Parking is always a challenge for TOD projects and TOD districts. How do you explain parking requirements and results to commissions, councils and citizens? How do you move forward from the rigid standards in many city codes? Learn a systematic approach for matching parking requirements and transit to different kinds of neighborhoods. Hear how experiments in district-by-district requirements have fared. Explore ways to manage a wide range of parking in a TOD district. Issues, controversy and the consequences of changing parking policy to support TOD -- snag your spot for this lively conversation. Moderator: Paul Roberts, AICP, Council Member, City of Everett; Board Member, Sound Transit, Everett, Washington Karina Ricks, AICP, Principal, Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Services, Washington, DC Jason Wittenberg, AICP, Land Use, Design and Preservation Manager, Community Planning & Economic Development, City of Minneapolis, Minnesota Meea Kang, President Domus Development, Rail~Volution Board of Directors, Irvine, California

1. SEEING THE WHOLE PICTURE
Uniting on and off street parking policy
and management for thriving places
Rail~Voluton 2015
Karina Ricks, Principal @walk_left

2. 2RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
5 to 8Parking spaces for every
registered vehicle in a city
Source: Rich Renomeron

3. 3RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
15-40%Of urban traffic in major commercial
areas are cars circling looking for
parking
Source: Rich Renomeron

4. 4RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
The Conundrum
Private Off Street Parking
! Controlled through zoning process
(planning/zoning departments)
! Often reserved for certain users
! Typically under used
Public On-Street Parking
! Managed by transportation or public
space departments
! Typically available to all
! Too often over subscribed

5. 5RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
Supply comparison – on and off street
Average

6. 6RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
Supply and Utilization (Charlottesville, VA)
- 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000
On-street
Public off street
Private off-street
No of Spaces
58%
67%
92%

7. 7RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
Parking Reform

8. 8RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
HOW DO YOU:
…WELCOME NEW DEVELOPMENT
…MINIMIZE PARKING OVERBUILD
…INCREASE AFFORDABILITY AND MOBILITY
…MAINTAIN PEACE AND HARMONY?

9. 9RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
HOW?
1. OPTIMIZE WHAT THERE IS
2. KNOW WHAT YOU (REALLY) WANT
3. MANAGE ON AND OFF STREET TOGETHER

10. 10RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
Optimize what there is

11. 11RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
Optimize what there is: Share
OFFICE
RETAIL
PARK AND RIDE
RESIDENTIAL
RESIDENTIAL
RESIDENTIAL

12. 12RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
Optimize what there is: Decouple
More Parking?
More housing?
OR

13. 13RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
Optimize what there is: TDM
$200?$200 in “Free” Parking? OR
Credit: Joel Dinda

14. 14RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
Optimize what there is: Make Parking Easy

15. 15RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
Optimize what there is: Multimodal access
• Protected lanes:
• 49% more retail sales
• 58% fewer injuries
• Bicycle corral:
• 12x more spending power
compared to auto space
• Bus Lanes
• 20% increase in bus speeds
• 10% increase in ridership
• 71% increase in retail sales
• Bus stop v. parking space
• Bus - 25 people every 15 minutes
(100 people per hour)
• Parking - 1.2 people/15 minutes
(5/hour)

16. RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
! Identify source of parking
pressure
! Clarify the most important
outcomes (What do people
want most?)
• Strong, diverse retail
• Equal access for all
• Protection for existing
residents
• The ability to stop fishing
16
Know what you (really) want

17. RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
Confirm Issues – On-street Residential
! Residential Permit
Parking Restrictions
• Intended top protect
residents from outside
pressures
• Commonly around transit
and destinations
• “Enhanced” RPP
! Curbside management
• Residents may need
protection from
themselves
• License to fish
• Concern (anger) over
more competition

18. 18
LOCAL
AMENITY
SUPPORT
“Strong, diverse businesses districts,
walkable residential communities”

19. 19RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
Neighborhood Amenity Support
! PRIORITY 1: LOADING + DELIVERIES
Goods delivery challenges hinder many businesses
Tools: Expanded loading zones, metered loading zones, off-peak delivery incentives
! PRIORITY 2: HIGH-CAPACITY ACCESS
Shared use and mass transit passenger vehicles bring more people to businesses.
Tools: Expanded bus zones, additional shared vehicle spaces, district (a.k.a. public) valet
! PRIORITY 3: COMMERCIAL PATRONAGE
Non-local patron access to sustain commercial quality and diversity.
Tools: Performance parking, metering “commercial adjacent” blocks
! PRIORITY 4: RESIDENT-VEHICLE PARKING
Residents need reasonable options for accessible parking.
Tools: Resident-exempt meters, small RPP zones, escalating rate RPP fee structure
19
TRADE-OFFS
― Resident/business conflicts
REPRESENTATIVE CITIES
― San Francisco, CA
― Toronto, ON

20. 20
EQUITABLE
ACCESS
“All residents have the equal and
affordable opportunity for access.”

