Prepared by intern of SKV Sector 16 Rohini for Action Research under student Internship Program of Ladli Foundation

1. MALNUTRITION
• Intern : Vinita Joshi
• School : G.S.K.V sec – 16 rohini delhi-89 (1413070)
• Internship teacher coordinator : Dr. Sushma Singh
• Submitted to Social Internship Program Ladli
Foundation

2. MALNUTRITION :
Consequences, Causes,
Prevention and Control

3. Introduction
•Malnutrition is defined as imbalance
between the body’s need and the intake of
nutrients , which can lead to nutritional
disorders.
•So intake of nutrients in proper amount is
needed.

4. MALNUTRITION
Under
Nutrition
Over
Nutrition
Growth
Failure
Mixed
Micronutrients
Malnutrition
Type I
nutrient
deficiency
Type II
nutrient
deficiency
Physical signs
- Anemia (Iron)
-Beri beri (thiamine)
- pellagra (niacin)
- Xerophthalmia
(Vit A)
Reduced
overall growth
Nitrogen, Sulphur,
Essential amino
acids,potassium,
sodium, magnesium,
zinc,phosphorus

5. Causes of Malnutrition

6. Overpopulation
Scarcity of food
supply
Low income,
Low
purchasing
power
Primary
Causes

7. Diarrhea and
Intestinal
malabsorption
Infection
especially
Respiratory
Metabolic
and Renal
diseases
Obesity,
Insulin,
Resistance
and Diabetes
Secondary Causes

8. Disorders due to Malnutrition
∆ Protein – energy Malnutrition
• Kwashiorkor
• Marasmus
∆ Under nutrition of vitamins and minerals
∆ Obesity

9. Under nutrition of vitamins and minerals
Under nutrition of minerals
• Calcium
- Rickets
• Iodine deficiency
- Goiter
• Iron deficiency
- Anemia
• Zinc
- Growth retardation
Under nutrition of minerals
• Thiamine ( Vitamin B1 )
- Beriberi
• Niacin ( Vitamin B3 )
- Pellagra
• Vitamin C
- Scurvy
• Vitamin D
- Rickets

10. Kwashiorkor
∆ Between 1-3 years old children
Etiology :
• Very low protein but w/calories from CHO
• In places where starchy foods are main staple
• Never exclusively dietary
Symptoms
1. Edema
2. Muscles wasting
3. Hair changes
4. Depigmentation of skin
5. Moonface

11. Marasmus
∆ Common in the 1st year of life
Etiology :
• “Balanced starvation
• Insufficient breast milk
• Dilute milk mixture or lack of hygiene
Symptoms
1. Muscle wasting
2. Growth retardation
3. Mental changes
4. No edema
5. Variable – sub normal temp,
6. Often diarrhea

12. Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency Beriberi
Biochemically, there is accumulation of pyruvic and lactic
acid in body fluids causing :
1. Cardiac dysfunction such as enlargement esp. right side,
edema of interstitial tissue.
2. Degeneration of myelin and of axon cylinders resulting in
peripheral neuropathy and
3. Weakness of eye movement, ataxia of gait and mental
disturbance.

13. Thiamine Deficiency (Beriberi)
Two Forms :
1. Wet Beriberi : Generalized edema, acute cardiac Symptoms
and prompt response to thiamine
administration.
2. Dry Beriberi : edema not present and neurological.

14. Thiamine Deficiency Beriberi

15. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) Deficiency
• Functions:
1. Acts as coenzyme of flavoprotein important in a.a.,f.a.&
CHO metabolism & cellular respiration.
2. Needed also bye retinal eye pigment for light adoption.

16. Riboflavin Deficiency

17. Niacin (Vitamin B3) Deficiency pellagra
Etiology:
1. Diets low in niacin & or tryptophan.
2. Amino acid imbalance or as result of malabsorption.
3. Excessive corn consumption.
Symptoms
1. Weakness, irritability & dizziness.
2. Dermatitis, diarrhea & dementia.
3. Diarrhea, mental changes include4depressionb, irritability.

18. Niacin Deficiency (Pellagra)

19. Goiter
• A Goiter is a swelling of the neck resulting from enlargement
of the thyroid gland, associated with a thyroid gland is
functioning properly or not.
• Causes to iodine deficiency

20. Anemia
• Iron – deficiency anemia is a commodity anemia caused bye
insufficient dietary intake and absorption of iron, and iron loss from
bleeding which can originate from a range of sources such as the
intestinal , uterine or urinary tract.
• Iron deficiency caused approximately half of all anemia causes world
wide, and affects women more often than men.
This can result if :
• The body does not make enough red blood cells.
• Bleeding causes loss of red blood cells more quickly than they can be
replaced.

21. Rickets
• Rickets is a softening of bones in immature
mammals due to deficiency or impaired
metabolism of vitamin D, phosphorus or
calcium.
• Rickets is among the most frequent
childhood diseases in many developing
countries.
• The predominant cause is a vitamin D
deficiency, but lack of adequate calcium in
the diet may also lead to rickets ( causes of
severe diarrhea and vomiting may be the

22. Prevention of Malnutrition
• Use of modern agriculture technique to
increase the agriculture production.
• Proper education to peoples regarding
importance of food.
• Enrichment of food.
• Fortification of food.
• Genetic engineering for the development
of new varieties e.g. – golden rice.

23. What food is good for Malnutrition
• Plenty of fruit and vegetables.
• Plenty of starchy foods such as bread,
rice, potatoes, pasta.
• Some milk and diary foods or non-dairy
alternatives.
• Some sources of protein, such as meat,
fish, eggs and beans.

25. WORKSHOP IN SCHOOL

26. PARENTS INPUT
• Whole grains are the good grains, try to
stick with whole grains like quinoa,
brown rice, etc.
• Stick to low fat yogurt , milk , and
cheese.
• Skip the soda and juice whenever
possible. Drink water.
• Skip the junk foods like Burger, snake,
Pizza etc. Whenever possible eat more
and more fruits.
• Do not get thirsty, you need to drink

27. WORKSHOP
IN
COMMUNITY

29. Special
thanks to
• Directorate Of Education
• Ladli Foundation
• Principle : Alpana Kumari
• Internship coordinator :Dr. Sushma Singh
• Parents : Mr. Bhuwan chand , Mrs. Janki
devi
• Editor : Self