2. 2
Dr. Muhammad Rafiq
Assistant Professor
Department of Management Sciences,
Superior University Lahore.
PhD. North China Electric Power University,
Beijing, China
Master: University of Cumbria, England
Email: m.rafiq@superior.edu.pk
m.rafiq@ncepu.edu.cn
12 years’ teaching experience
Two years market experience in retail and
food industry in England
Research Publications, Conferences and
Thesis supervision
6. Research is to Explore the Reality
Research is a Journey from Un-known to Known
Research
7. Business Research
7 of 51
“Business Research is a systematic and
objective process of gathering,
recording and analyzing data for
making good business decisions”
8. Basic Concepts
• Re-Search:
Research is the process of finding solutions to a problem
after a throughout study and analysis of the situation
factors (Uma-Sekaran)
• Business Research:
A systematic and organized efforts to investigate a specific
problem encountered in the work setting, that needs a solution.
9. 9
THEORY DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Theory
All rosebushes have thorns
Deduction Induction
Predicted Observation Actual Observation
If I check my neighbor’s rose bushes,
I should find that they all have thorns
I notice that the five rosebushes
in my backyard all have thorns
1. Induction process
2. Deduction process
10. 10
DEDUCTION AND INDUCTION
1. Theory
3. Data Collection
4. Findings
5. Hypothesis confirmed or
rejected
2. Hypothesis
6. Revision of theory
2. Data Collection
3. Findings
4. Generation of Theory
1. General Research Questions
Deduction
Induction
15. 15
Publishers and Databases
• Emerald Publishing
• Elsevier
• Wiley Online Library
• Taylor and Francis
• Springer
• ScienceDirect
• Google Scholar
• Google
17. 17
Tips to Select the Research Topic
• Recent Call for Papers from Top Journals
• Recent Published Papers
• Systematic Literature Review
• Meta Analysis
• Find the Theoretical Gaps in Literature
• Future Directions of Latest Studies