The document discusses the Group IV elements carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, and lead. Group IV elements have a full s orbital and two electrons in the p orbital. The elements range from the nonmetal carbon to the weakly metallic lead. Carbon and silicon form acidic oxides, while tin and lead form amphoteric oxides. Carbon occurs naturally as diamond and graphite. Silicon is abundant as silica but not as the free element. Germanium is a rare element found in coal products. Tin is obtained commercially from its oxide cassiterite. Lead is extracted from its sulfide ore by roasting and heating with limestone and coal in a blast furnace.

1. GROUP IV
ELEMENTS
Krisnawati Hidayah
(06121010010)
Ina Ayu Nengtyas
(06121010013)
Pujiati (06121010018

2. Group IV elements:
C :Carbon
Si :Silicon
Ge :Germanium
Sn :Tin
Pb :Lead

3. SUMMARY OF GENERAL
CHARACTERISTICS
In this group the outer quantum level has a
full s level and two electrons in the
corresponding p level. As the size of the
atom increases the ionization energy
changes and these changes are reflected
in the gradual change from a typical
nonmetallic element, carbon, to the weakly
metallic element, lead. Hence the oxides of
carbon and silicon are acidic whilst those of
tin and lead are amphoteric.

5. CARBON
 Pure carbon occurs naturally in two
modifications, diamond and graphite. In
both these forms the carbon atoms are
linked by covalent bonds to give giant
molecules

6. Appearances of the Group IV elements at room
temperature and pressure: carbon (graphite)

9. SILICON
 After oxygen, silicon is the most abundant
element in the earth's crust. It occurs
extensively as the oxide, silica, in various
forms, for
example, flint, quartz, sand, and as silicates
in rocks and clays, but not as the free
element, silicon. Silicon is prepared by
reduction of silica, SiO2

10. Appearances of the Group IV elements at room
temperature and pressure: silicon

13. GERMANIUM
GERMANIUM
 Germanium is a greyish-white, brittle solid,
obtained by reducing the dioxide, GeO2,
with hydrogen or carbon at red heat.
 Germanium is a rare element found in
trace quantities in coke obtained from
bituminous coal.

14. Appearances of the Group IV elements at room
temperature and pressure: germanium

16. TIN
 The common ore of tin is tinstone or
cassiterite, SnO2, found in Cornwall and in
Germany and other countries.
 Tin is obtained from the tin dioxide, SnO2,
by reducing it with coal in a reverbatory
furnace:
SnO2 + 2C -> 2COf

17. Appearances of the Group IV elements at room
temperature and pressure: tin

20. Lead
 In the extraction of lead, the sulphide ore is first
roasted together with quartz in a current of air:
2PbS + 3O2 -> 2PbO + 2SO2
 Any lead(II) sulphate formed in this process is
converted to lead(II) silicate by reaction with the
quartz. The oxide produced is then mixed with
limestone and coke and heated in a blast
furnace.
The following reactions occur:
PbO + C -> Pb + CO
PbO + CO -> Pb + CO2
PbSiO3 + CaO + CO -> Pb + CaSiO3 + CO2

21. Appearances of the Group IV elements at room
temperature and pressure: lead

25. Kelompok 6 mohon undur diri
 ^_^ terimakasih atas
perhatiannya