Root and Afixation

1. A WORD AN ITS
PARTS
Reni Eli Riyani
Putri Kumambang
Yogi Andreva
Laela Nurrohmah
Irwansyah
Roots, Afixes, and their Shapes

2. Introduction
 In this chapter we will focus on the smaller
parts of word, generally called morphemes.
 The area grammar concerned with the
structure of words and with relationships
between words involving the morphemes that
compose them is technically called
morphology.
Morphology
Word
Morpheme
Bigest
smalest

3. Word
Morphemes
Free Bound
*can stand alone *can not stand alone
Affixes
SuffixPrefix
Root Shapes

4. Root
 Root is the morpheme carrying the main
meaning of the word.
 Root is like the heart of word
 But it doesn’t mean that the root is always free.
 There are also bounds root

5. Root
What are the roots of these words ?
- Running
- Happiness
- Helpful
(Run , Happy, Help) these roots are called free morphe

6. Root
 Roots can be added by prefix and suffix.
examples : Un-happy , Happiness
 But there are roots which cannot be added by
prefix and suffix (noun)
examples : table, cat
 Root also can be follow by the others root
example : pencilcase, telephone

7. Bound
Roots
Greek (G)
Latin (L)
Root Mean Examples
Ast (G) Star Asteroid , Astronomy , Astronaut,
Asterisk
Audi (L) Hear Audible, Audience, Auditory,
Auditorium, Audition
Bio (G) Life Biography, Biology
Tele (G) Far off Telecast, telephone, telephaty
Port (L) Carry Export, portable, deport, important

8. Cranberry morpheme
 In linguistic morphology, a cranberry
morpheme (or fossilized terms) is a type of
bound morpheme that cannot be assigned an
independent meaning or grammatical function,
but nonetheless serves to distinguish one
word from the other.
 Examples :
-mit in permit, commit, transmit, remit, and
submit. From the Latin verb “mittere meaning
to give, to send”
twi in twilight cran in cranberry

9. Affixes
Prefix
 Added at the begining of
word
To create a new word with a
different meaning
Examples :

11. Affixes
 Added to the end of an axisting word
 To create a new word and a different meaning (Derivational
Suffix)
 To change the grammatical function (Inflectional Suffix)
 Word + Suffix
Suffix

12. Derrivational Suffix
 If added at the end of the word so it will
determine the part of speech. and the
meaning of that word will be different from the
root before
Examples :
Happy ~> Happiness (Adj ~> Noun)
Long ~> Lenghten (Adj ~> Verb)
Friend ~> Friendly (noun ~> Adj)
Clear ~> Clearly (Adj ~> Adverb)

13. Inflectional Suffix
 If added at the end of the word it will give a
gramatically variationwithout change the part
of speech and the meaning.
Suffix Example
-s Book – books, sleep – sleeps
-ing Study – studying – sleep – sleeping
-er , -est Clever – cleverer - cleverest , fast – faster –
fastest
-ed , -ied, -t Learn – learned - learnt , wash – washed ,
study – studied

14. Combining Form
 Compound words
two or more words that compounding to make
a new word
Solid / Closed
Makeup
Football
Notebook
Hypernated
Mother-in-law
Five-years-
old
Space / Open
Post office
Bus stop
Ice cream
Kinds of Compound
words

15. Morphemes and Their
Allomorphs
 Allomorph doesn’t change the meaning, just
has different in pronounciation and spelling
according to their condition.
example :
Allomorphs Word
s , iz, z cat[s] , judge[iz], horse[iz] , day[z]
The The cat , the eagle
In, il, im, ir Incapable, illegal, irreguler, impossible