- Protected cultivation involves growing crops in a controlled environment for optimal growth conditions. It protects crops from adverse weather.
- Key objectives of protected cultivation include controlling the temperature, light, humidity, carbon dioxide levels, excess moisture/runoff, water loss, weed growth, and leaching of fertilizers to protect from pests and diseases.
- Common technologies for protected cultivation are greenhouses, shade nets, low tunnels, mulching, soil solarization, drip/sprinkler irrigation, and fertigation. This allows for higher productivity, better quality produce, and year-round cultivation.
Protected cultivation, importance &; scope, status in indiaRakesh Pattnaik
Protected cultivation involves controlling the microclimate around plants to optimize growth conditions. It has several benefits like conserving moisture, improving crop quality and yield, and allowing year-round production. In India, protected cultivation began in the late 1990s and has grown to around 30,000 hectares currently, focused on high-value crops. Major producing states are Maharashtra, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, and Northeast states. Globally, over 405,000 hectares use protected cultivation led by China, Japan, and European nations.
Greenhouse cooling is needed to remove excess heat trapped inside the greenhouse by the cover. There are several methods for greenhouse cooling, including ventilation, evaporative cooling, and heat prevention. Ventilation works by replacing warm inside air with cooler outside air through openings. Evaporative cooling uses the evaporation of water to lower air temperature. Heat prevention techniques like shading or radiation filters aim to reduce the solar heat load entering the greenhouse. Composite systems that combine multiple approaches, such as using the earth's constant underground temperature via earth-to-air heat exchangers or aquifer water, can also help cool greenhouse air.
Greenhouses allow for control of the components of a crop's microclimate, including light, temperature, relative humidity, ventilation, and carbon dioxide. Light intensity and wavelength affect photosynthesis rates, with optimal light between 32.3-129.6 klux. Temperature influences enzyme activity, with day temperatures generally 3-8°C higher than nights. Relative humidity is maintained between 50-80% through humidification and dehumidification. Ventilation manages air temperature, carbon dioxide, and humidity. Carbon dioxide is essential for plant growth, with most crops responding well to levels between 1000-1200 ppm in greenhouses.
This document discusses crop management practices for rainfed farming. It begins by defining rainfed areas as those with arid, semi-arid, or sub-humid climates prone to drought. Improved practices for rainfed crops involve selecting short-duration, drought-resistant varieties and maximizing cropping intensity through mixed/intercropping. Key practices include fertilizer use, tillage, forage crops, agroforestry, weed management, and making mid-season corrections if drought occurs. The overall goal is to utilize more of the available rainwater and improve historically low and unstable yields for farmers in rainfed regions.
Plastic materials like polyethylene, acrylic/polyester, polyester, and fiberglass reinforced plastics are common cladding materials for greenhouses. Polyethylene is relatively short-lived but transmits 85-88% of sunlight. Acrylic/polyester combines weatherability and heat resistance but is susceptible to wind damage. Polyester has excellent transmittance and heat resistance but limited widths. Fiberglass reinforced plastics are more impact resistant than glass but proper installation is important. Shade nets made of plastic are also used as cladding to protect crops from weather.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF GREENHOUSE CULTIVATIONpramodrai30
The document discusses the economic analysis of greenhouse tomato cultivation using different cultivation methods. It analyzes the costs and returns of conventional open field cultivation, drip irrigation, and drip irrigation with plastic mulch. The key findings are:
1) Drip irrigation with plastic mulch has the highest net present value (Rs. 536726), benefit-cost ratio (2.5), production (8820 kg), and lowest payback period (8 months) compared to other methods.
2) Drip irrigation performs better than conventional cultivation with higher net return (100.2%), gross return (64.9%), and net present value (100.2%).
3) Conventional cultivation has the lowest
scope &; importance of fruit and plantation crop in india.docxRakesh Pattnaik
This document discusses the scope and importance of fruit and plantation crop industries in India. It notes that India is the second largest fruit producer in the world, producing over 86 million metric tonnes annually. Fruits provide high yields compared to other crops and are an important source of vitamins, minerals, and nutrition. Economically, fruits generate higher profits than other crops and provide raw materials for agro-industries. Plantation crops also offer export potential, employment, crop diversification opportunities, and ecosystem services. The industries will continue growing due to increasing domestic demand, export potential, availability of technology, and government support.
The document discusses planning and design considerations for greenhouses. It covers selecting a site, orientation, interior layout, structural design loads, foundations, frames, cladding materials, roof slope, and how interior components can influence the greenhouse environment. The key factors to consider for greenhouse design are the local climate conditions, structural support needs, optimizing light transmission, and minimizing shading from interior equipment.
Protected cultivation, importance &; scope, status in indiaRakesh Pattnaik
Protected cultivation involves controlling the microclimate around plants to optimize growth conditions. It has several benefits like conserving moisture, improving crop quality and yield, and allowing year-round production. In India, protected cultivation began in the late 1990s and has grown to around 30,000 hectares currently, focused on high-value crops. Major producing states are Maharashtra, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, and Northeast states. Globally, over 405,000 hectares use protected cultivation led by China, Japan, and European nations.
