Introduction to cell biology, structure-function relationship, unity and diversity in cells.

1. Dr Saba Butt
Department of Biological Sciences
FCCU

2.  In Biology or Life Science, it is a membrane-
bound unit filled with a concentrated aqueous
solution of chemicals and smaller subunits.
It is:
 Capable to grow and divide
 Make communities and send signals
 Make organisms

4.  Cells are fundamental units of life
 Cells show Unity and Diversity of Life
 Theme: Function is based upon
structure, cells demonstrate it well.

5.  Similar Organelles
(nucleus, ribosomes, golgi, vacoules etc.)
 Similar molecules
(proteins, carbohydrates, fats)
 Similar processes (Kreb's
cycle, ETC, transcription, translation etc.)

7. S Animal Cell Plant Cell
i
Nucleus: Present Present
m
Cytoplasm: Present Present
i
Endoplasmic
l
Reticulum (Smooth Present Present
a
and Rough):
r
Ribosomes: Present Present
i
Mitochondria: Present Present
t
Golgi Apparatus: Present Present
i
Microtubules/
e Present Present
Microfilaments:
s
May be found in May be found
Flagella:
some cells in some cells

8. D
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Cilia: Present It is very rare
i
Round (irregular Rectangular (fixed
f Shape:
shape) shape)
f Plant cells have
e chloroplasts
Animal cells don't
r Chloroplast: because they
have chloroplasts
make their own
e food
n One or more One, large central
c small vacuoles vacuole taking up
Vacuole:
(much smaller 90% of cell
e
than plant cells). volume.
s
Present in all Only present in
Centrioles:
animal cells lower plant forms.
Plastids: Absent Present

9. Animal Cell Plant Cell
Cell wall: Absent Present
Plasma only cell cell wall and a cell
Membrane: membrane membrane
Lysosomes
Lysosomes occur
Lysosomes: usually not
in cytoplasm.
evident.

10. These have similarities:
1. They both have DNA as their genetic material.
2. They are both membrane bound.
3. They both have ribosomes .
4. They have similar basic metabolism .
5. They are both amazingly diverse in forms.

11.  No defined nucleus  Defined nucleus
 Simpler nuclear material  Complex nuclear material
 No membrane-bound  Have membrane-bound
organelles organelles
 Larger in size (e.g., animal
 Smaller in size
cells 20 microns
(e.g., bacteria 1x2microns)
 Some forms don’t have it;
 Cell wall made up of who have it, not of
peptidoglycan peptidoglycan
 Divide by binary fission  Divide by mitosis
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes