ABSTRACT: Lung abscess is the necrosis of pulmonary tissue with formation of cavities (more than 2cm)..Predisposing factors include bronchogenic carcinoma or other bronchial obstructions,bronchiectasis and pulmonary infarction. Diagnosis is by chest radiography and computed tomography(CT),Frequently isolated pathogens include anaerobes and nosocomial microorganisms,Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, mycobacteria,parasites and fungi.Antibiotics of choice include penicillin with β lactamase inhibitors., carbapenem, quinolones, amoxicillin-clavulanate and amoxicillin sulbactam. Metronidazole not so effective because of microaerophilic streptococci. Medical management failure often is secondary to undrained pleural collections, endobronchial obstruction caused by a neoplasm or foreign body. High rates of morbidity and mortality associated with lung abscess despite antibiotic therapy and supported care. Patients with predisposing conditions like a large sized abscess and right-lower lobe location, have the worst prognosis. The prognosis of lung abscess has not improved sufficiently since the introduction of antibiotics, other modalities should be considered for patients with prognostics signs.
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common complication of scleroderma that leads to inflammation and scarring of the lungs. In this session, we will review the prevalence of scleroderma-associated ILD (SSc-ILD), classic symptoms, and the approach to evaluating patients with suspected disease. In addition, we will cover various treatments available for patients with SSc-ILD.
This talk was presented at the Scleroderma Patient Education Conference on May 4, 2024, hosted by the Scleroderma Foundation of Greater Chicago.
For more info about scleroderma and the foundation, head to www.stopscleroderma.org
ABSTRACT: Lung abscess is the necrosis of pulmonary tissue with formation of cavities (more than 2cm)..Predisposing factors include bronchogenic carcinoma or other bronchial obstructions,bronchiectasis and pulmonary infarction. Diagnosis is by chest radiography and computed tomography(CT),Frequently isolated pathogens include anaerobes and nosocomial microorganisms,Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, mycobacteria,parasites and fungi.Antibiotics of choice include penicillin with β lactamase inhibitors., carbapenem, quinolones, amoxicillin-clavulanate and amoxicillin sulbactam. Metronidazole not so effective because of microaerophilic streptococci. Medical management failure often is secondary to undrained pleural collections, endobronchial obstruction caused by a neoplasm or foreign body. High rates of morbidity and mortality associated with lung abscess despite antibiotic therapy and supported care. Patients with predisposing conditions like a large sized abscess and right-lower lobe location, have the worst prognosis. The prognosis of lung abscess has not improved sufficiently since the introduction of antibiotics, other modalities should be considered for patients with prognostics signs.
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common complication of scleroderma that leads to inflammation and scarring of the lungs. In this session, we will review the prevalence of scleroderma-associated ILD (SSc-ILD), classic symptoms, and the approach to evaluating patients with suspected disease. In addition, we will cover various treatments available for patients with SSc-ILD.
This talk was presented at the Scleroderma Patient Education Conference on May 4, 2024, hosted by the Scleroderma Foundation of Greater Chicago.
For more info about scleroderma and the foundation, head to www.stopscleroderma.org
tuberculosis lecture | pulmonary Tuberculosis
my self ritesh padghan
tuberculosis is infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis in active and latent type of tuberculosis .
BRIEF DISCUSSION INCLUDE
:-LEARNING ABOUT
Introduction
Definition
Causative organism
Risk factor
Transmission
Clinical manifestation
Diagnostic evaluation
Medical management
In this lecture the pathophysiology and phathogenesis of tuberculosis has been discussed
HOPE YOU LIKE
#tuberculosis #respiratorysystem #chronicdiorder #TBkid #endTB #lunghealth # COVID19 #COMMUNIOTY #INFLUNZA #worldtbday # disease
ABSTRACT- Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most virulent diseases, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). It has been estimated that about one-third of world’s population to be affected with TB Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious granulomatous disease. The causative agent of tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) constitutes about 20% of all TB. It is very challenging the diagnosing EPTB because the sample obtained from relatively inaccessible sites. EPTB is the TB involving organs other than the lungs (e.g., pleura, lymph nodes, abdomen, genitourinary tract, skin, joints and bones, or meninges). The biochemical markers in TB-affected fluids (adenosine deaminase or gamma interferon) and other techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may be useful in the diagnosis of EPTB. Although the disease usually responds to standard anti-TB drug therapy, the duration of treatment has not yet been established because smear microscopy or culture is not available to monitor patients with EPTB, clinical monitoring is the usual way to assess the response to treatment. Key-words- Tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, PCR, EPTB
BlastomycosisClinical Presentation Patient is a 36 yjenkinsmandie
Blastomycosis
Clinical Presentation
Patient is a 36 year-old African American male from Baton Rouge, La. He was admitted into the ER suffering from shortness of breath and productive cough for two weeks. Ulcerative lesions are found on the patient’s left calf. Patient reports pain located at the knees. HIV test was positive. Chest x-rays and tissue biopsy were performed. The tissue biopsy of the ulcerative lesions showed fungal organism that suggest Blastomyces dermatidis. In addition, a sputum test was performed and found fungal organism present confirming Blastomyces dermatidis.
