This presentation is about Product Quality in Operations Management.

1. PRODUCT QUALITY
By
Tosha Chaniyari L-007
Pramod Kumar L-008
Arpan Garg L-009
Aashee Garg L-010
PRODUCT QUALITY
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2. INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION:
• “The group of features and characteristics of a saleable good which
determine its desirability and which can be controlled by a
manufacturer to meet certain basic requirements defines product
quality”.
• Product quality is the product's ability to fulfil the expectations and
needs set by the end user
DUPLICATE PRODUCT ORIGINAL PRODUCT
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3. CLASSIFICATION
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4. IMPORTANT FACTORS FOR
PRODUCT QUALITY
• THEY INCLUDE :-
oThe type of raw materials used for making a product.
oHow well are various production-technologies
implemented?
oSkill and experience of manpower that is involved in
the production process.
oAvailability of production-related overheads like power
and water supply, transport, etc.
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5. SPECIFICATION AND
CHARACTERISTICS
Specifications and product characteristics include
• Dimensions :- length, diameter, thickness or area
• Physical properties :- weight, volume or strength
• Electrical properties :- resistance, voltage or current
• Appearance :- finish, colour or texture
• Functional qualities :- output or kilometre per litre
• Effects on service :- taste, feel or noise level.
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6. NEED FOR PRODUCT QUALITY
• If a product fulfils the customer’s expectations, the customer will be
pleased and consider that the product is of acceptable or even high
quality.
• Quality needs to be defined, which vary from product to product.
• To ensure product quality, the entire process of producing the product
must be “Established” and “Streamlined”.
This invariably includes:-
• Fixing product specifications.
• Preparing product design.
• Procuring suitable raw materials.
• Preparation for manufacture.
• Manufacturing and post manufacturing.
• End/Final product in the hands of the customer.
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7. NEED FOR PRODUCT QUALITY
(contd)..
• In many instances, however, the correction of quality deficiencies is
also required at the end of the process since in spite of all the efforts
made, the required quality will sometimes not be attained and a
company may be faced with a pile of scrap and rework.
• Corrective and preventative actions have to be taken to avoid
unnecessary wastage and rework.
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8. FOCUS ON PRODUCT QUALITY
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9. PARAMETERS OF PRODUCT QUALITY
Eight Parameters can be used at a strategic level to analyse
product quality characteristics. They are as follows :-
• Performance
• Features
• Reliability
• Conformance
• Durability
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• Serviceability
• Aesthetics
• Perceived Quality
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10. PERFORMANCE
• Performance refers to a product's primary operating
characteristics. This dimension of quality involves measurable
attributes; brands can usually be ranked objectively on
individual aspects of performance.
Bugatti Toyota Prius
0-60 mph – 2.7sec
Acceleration 0-60 mph – 9sec
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11. FEATURES
• Features are additional characteristics that enhance the
appeal of the product or service to the user.
• Secondary aspects of performance.
• Ex :- Cruise control, Leather seats, Smart parking
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12. RELIABILITY
• Reliability is the likelihood that a product will not fail
within a specific time period. This is a key element for
users who need the product to work without fail.
• The likelihood that the product will not fail within a
specific time period.
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• The common measure of reliability is the failure rate per
unit time 12

13. CONFORMANCE
• Conformance is the precision with which the product or
service meets the specified standards.
• To what extent the product design and the operating
characteristics meet the pre-established standards.
• Service businesses measures is of conformance normally
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focus on accuracy and frequent mistakes. 13

14. DURABILITY
• Durability measures the length of a product’s life. When
the product can be repaired, estimating durability is more
complicated. The item will be used until it is no longer
economical to operate it.
• Reliability and Durability are closely linked
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15. SERVICE ABILITY
• Serviceability is the speed with which the product can be
put into service when it breaks down.
• Means the consumer's ease of obtaining repair service
• This includes:
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• Responsiveness of service personnel
• Willingness of repair personnel
• Reliability of service
• Speed 15

16. AESTHETICS
• Aesthetics is the human perception of beauty, including
sight, sound, smell, touch, taste, and movement.
• Aesthetics refers to how the product looks, feels, sounds,
tastes or smells.
• This is a matter of personal judgment.
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17. PERCEIVED QUALITY
• Perceived Quality is the quality attributed to a good or
service based on indirect measures.
• Reputation is the primary stuff of perceived quality
• The perceived quality may be base on images, advertising
and brand names.
• Perception is not always reality.
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18. IMPORTANCE OF PRODUCT
QUALITY
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19. IMPORTANCE OF PRODUCT QUALITY
Importance of product quality can be seen through two sides:
1. For company :
This is because, bad quality products will affect the consumer's
confidence, image and sales of the company. It may even affect the
survival of the company. So, it is very important for every company to
make better quality products.
2. For consumers :
• They are ready to pay high prices, but in return, they expect best-quality
products. If they are not satisfied with the quality of product
of company, they will purchase from the competitors.
• Nowadays, very good quality international products are available in
the local market. So, if the domestic companies don't improve their
product’s quality, they will struggle to survive in the market.
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20. PRODUCT QUALITY ASPECTS
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21. PRODUCT QUALITY TESTING
• Testing is done as an integral part of the manufacturing
process to ensure quality.
• Product testing seeks to ensure that consumers can
understand what products will do for them and which
products are the best value.
• PRODUCT TESTING:
• Income testing- it prevent the entry of those goods that
do not fulfill the quality requirements from entering the
production process
• In-process testing- it provides data for making
decisions on the product as well as the process
• Final testing- it is done only when the manufacturing
process is complete.
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22. PURPOSE OF PRODUCT
TESTING
• Determine if, or verify that, the requirements of a
specification, regulation, or contract are met
• Decide if a new product development program is on track:
Demonstrate proof of concept
• Provide standard data for other scientific, engineering, and
quality assurance functions
• Validate suitability for end-use
• Provide a basis for technical communication
• Provide a technical means of comparison of several options
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23. • Provide evidence in legal proceedings: product liability,
patents, product claims, etc.
• Help solve problems with current product
• Help identify potential cost savings in products
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PURPOSE OF PRODUCT TESTING (Contd..)

24. Example:
• DAIRY PRODUCT:
• Quality control of milk products and packing are carried out by
equipped laboratories in the factory.
• Procedural steps:
• Receive Milk
• Take a sample
• Conduct Physical, chemical, sensory tests of raw milk
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• Milk received in the lab is to identify whether it meets the
necessary standards or not.
• Example of an Ice-cream: it needs to be smooth not grainy so
therefore testing should be done so that the quality of the
product can be maintained.
• Example of a table: it should be smooth not rough from the
top so therefore testing should be done to maintain the
quality of the product. 24

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