
guidance and counseling .
13. DIFFERENCE OF GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELING
Guidance Counseling
• Everyone can give
guidance .
• In counseling there is
counseling .
• Guidance for all .
• Occurs in anywhere .
• Theory and application of
knowledge.
• There is a special room .
•Face meetings between
counselor and client .
•Qualified counselor / license
/ attend B & K.
•Codes of ethics guidelines B
& K
15. PURPOSES OF
GUIDANCE
AND
CONSELLING
Efficient use of
capabilities
and talent
Promote
optimal
personal and
professional
development
Balance
individual
development
holistically
Eg;JERIS
Helps in
overall
development
and live
productive life
16. Promote optimal personal and
professional development
• Personal development includes
the physical and psychological
growth of a student.
• Eg; school counselor will give
Aptitude test to determine the
students psychological
condition, and give
support/recommendation if
the student ask for one.
• Student with disciplinary
problem also have to go
through series of counseling so
they will get the solution to
their problems.
17. Balance individual development
holistically
• A student should be able to balance their development.
• This is where the IQ and EQ were tested and consulted.
• Eg, a student who excel in sports and co-curricular should
balance their achievements in academic too
• Counselor will have to suggest few ways to overcome the
problem, such as introducing the applicable timetable to
the students.
18. Helps in overall development and live
productive life
• Students which are not living
a productive life can consult a
school counselor in order to
do so.
• The school counselor will
have several approaches
which can be applied in order
for the students to change
their lifestyle.
• Eg, An anti-social student can
be more social and involved
in other activities outside
classroom with the mastery
of social skills.
20. CHANCES
• Every student who that has a problem should
be given the opportunity to receive guidance
and counseling services , regardless of race ,
social status , background and religion or
belief .
21. JOINT RESPONSIBILITY
• Guidance and Counseling Services is a joint
responsibility , that cooperation must exist not
only between counselors and students who
need guidance , but also between the
counselor and the school as peers and parents
concerned.
22. PROCEDURAL AND PLANNED
• Counselling services should be dealt with
according to the procedures and rules or
procedures as prescribed . It becomes
effective when planned systematically and
regularly
23. FRIENDLY RELATIONSHIP AND TRUST
• Counseling is interaction between counselors
and students based on the principles of
friendly relations, trust , sincerity and honesty
to clients
24. CANNOT BE FORCED
• Guidance and Counselling Service can only be
given to students who are willing to be willing
to accept it and not be forced , including
choosing a discussion .
25. CARRIED OUT IN A SPECIAL ROOM
• A counseling session can only be conducted
between counselor and client in a specially
prepared room .
26. CARRIED OUT ACCORDING TO THE
ETHICS
• Counselling should be managed in accordance
with its ethics , in order to preserve the rights
of students. Any student information is
considered confidential and may only be
disclosed to parties with help only with the
consent of the client .
27. CARRIED OUT CONFIDENTIALLY
• Counselling should be conducted in a situation
alone between counselors and students only.
All matters discussed should be kept
confidential.
28. PLANNED FOR FOLLOW UPS
• Follow-up should be planned after the
Guidance and Counselling services in order to
ensure the problems encountered , be it
academic , social or emotional , will not be
renewed .
29. MANAGED BY QUALIFIED COUNSELOR
• Guidance and Counselling Service can only be
managed by a qualified counselor or guidance
of trained teachers , people who are skilled
and able to guide the client itself solve the
problem of academic or personal problems
•
30. IMPORTANCE OF GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELLING IN EDUCATION
• To help nursing students in establishing proper identity.
• To help them to develop a positive attitude towards life.
• To help to overcome periods of turmoil & confusion.
• To help students in developing their leadership qualities.
• To motivate them for taking membership in professional
organizations after competing their studies.
• Helps them to make advantages of technological
advancement in a patient care.
• Helps them to readiness for changes & face challenges
• To carryout responsibilities as a health team member
• Helps them to proper selection of career
• Motivate them for higher studies.
31. To help to overcome periods of turmoil & confusion.
Explaination and introduction to the
growth phases in their lives
Giving psychological support
according to the students needs
To help them to develop a positive attitude towards life.
Motivational speech
Encouraging camps held during
summer break
To help nursing students in establishing proper identity.
APTIS test,personality test
32. To motivate them for taking membership in professional
organizations after competing their studies.
Career support Career suggesting
To help students in developing their leadership qualities
Boosts leadership qualities with giving responsibilities
towards simple programmes or activities in school
33. Motivate them for higher studies.
speeches talks
Helps them to proper selection of career
Career counseling
Career compatibility
test
34. REFERENCES
• Ahmad, I. (2002). Perkhidmatan Bimbingan Dan
Kaunseling Di Sekolah Rendah. Cheras, Kuala
Lumpur: Utusan Publication & Distributors Sdn
Bhd.
• Mizan Adillah Ahmad Ibrahim, Wan Mohd Fazrul
Azdi Wan Razali, Hanit Osman. (2012). Kaunseling
Dalam Islam. Bandar Baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan:
Universiti Islam Malaysia.
• Sapora Sipon, Hapsah Yusof. (2013). Pengenalan
Kepada Profesion Kaunseling. Bandar Baru Nilai,
Negeri Sembilan: Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia.