Patient began working on a construction site along the river about two months ago. Reports
of patients suffering similar symptoms have been found in the past year in the same area
that this patient worked at. Officials are testing the soil to determine if conidia of
Blastomyces dermatidis are present.
Patient was put on itraconazole for two weeks. Initial progress was slow but the fungal
infection eventually cleared up. Lesions are beginning to heal and patient reports that he
no longer have trouble breathing. His coughs are reduced as well. Long-term treatment with
itraconazole is required in order to prevent a reoccurrence.
What is Blastomycosis?
Blastomycosis is a fungal infection caused by a fungus called Blastomyces dermatidis
It is found in moist soil, specifically in rotting vegetation
It is contracted through inhalation, and it starts by infecting the lungs
From the lungs it disseminates into the bloodstream and lymphatics where it spread to the rest of the body
Also involves the skin, joint, bones, organs, central nervous system
weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV or who have had an organ transplant
Uncommon but can deadly in adults
Clinical Manifestation
Chronic illness
low-grade fever
productive cough
fatigue
night sweats
weight loss
Respiratory Signs of Blastomycosis
Rapidly progressive, and severe disease, eg, multilobar pneumonia or ARDS
fever
shortness of breath
tachypnea
hypoxemia
finally hemodynamic collapse
Acute illness analogous to bacterial pneumonia
high fever
chills
productive cough
pleuritic chest pain
mucopurulent or purulent sputum
Flu like symptoms
fever
chills
myalgia
headache
nonproductive cough
Clinical Manifestation
Osteoarticular lesions
bone or joint pain
soft-tissue swelling
involvement of any bone may be involved
most common sites
vertebrae and pelvis
Extrapulmonary manifestations present in 25-40% of cases
Genitourinary
prostatitis and epididymitis
asymptomatic or painful urination
Central nervous system
Intracranial abscesses
Epidural abscesses
meningitis
Cutaneous lesions
verrucous or ulcerative
asymptomatic
Other organ sites reported include the eye, liver, breast, thyroid, and adrenal gland.
Initial Diagnosis
Clinically, blastomycosis can be difficult to recognize even in the endemic areas where clinicians are aware of this pr ...
tuberculosis lecture | pulmonary Tuberculosis
my self ritesh padghan
tuberculosis is infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis in active and latent type of tuberculosis .
BRIEF DISCUSSION INCLUDE
:-LEARNING ABOUT
Introduction
Definition
Causative organism
Risk factor
Transmission
Clinical manifestation
Diagnostic evaluation
Medical management
In this lecture the pathophysiology and phathogenesis of tuberculosis has been discussed
HOPE YOU LIKE
#tuberculosis #respiratorysystem #chronicdiorder #TBkid #endTB #lunghealth # COVID19 #COMMUNIOTY #INFLUNZA #worldtbday # disease
ABSTRACT- Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most virulent diseases, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). It has been estimated that about one-third of world’s population to be affected with TB Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious granulomatous disease. The causative agent of tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) constitutes about 20% of all TB. It is very challenging the diagnosing EPTB because the sample obtained from relatively inaccessible sites. EPTB is the TB involving organs other than the lungs (e.g., pleura, lymph nodes, abdomen, genitourinary tract, skin, joints and bones, or meninges). The biochemical markers in TB-affected fluids (adenosine deaminase or gamma interferon) and other techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may be useful in the diagnosis of EPTB. Although the disease usually responds to standard anti-TB drug therapy, the duration of treatment has not yet been established because smear microscopy or culture is not available to monitor patients with EPTB, clinical monitoring is the usual way to assess the response to treatment. Key-words- Tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, PCR, EPTB
BlastomycosisClinical Presentation Patient is a 36 yjenkinsmandie
Blastomycosis
Clinical Presentation
Patient is a 36 year-old African American male from Baton Rouge, La. He was admitted into the ER suffering from shortness of breath and productive cough for two weeks. Ulcerative lesions are found on the patient’s left calf. Patient reports pain located at the knees. HIV test was positive. Chest x-rays and tissue biopsy were performed. The tissue biopsy of the ulcerative lesions showed fungal organism that suggest Blastomyces dermatidis. In addition, a sputum test was performed and found fungal organism present confirming Blastomyces dermatidis.
Patient began working on a construction site along the river about two months ago. Reports
of patients suffering similar symptoms have been found in the past year in the same area
that this patient worked at. Officials are testing the soil to determine if conidia of
Blastomyces dermatidis are present.
Patient was put on itraconazole for two weeks. Initial progress was slow but the fungal
infection eventually cleared up. Lesions are beginning to heal and patient reports that he
no longer have trouble breathing. His coughs are reduced as well. Long-term treatment with
itraconazole is required in order to prevent a reoccurrence.
What is Blastomycosis?
Blastomycosis is a fungal infection caused by a fungus called Blastomyces dermatidis
It is found in moist soil, specifically in rotting vegetation
It is contracted through inhalation, and it starts by infecting the lungs
From the lungs it disseminates into the bloodstream and lymphatics where it spread to the rest of the body
Also involves the skin, joint, bones, organs, central nervous system
weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV or who have had an organ transplant
Uncommon but can deadly in adults
Clinical Manifestation
Chronic illness
low-grade fever
productive cough
fatigue
night sweats
weight loss
Respiratory Signs of Blastomycosis
Rapidly progressive, and severe disease, eg, multilobar pneumonia or ARDS
fever
shortness of breath
tachypnea
hypoxemia
finally hemodynamic collapse
Acute illness analogous to bacterial pneumonia
high fever
chills
productive cough
pleuritic chest pain
mucopurulent or purulent sputum
Flu like symptoms
fever
chills
myalgia
headache
nonproductive cough
Clinical Manifestation
Osteoarticular lesions
bone or joint pain
soft-tissue swelling
involvement of any bone may be involved
most common sites
vertebrae and pelvis
Extrapulmonary manifestations present in 25-40% of cases
Genitourinary
prostatitis and epididymitis
asymptomatic or painful urination
Central nervous system
Intracranial abscesses
Epidural abscesses
meningitis
Cutaneous lesions
verrucous or ulcerative
asymptomatic
Other organ sites reported include the eye, liver, breast, thyroid, and adrenal gland.
Initial Diagnosis
Clinically, blastomycosis can be difficult to recognize even in the endemic areas where clinicians are aware of this pr ...
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
Lung Abscess.pdf
1. الرحيم الرحمن هللا بسم
Lung Abscess
Prof. Abdulsalam Y Taha
College of Medicine
University of Sulaimani
2022
1
2. Lung Abscess of the Right Lower Pulmonary
Lobe in a 30-years old Diabetic Man
2
3. Comment
Lung abscess is a type of liquefactive
necrosis of the lung tissue and formation
of cavities (more than 2 cm) containing
necrotic debris or fluid caused by
microbial infection. It can be caused by
aspiration, which may occur during altered
consciousness and it usually causes a pus-
filled cavity [1].
In diabetes, the lowered immunity of the
patients increases their risk of infection in
general. 3
4. Bibliography
[1] Kuhajda I, Zarogoulidis K,
Tsirgogianni K, Tsavlis D, Kioumis I,
Kosmidis C, Tsakiridis K, Mpakas A,
Zarogoulidis P, Zissimopoulos A,
Baloukas D, Kuhajda D. Lung abscess-
etiology, diagnostic and treatment
options. Ann Transl Med. 2015
Aug;3(13):183. doi:
10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.07.08.
PMID: 26366400; PMCID: PMC4543327.
4