Greenhouse cooling is needed to remove excess heat trapped inside the greenhouse by the cover. There are several methods for greenhouse cooling, including ventilation, evaporative cooling, and heat prevention. Ventilation works by replacing warm inside air with cooler outside air through openings. Evaporative cooling uses the evaporation of water to lower air temperature. Heat prevention techniques like shading or radiation filters aim to reduce the solar heat load entering the greenhouse. Composite systems that combine multiple approaches, such as using the earth's constant underground temperature via earth-to-air heat exchangers or aquifer water, can also help cool greenhouse air.
Greenhouses allow for control of the components of a crop's microclimate, including light, temperature, relative humidity, ventilation, and carbon dioxide. Light intensity and wavelength affect photosynthesis rates, with optimal light between 32.3-129.6 klux. Temperature influences enzyme activity, with day temperatures generally 3-8°C higher than nights. Relative humidity is maintained between 50-80% through humidification and dehumidification. Ventilation manages air temperature, carbon dioxide, and humidity. Carbon dioxide is essential for plant growth, with most crops responding well to levels between 1000-1200 ppm in greenhouses.
This document discusses crop management practices for rainfed farming. It begins by defining rainfed areas as those with arid, semi-arid, or sub-humid climates prone to drought. Improved practices for rainfed crops involve selecting short-duration, drought-resistant varieties and maximizing cropping intensity through mixed/intercropping. Key practices include fertilizer use, tillage, forage crops, agroforestry, weed management, and making mid-season corrections if drought occurs. The overall goal is to utilize more of the available rainwater and improve historically low and unstable yields for farmers in rainfed regions.
Plastic materials like polyethylene, acrylic/polyester, polyester, and fiberglass reinforced plastics are common cladding materials for greenhouses. Polyethylene is relatively short-lived but transmits 85-88% of sunlight. Acrylic/polyester combines weatherability and heat resistance but is susceptible to wind damage. Polyester has excellent transmittance and heat resistance but limited widths. Fiberglass reinforced plastics are more impact resistant than glass but proper installation is important. Shade nets made of plastic are also used as cladding to protect crops from weather.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF GREENHOUSE CULTIVATIONpramodrai30
The document discusses the economic analysis of greenhouse tomato cultivation using different cultivation methods. It analyzes the costs and returns of conventional open field cultivation, drip irrigation, and drip irrigation with plastic mulch. The key findings are:
1) Drip irrigation with plastic mulch has the highest net present value (Rs. 536726), benefit-cost ratio (2.5), production (8820 kg), and lowest payback period (8 months) compared to other methods.
2) Drip irrigation performs better than conventional cultivation with higher net return (100.2%), gross return (64.9%), and net present value (100.2%).
3) Conventional cultivation has the lowest
scope &; importance of fruit and plantation crop in india.docxRakesh Pattnaik
This document discusses the scope and importance of fruit and plantation crop industries in India. It notes that India is the second largest fruit producer in the world, producing over 86 million metric tonnes annually. Fruits provide high yields compared to other crops and are an important source of vitamins, minerals, and nutrition. Economically, fruits generate higher profits than other crops and provide raw materials for agro-industries. Plantation crops also offer export potential, employment, crop diversification opportunities, and ecosystem services. The industries will continue growing due to increasing domestic demand, export potential, availability of technology, and government support.
The document discusses planning and design considerations for greenhouses. It covers selecting a site, orientation, interior layout, structural design loads, foundations, frames, cladding materials, roof slope, and how interior components can influence the greenhouse environment. The key factors to consider for greenhouse design are the local climate conditions, structural support needs, optimizing light transmission, and minimizing shading from interior equipment.
1) The document discusses rainfed agriculture in India, which occupies 67% of cultivated land but produces 44% of food grains. It defines dry farming, dryland farming and rainfed farming based on annual rainfall.
2) It provides a brief history of developments in rainfed agriculture in India starting from the 1920s, including establishment of research stations and institutions.
3) The document outlines several problems faced in rainfed agriculture like inadequate and uneven rainfall distribution, long gaps between rainfall, early/late monsoon onset, early cessation of rains, and prolonged dry spells. It provides solutions to address each problem.
I am Sambhav Jain From Dayalbagh Educational INstitute, Agra doing Bsc.[Hons.] Agriculture.I have described here about the irrigation systems in greenhouse to be used by us.
Importance of Dry Land Agriculture Management in India.Arunesh Kumar
This document discusses dry land agriculture in India. It defines dry land agriculture as farming in areas receiving less than 750mm of rainfall annually, and notes that 60% of India's cultivated land falls under dry land agriculture. The document outlines the types of dry land farming based on rainfall amounts, characteristics of dry farming in India, importance of dry land agriculture for food production and rural livelihoods, challenges faced, and approaches to management including engineering, physiological and genetic methods. Effective management of dry land agriculture is critical for India's food security and reducing land degradation, according to the conclusion.
this power point presentation contains about grain quality deterioration from insects, pests, microorganisms, rodents and birds, and their control measures and physiological, chemical changes during storage, moisture migration during storage etc., It contains the principal of fumigation and different types of fumigants and their applications
The document discusses planning and design considerations for greenhouses. It covers site selection factors like solar exposure, drainage, wind protection and orientation. Greenhouse structural designs can be straight-sided walls with arched or gabled roofs, or hoop-style frames. Designs must withstand wind and snow loads. Covering materials are selected based on light transmission, durability, thermal properties and service life. The ideal covering transmits visible light, absorbs UV rays, reflects infrared to prevent overheating, is low-cost, and lasts 10-20 years.
This document provides information on protected cultivation using greenhouses. It discusses the benefits of protected cultivation including higher yields, year-round production, better quality, and protection from weather. Greenhouses allow full or partial control of the microclimate around plants. Vegetables and flowers are well-suited for greenhouses. The types of greenhouses described are attached (lean-to, even-span, window-mounted) and freestanding structures. Requirements for greenhouse covering materials and fertigation systems are also outlined. India has an area of 25,000 hectares under protected cultivation currently, compared to other leading countries. The costs for establishing one acre of greenhouse with irrigation and climate control systems to grow cucumbers are
This document provides an introduction to the course titled "Rainfed Agriculture and Watershed Management". It discusses key topics that will be covered in the course including the introduction and history of rainfed agriculture, problems of dryland farming, soil and climatic conditions of rainfed areas, soil and water conservation techniques, drought classification and impacts, crop adaptation to drought, water harvesting methods, and watershed management concepts. The document outlines the course credits, topics, teaching schedule, and suggested readings to provide an overview of the content that will be covered.
A brief study on Integrated Nutrient Management (INM). This presentation has created by me after studying many articles and research papers regarding INM. Suggestions are kindly invited.
this slide includes recent approaches to evaluate cropping system.
It includes system profitability,relative production efficiency,land use efficienct(LUE),Calculation of LUE,energy efficiency,specific energy,Rotational intensity,Cropping intensity,Multiple cropping index(MCI),Land equivalent ratio (LER),Relative yields total (RYT),Crop equivalent yields (CEY),Relative Spread Index
This document discusses greenhouse drying techniques for preserving agricultural produce. It begins by explaining that drying is one of the oldest food preservation methods by removing moisture from foods to prevent spoilage. It then covers various drying methods like open sun drying, greenhouse drying, passive and active solar drying, direct and indirect solar drying, and mixed-mode drying. It also discusses factors that affect the drying process and advantages and disadvantages of different techniques. Finally, it proposes a low-cost multipurpose greenhouse that can be used for both crop cultivation and drying of produce during different seasons for improved utilization and farmer livelihoods.
This document discusses various irrigation systems used in greenhouses. It begins by defining crop water needs and evapotranspiration. It then describes different types of irrigation systems including overhead systems like sprinklers and booms, surface systems like drip and perimeter watering, and subsurface systems like ebb and flow, capillary mats, and floor flooding. Key components of drip irrigation systems like pumps, filters, fertigation equipment, and piping networks are also explained. The advantages of drip irrigation systems for greenhouse crops are highlighted.
GIS and Remote Sensing in Diagnosis and Management of Problem Soil with audio...KaminiKumari13
GIS and Remote Sensing in Diagnosis and Management of Problem Soil for agriculture, soil science, agronomy, forestry, land management and planning with audio by Dr. Kamini Roy
This document discusses various in-situ soil moisture conservation techniques. It introduces the topic and explains that these techniques are recommended in addition to large-scale watershed management structures to increase moisture availability for crops. The techniques aim to increase infiltration and temporarily store water at the soil surface. The document then describes several specific techniques in detail, including deep tillage, mulching, basin listing, broad-based beds and furrows, ridges and furrows, and compartmental bunding. It explains the principles and benefits of each technique for conserving soil moisture.
Pulses are a very important source of protein in Indian diets as majority of population is vegetarian. however, the production of pulses is not keeping pace with the growing population in the country. lentil is one of the important Rabi pulses. it is one of the oldest pulse crops and the most nutritious of the pulses. it is also used as a cover crop to check the soil erosion in problem areas. lentil contributes about 6% in total pulses area as well as production of India. It is mostly eaten as "DAL". the pulse is first converted into split pulse or 'dal' by the removal of skin and the separation of the fleshy cotyledons. It is cooked easily and hence preferred. It is good for patients too. Lentil contains about 11% water, 25% protein and 60% carbohydrates. It is also rich in calcium, iron and niacin
The document discusses protected cultivation techniques such as greenhouses. Greenhouses protect plants from adverse weather conditions by controlling the growing environment. They transmit sunlight inside and trap heat, maintaining optimum temperatures for plant growth. Different types of greenhouses exist depending on factors like location, climate, and intended crops. Protected cultivation allows year-round production of high quality crops with less water and labor compared to outdoor cultivation.
An agro-meteorological observatory is an area where weather instruments are installed to collect data representative of the surrounding crop-soil-climate conditions. Key requirements include essential instruments like thermometers and rain gauges, as well as a site that is representative and accessible, but away from tall structures, water logging, and extreme topography. The recommended layout is a fenced area measuring 55m by 36m with the longer side running south to north, and tall instruments installed on the northern side to avoid shade effects.
The document describes the design of an active summer cooling system for greenhouses, including calculating the required air removal rate based on factors like elevation, light intensity, and temperature rise, and selecting appropriate fans, pads, pumps, and sumps based on the calculated rate. An example design problem is provided and step-by-step calculations are shown for determining the fans, pads, pump size, and sump volume needed for a greenhouse with given dimensions and conditions.
This document discusses secondary agriculture and value addition to primary agricultural products. It defines secondary agriculture as activities that add value to primary agricultural production through input-centric activities like nurseries, vermicompost and biofertilizer production, and harvest/post-harvest centric activities like fresh produce management and processing of food. It provides examples of enterprises that use agricultural residues and waste. The document then discusses various topics related to secondary agriculture and value addition including food processing technologies, packaging, and management of fresh and cut produce.
Importance of Farm to Health Value Chainpramodrai30
This document discusses the importance of developing a farm to health value chain that focuses on quality and safety aspects of food from production through consumption. It outlines key aspects of pre-harvest management like genetic material selection and environmental management that can enhance quality. Post-harvest management of fresh and processed foods includes sorting, packaging, storage and non-thermal processing techniques. Developing successful farm to fork value chains requires addressing challenges like securing consistent raw materials and developing infrastructure while meeting market demands for quality, safety and health benefits.
1) The document discusses rainfed agriculture in India, which occupies 67% of cultivated land but produces 44% of food grains. It defines dry farming, dryland farming and rainfed farming based on annual rainfall.
2) It provides a brief history of developments in rainfed agriculture in India starting from the 1920s, including establishment of research stations and institutions.
3) The document outlines several problems faced in rainfed agriculture like inadequate and uneven rainfall distribution, long gaps between rainfall, early/late monsoon onset, early cessation of rains, and prolonged dry spells. It provides solutions to address each problem.
I am Sambhav Jain From Dayalbagh Educational INstitute, Agra doing Bsc.[Hons.] Agriculture.I have described here about the irrigation systems in greenhouse to be used by us.
Importance of Dry Land Agriculture Management in India.Arunesh Kumar
This document discusses dry land agriculture in India. It defines dry land agriculture as farming in areas receiving less than 750mm of rainfall annually, and notes that 60% of India's cultivated land falls under dry land agriculture. The document outlines the types of dry land farming based on rainfall amounts, characteristics of dry farming in India, importance of dry land agriculture for food production and rural livelihoods, challenges faced, and approaches to management including engineering, physiological and genetic methods. Effective management of dry land agriculture is critical for India's food security and reducing land degradation, according to the conclusion.
this power point presentation contains about grain quality deterioration from insects, pests, microorganisms, rodents and birds, and their control measures and physiological, chemical changes during storage, moisture migration during storage etc., It contains the principal of fumigation and different types of fumigants and their applications
The document discusses planning and design considerations for greenhouses. It covers site selection factors like solar exposure, drainage, wind protection and orientation. Greenhouse structural designs can be straight-sided walls with arched or gabled roofs, or hoop-style frames. Designs must withstand wind and snow loads. Covering materials are selected based on light transmission, durability, thermal properties and service life. The ideal covering transmits visible light, absorbs UV rays, reflects infrared to prevent overheating, is low-cost, and lasts 10-20 years.
This document provides information on protected cultivation using greenhouses. It discusses the benefits of protected cultivation including higher yields, year-round production, better quality, and protection from weather. Greenhouses allow full or partial control of the microclimate around plants. Vegetables and flowers are well-suited for greenhouses. The types of greenhouses described are attached (lean-to, even-span, window-mounted) and freestanding structures. Requirements for greenhouse covering materials and fertigation systems are also outlined. India has an area of 25,000 hectares under protected cultivation currently, compared to other leading countries. The costs for establishing one acre of greenhouse with irrigation and climate control systems to grow cucumbers are
This document provides an introduction to the course titled "Rainfed Agriculture and Watershed Management". It discusses key topics that will be covered in the course including the introduction and history of rainfed agriculture, problems of dryland farming, soil and climatic conditions of rainfed areas, soil and water conservation techniques, drought classification and impacts, crop adaptation to drought, water harvesting methods, and watershed management concepts. The document outlines the course credits, topics, teaching schedule, and suggested readings to provide an overview of the content that will be covered.
A brief study on Integrated Nutrient Management (INM). This presentation has created by me after studying many articles and research papers regarding INM. Suggestions are kindly invited.
this slide includes recent approaches to evaluate cropping system.
It includes system profitability,relative production efficiency,land use efficienct(LUE),Calculation of LUE,energy efficiency,specific energy,Rotational intensity,Cropping intensity,Multiple cropping index(MCI),Land equivalent ratio (LER),Relative yields total (RYT),Crop equivalent yields (CEY),Relative Spread Index
This document discusses greenhouse drying techniques for preserving agricultural produce. It begins by explaining that drying is one of the oldest food preservation methods by removing moisture from foods to prevent spoilage. It then covers various drying methods like open sun drying, greenhouse drying, passive and active solar drying, direct and indirect solar drying, and mixed-mode drying. It also discusses factors that affect the drying process and advantages and disadvantages of different techniques. Finally, it proposes a low-cost multipurpose greenhouse that can be used for both crop cultivation and drying of produce during different seasons for improved utilization and farmer livelihoods.
This document discusses various irrigation systems used in greenhouses. It begins by defining crop water needs and evapotranspiration. It then describes different types of irrigation systems including overhead systems like sprinklers and booms, surface systems like drip and perimeter watering, and subsurface systems like ebb and flow, capillary mats, and floor flooding. Key components of drip irrigation systems like pumps, filters, fertigation equipment, and piping networks are also explained. The advantages of drip irrigation systems for greenhouse crops are highlighted.
GIS and Remote Sensing in Diagnosis and Management of Problem Soil with audio...KaminiKumari13
GIS and Remote Sensing in Diagnosis and Management of Problem Soil for agriculture, soil science, agronomy, forestry, land management and planning with audio by Dr. Kamini Roy
This document discusses various in-situ soil moisture conservation techniques. It introduces the topic and explains that these techniques are recommended in addition to large-scale watershed management structures to increase moisture availability for crops. The techniques aim to increase infiltration and temporarily store water at the soil surface. The document then describes several specific techniques in detail, including deep tillage, mulching, basin listing, broad-based beds and furrows, ridges and furrows, and compartmental bunding. It explains the principles and benefits of each technique for conserving soil moisture.
Pulses are a very important source of protein in Indian diets as majority of population is vegetarian. however, the production of pulses is not keeping pace with the growing population in the country. lentil is one of the important Rabi pulses. it is one of the oldest pulse crops and the most nutritious of the pulses. it is also used as a cover crop to check the soil erosion in problem areas. lentil contributes about 6% in total pulses area as well as production of India. It is mostly eaten as "DAL". the pulse is first converted into split pulse or 'dal' by the removal of skin and the separation of the fleshy cotyledons. It is cooked easily and hence preferred. It is good for patients too. Lentil contains about 11% water, 25% protein and 60% carbohydrates. It is also rich in calcium, iron and niacin
The document discusses protected cultivation techniques such as greenhouses. Greenhouses protect plants from adverse weather conditions by controlling the growing environment. They transmit sunlight inside and trap heat, maintaining optimum temperatures for plant growth. Different types of greenhouses exist depending on factors like location, climate, and intended crops. Protected cultivation allows year-round production of high quality crops with less water and labor compared to outdoor cultivation.
An agro-meteorological observatory is an area where weather instruments are installed to collect data representative of the surrounding crop-soil-climate conditions. Key requirements include essential instruments like thermometers and rain gauges, as well as a site that is representative and accessible, but away from tall structures, water logging, and extreme topography. The recommended layout is a fenced area measuring 55m by 36m with the longer side running south to north, and tall instruments installed on the northern side to avoid shade effects.
The document describes the design of an active summer cooling system for greenhouses, including calculating the required air removal rate based on factors like elevation, light intensity, and temperature rise, and selecting appropriate fans, pads, pumps, and sumps based on the calculated rate. An example design problem is provided and step-by-step calculations are shown for determining the fans, pads, pump size, and sump volume needed for a greenhouse with given dimensions and conditions.
This document discusses secondary agriculture and value addition to primary agricultural products. It defines secondary agriculture as activities that add value to primary agricultural production through input-centric activities like nurseries, vermicompost and biofertilizer production, and harvest/post-harvest centric activities like fresh produce management and processing of food. It provides examples of enterprises that use agricultural residues and waste. The document then discusses various topics related to secondary agriculture and value addition including food processing technologies, packaging, and management of fresh and cut produce.
Importance of Farm to Health Value Chainpramodrai30
This document discusses the importance of developing a farm to health value chain that focuses on quality and safety aspects of food from production through consumption. It outlines key aspects of pre-harvest management like genetic material selection and environmental management that can enhance quality. Post-harvest management of fresh and processed foods includes sorting, packaging, storage and non-thermal processing techniques. Developing successful farm to fork value chains requires addressing challenges like securing consistent raw materials and developing infrastructure while meeting market demands for quality, safety and health benefits.
Implementation of Protected Cultivation Technologies pramodrai30
This presentation discusses various low-cost protected cultivation technologies for farmers. It begins with an introduction to protected cultivation and its benefits over traditional open-field cultivation. It then describes several low-cost structures in detail, including low-cost natural ventilated greenhouses, multipurpose greenhouses, shade net structures, and detachable roof greenhouses. For each structure, it provides dimensions, materials used, environmental controls possible, suitable crops and seasons. It concludes that these low-cost protected structures allow year-round cultivation and higher yields compared to traditional practices.
Role of protected cultivation in fruit cropsPraveen Mishra
This document discusses the role of protected cultivation in fruit crops. It defines protected cultivation as intensive agricultural systems that use structures like greenhouses, tunnels, shade nets, and mulches to control the environment and minimize pesticide use. These structures allow year-round production, higher yields, better quality, and less impact from weather events. The document provides examples of different protected cultivation technologies and their benefits for various fruit crops like strawberries, bananas, cherries, peaches, and blueberries. It summarizes research showing increased yields, reduced pest problems, and improved quality and harvest times with protected cultivation systems.
This document proposes an intelligent control system for an aeroponics-based greenhouse. It consists of a data collection/monitoring system using sensors, a control system, a centralized server, and a multiplatform web-based application. A Raspberry Pi development board is used to prototype a low-cost system. The system allows for both local and remote controlling and monitoring of the greenhouse. It aims to optimize various factors like control, quality, automation through precise environmental monitoring and regulation. Traditional farming has issues like dependency on external conditions and inefficient water and pesticide use. Greenhouse agriculture and controlled environment farming techniques address some issues but precision control remains a challenge. The proposed system integrates various automation components to precisely manage resources and growth conditions
Aeroponic Based Controlled Environment Based Farming Systemiosrjce
Controlled Environment Farming is one of the emerging technologies in the farming and agriculture
industries nowadays. Aeroponics is an optimized process developed for growing crops and plants in an air
medium without the use of soil or an aggregate medium by spraying the plant’s roots with an atomized or
sprayed, nutrient-rich water solution. Various automated farming system has been developed using sensor
networks and control systems to improve agricultural produc-tivity. Traditional farming techniques are complex
and strictly influenced by soil conditions, climate, weather, crop types, and so on. Authors have proposed a
system in which an environment monitoring, quality evaluation and crop growth, data recording, and online
data submitting and multiplatform compatibility were integrated. The control system based on agricultural
information measured by field monitoring sensors is a proved effective method to improve quality of
agricultural product in a greenhouse.
In this study, we proposed an intelligent control system for an aeroponics-based greenhouse, which
consists of data collec-tion/monitoring system, control system, centralized sever, and multiplatform web-based
controlling/monitoring application for agricultural facilities. The prototype system for establishing a low-cost
aeroponics-based greenhouse control system can be designed based on an open-source development board
called Raspberry Pi. The system can be used both locally and over the Internet, which has a large set of
controlling and monitoring function for the greenhouse. The system is proposed to achieve maximum
optimization, control, quality, automation, etc. in an aeroponics-based greenhouse.
An efficient irrigation system for plasticulture of strawberry in bangladeshAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that developed an efficient and low-cost irrigation system for strawberry cultivation using plasticulture techniques in Bangladesh. The researchers tested a micro-drip irrigation system compared to conventional irrigation. Statistical analysis showed the plasticulture system with micro-drip irrigation significantly improved plant growth parameters and reduced production costs compared to conventional techniques, making it a viable option for rural farmers in Bangladesh.
This document outlines the editorial team and course details for a plant physiology course on ecophysiology. It provides the course objectives to impart knowledge on how environmental factors affect plants. The editorial team includes the chief editor and several professors of plant physiology. The course objectives are to study the ecophysiological aspects of plants and understand their responses to various environmental factors and controlled environments. It will consist of both theory and practical sessions.
Human: Thank you for the summary. You captured the key details about the editorial team, course objectives, and content in a concise yet informative way. Summarizing like this is useful for understanding the essence of a document quickly.
This document discusses high-tech agriculture, which uses technology like hydroponics, aeroponics, and tissue culture to grow crops. It allows for year-round production of high-quality outputs in controlled environments with minimal land and water usage. Key inputs include capital for infrastructure, computers for automation, and research and development. The document outlines advantages like increased yields, disease resistance, and environmental benefits, as well as disadvantages like high costs and labor needs. Post-harvest processing is also discussed as a way to add value and avoid losses from perishable crops.
This document summarizes a study on controlling post-harvest bacterial diseases of tomatoes in Abia State, Nigeria. The study assessed the effects of pre-heat treatments and plant extracts on bacterial soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora and fruit spot caused by Xanthomonas vesicatoria. Subjecting tomato fruits to 50°C for 10 minutes provided the longest shelf life and was most effective at controlling the diseases. Plant extracts from neem, bitter kola, ginger, black pepper, and nutmeg were also effective at inhibiting bacterial growth in vitro compared to untreated controls. Cold water extracts of neem, ginger, and black pepper inhibited bacterial growth the most.
A brief discussion on Precision agriculture, its components and constraints in its adaptation. It also covers the various protected structure and the way forward in this new avenue of protected cultvation.
Organic horticulture focuses on ecological production principles defined by the National Organic Program. It promotes biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil health through minimal off-farm inputs and management practices that enhance ecological harmony. Key aspects of organic production include crop rotation, cover crops, compost and other organic fertilizers to build healthy soil and suppress weeds and pests. Diseases, insects and weeds are managed through cultural practices like sanitation and conservation of natural enemies rather than synthetic chemicals. Regular observation and a whole-systems approach are required to maintain a balanced, soil-based organic system.
Unit 6. Fertilisation in Ecological Vegetable GardeningKarel Van Isacker
This document provides information on fertilization techniques for ecological vegetable gardening. It discusses the basic nutrient requirements of vegetables and the factors that affect vegetable growth. It explains that the main goals of fertilization are to supply nutrients to plants for optimal and healthy growth. It then describes various organic fertilizers that are permitted for use in ecological farming, including plant-based fertilizers like compost and alfalfa meal, animal-based fertilizers like manure and bone meal, mineral-based fertilizers like rock phosphate, and urban and commercial organic fertilizers. Integrated planning of fertilization is recommended to supply nutrients in a way that considers both plant needs and environmental sustainability.
The Dnipropetrovsk State Agrarian and Economic University has been operating since 1922 with a mission to prepare specialists in food production and rural development management. It has 7 faculties and 6 colleges offering bachelor's, master's, and PhD programs in fields like agronomy, ecology, veterinary medicine, biotechnology, engineering and economics. The university focuses on education, research, and partnerships with businesses. It conducts agricultural research through several laboratories and centers, and collaborates on projects in food safety and quality, plant growing, and sustainable rural development.
The Dnipropetrovsk State Agrarian and Economic University has been operating since 1922 with a mission to prepare specialists in food production and rural development management. It has 7 faculties and 6 colleges offering bachelor's, master's, and PhD programs in fields like agronomy, ecology, veterinary medicine, biotechnology, engineering and economics. The university focuses on education, research, and partnerships with businesses. It conducts agricultural research through several laboratories and centers, and collaborates on projects in food safety and quality, plant growing, and sustainable rural development.
This document provides information about a PhD research project aiming to improve cold tolerance in tomato plants through genetic transformation. The project will first optimize tomato tissue culture and regeneration protocols. Then the DREB1A gene, which regulates genes related to cold stress, will be inserted into tomato plants using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transformed plants will be evaluated for cold tolerance by measuring physiological parameters like membrane leakage, proline and sugar accumulation, and chlorophyll concentration. The goal is to develop cold tolerant tomato varieties using genetic engineering techniques.
This document provides information about a PhD research project aiming to improve tomato plants' tolerance to cold stress through genetic transformation. The project will standardize tomato tissue culture protocols, incorporate the DREB1A cold tolerance gene into tomato varieties using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and evaluate transgenic lines for cold tolerance by measuring physiological parameters like membrane leakage, proline and sugar accumulation, and chlorophyll concentration. The research will be conducted at the National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology in Islamabad, Pakistan.
The document discusses hi-tech horticulture, which uses modern, capital-intensive but less environment-dependent techniques to improve productivity and farmers' incomes. It involves precision production, efficient input use, and maximizing land and water resources. Hi-tech horticulture strategies include crop improvement, protected cultivation, mechanization, computerization, post-harvest management, and more. Specific practices covered are integrated pest management, micro-irrigation, plasticulture, greenhouse cultivation, and micropropagation. The goal is to sustain agricultural productivity and stability in the face of climate change.
Similar to Protected Cultivation and Secondary Agriculture (Introduction) (20)
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
Protected Cultivation and Secondary Agriculture (Introduction)
1. BIRSA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
Protected Cultivation and Secondary
Agriculture
LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION
BY
DR. PRAMOD RAI
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
2. Protected Cultivation
Protected cultivation is a process of growing
crops in a controlled environment.
or
Protected cultivation is the technique of
providing favorable environmental or growth
conditions to the plants.
or
A technique wherein the microclimate around
the plant is controlled fully, partially or
modified to protect the crop from adverse
weather.
3. Objectives of Protected Cultivation
Fully controlled/partially/modified microclimate
around the plant
Temperature: Air & soil temperature (minimum &
maximum)
Light: Intensity, quality & duration
Relative humidity
Carbon dioxide
Excess moisture, runoff & percolation loss
Water loss & weed growth
Leaching of fertilizer
Insect & pest
4. Technologies for Protected Cultivation
Greenhouse
Other protected structure: Shade net structure,
Insect net proof structure
Plastic low tunnel
Mulching especially plastic mulching
Soil solarization
Drip & sprinkler irrigation
Fertigation
Plastic Pro-tray
5. Advantages of Protected Cultivation
Higher productivity
Better quality of produce
Early & off season cultivation
Round the year healthy nursery raising &
hardening plant
Better insect & disease control
Reduced uses of pesticides
Reduced uses of weedicide
Efficient uses of resources (Water/fertilizer)
6. Limitations of Protected Cultivation
High cost of initial infrastructure (capital cost).
Non-availability of skilled human power and their
replacement locally.
Lack of technical knowledge of growing crops under
protected structures.
