Groups are columns on the periodic table that contain elements with the same number of valence electrons. The document discusses several important groups including hydrogen, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, boron family, carbon family, nitrogen family, oxygen family, halogens, and noble gases. It provides key details about the location of each group on the periodic table and chemical properties common to the elements within each group.

1. Group Properties

2. Remember What a Group is?
Groups are columns on the periodic table.
Elements in a group all have the same number
of valence electrons.

3. Hydrogen
• Hydrogen belongs to a
family of its own.
• Hydrogen is a diatomic,
reactive gas.
• Hydrogen was involved in
the explosion of the
Hindenberg.
• Hydrogen is promising as
an alternative fuel source
for automobiles
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4. Alkali Metals
• 1st column on the periodic
table (Group 1) not including
hydrogen.
• Very reactive metals
• Soft enough to cut with a
butter knife.
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5. Alkaline Earth Metals
• Second column on the
periodic table. (Group 2)
• Reactive metals that are
always combined with
nonmetals in nature.
• Several of these elements
are important mineral
nutrients (such as Mg and
Ca)
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6. Transition Metals
• Elements in groups 312
• Less reactive harder
metals
• Includes metals used
in jewelry and
construction.
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7. Boron Family
• Elements in group 13
• 3 valence electrons
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8. Carbon Family
• Elements in group 14
• Contains elements
important to life and
computers.
• Silicon and Germanium
are important
semiconductors.
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9. Nitrogen Family
• Elements in group 15
• Nitrogen makes up over
¾ of the atmosphere.
• The red stuff on the tip of
matches is phosphorus.
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10. Oxygen Family or Chalcogens
• Elements in group 16
• Many things that stink,
contain sulfur (rotten
eggs, garlic, skunks,etc.)
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11. Halogens
• Elements in group 17
• Very reactive, volatile,
diatomic, nonmetals
• Used as disinfectants
and to strengthen teeth.
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12. The Noble Gases
• Elements in group 18
• VERY unreactive,
monatomic gases
• Used in lighted “neon”
sign
• Have a full valence shell.

13. Periodic Table with GROUP Names

14. Questions
1. Why are the noble gases all inert? Why do they all behave the same way, and
have very similar chemical properties?
2. Draw a Lewis structure for hydrogen. Draw a Lewis structure for oxygen. Think
about the octet rule. How many hydrogen atoms will want to bond with an
oxygen atom? What compound does this form? Draw the Lewis dot structure for
the compound.
3. Do you think a noble gas will react with Oxygen? Would an alkalai metal react
with iodine?
4. You see a neon light break and the glass is everywhere. Should you be afraid of
the neon gas that was inside the light?