21. 21RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
Equitable Access
! PRIORITY 1: DISTRICT RESIDENTS AT-LARGE
As residents of the city, all should be able to enjoy
amenities of the city regardless of neighborhood.
Tools: Large or city-wide RPP zones, nominal fee RPP, limited areas designated as RPP
! PRIORITY 2: COMMERCIAL PATRONAGE
Strong businesses are a source of jobs, services and opportunities and many rely on
patrons from throughout the larger region.
Tools: Time limit-based management, nominal parking rates, enforcement
! PRIORITY 3: LOADING + DELIVERIES
Goods delivery is essential to business survival and strength.
Tools: Managed loading zones
! PRIORITY 4: WORKERS + VISITORS
Where space permits, after meeting the needs of District residents, curbside space
should be managed for workers and visitors.
Tools: No-fee visitor permits
21
TRADE-OFFS
― Access without availability isn’t access
― Potential circling and congestion
― Greater uncertainty
REPRESENTATIVE CITIES
― New York City

22. 22
RESIDENT
PRIORITY
“Protect existing residents from both outside
pressure and new parking demand.”

23. 23RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
Resident Priority
! PRIORITY 1: EXISTING/BUILT RESIDENCES
Newer buildings have the option to provide parking
Tools: RPP protection, small RPP zones, RPP–eligibility restrictions
! PRIORITY 2: RESIDENT VISITORS + HOUSEHOLD WORKERS
Visitor parking for built stock only
Tools: Limited eligibility for visitor/worker parking permits
! PRIORITY 3: COMMERCIAL PATRONAGE
Short term commercial patrons parking at retail amenities.
Tools: Performance parking, metered parking confined to commercial streets only
! PRIORITY 4: NEW RESIDENTS/NEW DEVELOPMENT
Under special conditions, new residents or new development projects (such as
adaptive reuse) may be granted use of the public curbside.
23
TRADE-OFFS
― Minimal support to businesses
― Can pit neighbors against
― Creates obstacles to visitors
REPRESENTATIVE CITIES
― Arlington County, VA
― Toronto, ON

24. 24
AVAILABILITY
MANAGEMENT
“Maintain desirable levels of availability for
all users and demands.”

25. 25RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
Availabiltiy Management
! PRIORITY AGNOSTIC
Supply is managed according to demand;
adequate availability for any who may need to use the curbside.
Price is the primary demand-management tool utilized to value the
curbside space.
Tools: Performance parking districts, real time availability tracking and information,
dynamic pricing, metered loading zones, escalating rate RPP, variable rate RPP (by area),
small RPP zones, limited RPP designations, pay-as-y0u-go RPP permits, pay-by-phone
Visitor permits
25
TRADE-OFFS
― High-demand area = high price
― No special privileges
― Apolitical process
REPRESENTATIVE CITIES
― San Francisco, CA
― Seattle, WA

26. RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
Tailored Approach
! Not all neighborhoods are
the same
• Different amenities
• Different priorities and
objectives
• Therefore, use different
approaches
26

27. RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
Manage on- and off-street together
! Agencies must work in concert
! Recognize integrated use
27

28. 28RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
ParkedVehicles
Water Street Garage
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
TOTAL SPACES
Manage On- and Off-Street Together: pricing
! Off -street parking = $2.50/hr
! On-street parking = free (2
hour limit)

29. 29RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
Manage On- and Off-Street Together: Share
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
Actual Demand Unshared Supply
30% unused
capacity

30. RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
Manage On- and Off-Street Together: RPP
! Residents
! Visitors
! Transient users

31. RAIL~VOLUTION 2015
Manage Together: Anticipate Change
! Building (and
financing) projects
that will last 40 years
when technology will
change in in less than
10
31

32. NELSONNYGAARD CONSULTING ASSOCIATES © 2014
Karina Ricks
Principal
kricks@nelsonnygaard.com
@walk_left