All the operations are very intensive and require
constant effort.
Requires close supervision and monitoring.
A few pests and soil-borne pathogens are difficult to
manage.
Repair and maintenance are major hurdles.
Requires assured marketing, since the investment of
resources like time, effort and finances, is expected to
be very high.
7. Secondary Agriculture
Value addition to primary agriculture
production systems
Alternative enterprises
Enterprises that use crop residues and wastes of
primary agriculture
8. Value addition to Primary Agriculture Production
Systems
Inputs – Centric
Nursery for horticulture crops/flowers etc.
Vermicompost, Bio-fertilisers production, Bio-
pesticides, Water, Soil Testing / Analysis, Animal feed
/ fodder production
Harvest / Post Harvest - Centric
Pre-conditioning produce for markets: Fruits,
vegetables, flowers, spices, etc. Assaying, packaging,
pre-cooling and dispatch hubs
Micro and Small Enterprises that can process the
primary agriculture produce: garlic extracts/paste,
turmeric powder, pickles, jams, etc.
9. Alternative Enterprises
Enterprises that can generate income without
competing for the resources (land and manpower)
employed in primary agriculture
Mushroom Production
Bee Keeping
Hydroponics
Mahua Products
Lac Cultivation
Bamboo Products
Many more
10. Enterprises that use crop residues and wastes of
Primary Agriculture
Dung logs, bio-gas, leather extracts, etc.
Fibre Boards etc., from rice straw
Urea enriched fodder block from rice straws
Banana fibre extraction & products
Cutlery plates from wheat husk, arecanut leaves, Siali
leaves, etc.
11. Fresh produce supply chain management (farm to
fork/ farm to plate/farm to health)
Pre harvest management
Genetic material (seed/ planting material)
Agronomical management
Environment management
Post harvest management of fresh produce
Pre cooling
Sanitizing
Grading/ sorting
Packaging
Storage
retailing
12. Process food supply chain management (farm to
fork/ farm to plate/farm to health)
Pre harvest management
Genetic material (seed/ planting material)
Agronomical management
Environment management
Process food development
Selection of right food product
Selection of right raw materials
Selection of product technology
Selection of machinery
Product development
Marketing
13. Successful examples supply chain (fresh/process food)
Fresh Produce
The Global Green Company (gherkins)
INI Farms (Pomgranate)
Mahindra Greenyard (fresh fruits & vegetables)
Process Food
Pespsico India (Lays chips etc.)
Hindustan Unilever Limited (kissan Katchups)
ITC Limited (Aashirvaad atta)
Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd.
(Amul)
14. Missing link
Pre harvest Post Harvest (fresh produce/process food)
Soil Science & Agricultural
Chemistry
Agricultural Engineering (Processing and
Food Engineering Farm Machinery and
Power Engineering, Renewable Energy
Engineering)
Agronomy Horticulture (Post Harvest Engineering)
Plant Breeding & Genetics Food Technology (product development,
Chemistry, Microbiology etc.)
Horticulture (Fruit, vegetable &
floor)
Animal husbandry (Diary, Fishery, meat
product etc.)
Plant Pathology Forestry (NTFP)
Entomology Home Science (Nutrition)
Plant Physiology Mechanical Engineer
Agriculture Physics Chemical Engineer
Agricultural Engineering (Soil and
Water Conservaton Engineering,
Irrigation and Drainage
Engineering, Farm Machinery and
Power Engineering, Renewable
Energy Engineering)
Electrical & electronics Engineer
15. Protected Cultivation and Secondary Agriculture (Theory classes)
S.N. Contents Class Professor
1. Green house technology: Introduction 1 Dr. Pramod
Rai
2. Types of Green Houses 1
3. Plant response to Green house environment 1
4. Planning and design of greenhouses 1
5. Design criteria of green house for cooling and heating purposes 1
6. Green house equipments, materials of construction for traditional
and low cost green houses
1
7. Irrigation systems used in greenhouses 1
8. Typical applications, passive solar green house, hot air green house
heating systems, green house drying.
1
9. Cost estimation and economic analysis 1
10. Important Engineering properties such as physical, thermal of
cereals, pulses and oilseed,
2 Dr. Md. I. A.
Ansari
11. Aero & hydrodynamic properties of cereals, pulses and oilseed, 1
12. Their application in PHT equipment design and operation. 1
13. Drying and dehydration; moisture measurement, EMC 1 Dr. Chhaya
14. Drying theory, various drying method, commercial grain dryer
(deep bed dryer)
1
15. Flat bed dryer, tray dryer, fluidized bed dryer, recirculatory dryer
and solar dryer
1
16. Material handling equipment; conveyer and elevators, their
principle, working and selection.
2
Total theory classes 18
16. Practical classes
S.N. Contents Class Professor
1. Study of different type of green houses based on
shape
3 Dr.
Pramod
Rai
2. Determine the rate of air exchange in an active
summer winter cooling system
2
3. Study of green house equipments 2
4. Determination of drying rate of agricultural
products inside green house
2
5. