ALUMINUM THE 13TH ELEMENT IN THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS *WHAT IS ALUMINUM? - Aluminum derives its name from alum. The Latin name for alum is 'alumen' meaning bitter salt.Note on Naming: Sir Humphry Davy proposed the name aluminum for the element, however, the name aluminium was adopted to conform with the "ium" ending of most elements. This spelling is in use in most countries. Aluminium was also the spelling in the U.S. until 1925, when the American Chemical Society officially decided to use the name aluminum instead. *WHO DISCOVERED ALUMINUM? -Hans Christian Oersted *FACTS ABOUT OERSTED -Hans Christian Oersted launched a new epoch in science when he discovered that electricity and magnetism are linked. He showed by experiment that an electric current flowing through a wire could move a nearby magnet. The discovery of electromagnetism set the stage for the eventual development of our modern technology-based world. Oersted also discovered the chemical compound piperine and achieved the first isolation of the element aluminum. ALUMINUM BASIC FACTS: Symbol: AlAtomic Number: 13Atomic Weight:26.981539Element Classification Basic MetalCAS Number: 7429-90-5 Aluminum Periodic Table Location Group: 13Period: 3Block: p ALUMINUM PHYSICAL DATA State at room temperature (300 K): SolidAppearance: soft, light, silvery white metalDensity: 2.6989 g/ccDensity at Melting Point: 2.375 g/ccSpecific Gravity: 7.874 (20 °C)Melting Point: 933.47 K, 660.32 °C, 1220.58 °F Boiling Point: 2792 K, 2519 °C, 4566 °FCritical Point: 8550 KHeat of Fusion: 10.67 kJ/molHeat of Vaporization: 293.72 kJ/molMolar Heat Capacity: 25.1 J/mol·KSpecific Heat: 24.200 J/g·K (at 20 °C) *Uses and properties -Image explanation Aircraft fuselages and aluminium foil are just two of the many and varied uses of this element. -Appearance Aluminium is a silvery-white, lightweight metal. It is soft and malleable.malleable.

1. ALUMINUM
THE 13TH ELEMENT IN THE PERIODIC TABLE OF
ELEMENTS

2. HISTORY OF ALUMINUM…
History: Alum (potassium aluminum sulfate- KAl(SO4)2) has been used since
ancient times. It was used in tanning, dyeing, and as an aid to stop minor
bleeding and even as an ingredient in baking powder.
In 1750, German chemist Andreas Marggraf found a technique to produce a new
form of alum without the sulfur. This substance was called alumina, which is
known as aluminum oxide (Al2O3) today. Most contempory chemists of the time
believed alumina was an 'earth' of an previously unknown metal. Aluminum
metal was finally isolated in 1825 by Danish chemist Hans Christian Ørsted
(Oersted). German chemist Friedrich Wöhler attempted unsuccessfully to
reproduce Ørsted's technique and found an alternate method that also
produced metallic aluminum two years later. Historians differ on who should
receive credit for the discovery.

3. Name: Aluminum derives its name from alum. The Latin
name for alum is 'alumen' meaning bitter salt.
Note on Naming: Sir Humphry Davy proposed the name
aluminum for the element, however, the name aluminium
was adopted to conform with the "ium" ending of most
elements. This spelling is in use in most countries.
Aluminium was also the spelling in the U.S. until 1925,
when the American Chemical Society officially decided to
use the name aluminum instead.

4. WHO DISCOVERED ALUMINUM?

5. Hans Christian Oersted

6. FACTS ABOUT OERSTED
Hans Christian Oersted launched a new epoch in science
when he discovered that electricity and magnetism are
linked.
He showed by experiment that an electric current flowing
through a wire could move a nearby magnet.
The discovery of electromagnetism set the stage for the
eventual development of our modern technology-based
world.
Oersted also discovered the chemical compound piperine
and achieved the first isolation of the element aluminum.

7. WHAT IS ALUMINUM?

8. • The name is derived from the Latin name for alum,
'alumen' meaning bitter salt.
ALUMINUM BASIC FACTS:
Symbol: Al
Atomic Number: 13
Atomic Weight:26.981539
Element Classification Basic Metal
CAS Number: 7429-90-5

9. Aluminum Periodic Table Location
Group: 13
Period: 3
Block: p
ALUMINUM PHYSICAL DATA
State at room temperature (300 K): Solid
Appearance: soft, light, silvery white metal
Density: 2.6989 g/cc
Density at Melting Point: 2.375 g/cc
Specific Gravity: 7.874 (20 °C)
Melting Point: 933.47 K, 660.32 °C, 1220.58 °F

10. Boiling Point: 2792 K, 2519 °C, 4566 °F
Critical Point: 8550 K
Heat of Fusion: 10.67 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization: 293.72 kJ/mol
Molar Heat Capacity: 25.1 J/mol·K
Specific Heat: 24.200 J/g·K (at 20 °C)
Uses and properties
Image explanation
Aircraft fuselages and aluminium foil are just two of the many and varied
uses of this element.
Appearance
Aluminium is a silvery-white, lightweight metal. It is soft and malleable.

11. Uses
Aluminium is used in a huge variety of products including cans, foils, kitchen
utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aeroplane parts. This is because of its
particular properties. It has low density, is non-toxic, has a high thermal
conductivity, has excellent corrosion resistance and can be easily cast, machined
and formed. It is also non-magnetic and non-sparking. It is the second most
malleable metal and the sixth most ductile.
It is often used as an alloy because aluminium itself is not particularly strong. Alloys
with copper, manganese, magnesium and silicon are lightweight but strong. They
are very important in the construction of aeroplanes and other forms of transport.
Aluminium is a good electrical conductor and is often used in electrical
transmission lines. It is cheaper than copper and weight for weight is almost twice
as good a conductor.

12. When evaporated in a vacuum, aluminium forms a highly reflective coating for both
light and heat. It does not deteriorate, like a silver coating would. These aluminium
coatings have many uses, including telescope mirrors, decorative paper, packages and
toys.
Biological role
Aluminium has no known biological role. In its soluble +3 form it is toxic to plants.
Acidic soils make up almost half of arable land on Earth, and the acidity speeds up the
release of Al3+ from its minerals. Crops can then absorb the Al3+ leading to lower
yields.
Our bodies absorb only a small amount of the aluminium we take in with our food.
Foods with above average amounts of aluminium are tea, processed cheese, lentils
and sponge cakes (where it comes from the raising agent). Cooking in aluminium
pans does not greatly increase the amount in our diet, except when cooking acidic
foods such as rhubarb. Some indigestion tablets are pure aluminium hydroxide.
Aluminium can accumulate in the body, and a link with Alzheimer’s disease (senile
dementia) has been suggested but not proven.

13. Natural abundance
Aluminium is the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust (8.1%) but is rarely
found uncombined in nature. It is usually found in minerals such as bauxite
and cryolite. These minerals are aluminium silicates.
Most commercially produced aluminium is extracted by the Hall–Héroult
process. In this process aluminium oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite and
then electrolytically reduced to pure aluminium. Making aluminium is very
energy intensive. 5% of the electricity generated in the USA is used in
aluminium production. However, once it has been made it does not readily
corrode and can be easily recycled.

14. Cool Facts
Once, more precious than gold and silver
Before the discovery of the Bayer and Hall–Héroult processes, aluminum was
more expensive than gold or silver. Napoleon III served state dinners on
aluminum plates.
Aluminum helped pioneer flight
The Wright brothers used aluminum to build key parts of their biplane’s engine because no
manufacturer could provide an engine light enough with the needed horsepower.
The lifespan of an aluminum can
A can is recycled over and over again in a true closed loop. Unopened aluminum cans are
very strong, despite being so thin. Four six-packs of cans are able to support the weight of
a 2-ton vehicle!
Recycling efforts can be improved
Every three months, Americans throw away enough scrap aluminum to rebuild the entire
U.S. commercial airplane fleet. Recycling that metal would save the energy equivalent of
16 million barrels of oil.

15. Cool Science Project Ideas
Aluminum as a thermal insulator
uctor
Compare the electrical conductance of aluminum wire versus cooper wire.
Hydrodynamics (buoyancy/Archimedes principle)
What is the average diameter at which an aluminum sphere (foil ball) sinks (or floats)?
Electricity
Make aluminum foil jump like popcorn using static electricity from a balloon.
Metal properties
Compare the properties/facts and test different metals. Comparison of oxidation rates (rusting)
between aluminum, iron and steel is a solid starting point.
Electrophorus-induction char
Compare how long aluminum keeps an object cold versus other materials. Aluminum cans
versus steel cans is a good place to start.

16. Electrophorus-induction charging using a Leyden Jar
A Leyden Jar is an early form of capacitor consisting of a
glass jar with layers of metal foil on the outside and inside.
Schools and Recycling
Aluminum can be recycled continuously with no loss of its
qualities. Recycling saves 95 percent of the production of
energy needed to create the metal through smelting
processes. Discarding a can wastes as much energy as
powering a laptop computer for 11 hours, or a television for 4
hours. The aluminum industry pays more than $800 million for
recycled material, and every minute an average of 113,000
aluminum cans are recycled. School programs for recycling
can make an environmental difference and create funds for
programs.

17. Aluminum Can Be Fun Stuff
Aluminum powder is commonly used to make fireworks.
Solid rocket boosters, including the engines on the space
shuttle and model rockets, use aluminum as their primary
fuel. Etch-A-Sketches use aluminum powder on the back
side of their screens. Glitter and liquid-metal paint are
made using aluminum pigments.

18. Thank you for
LISTENING
RAPHY BAUTISTA
HUMSS 12-A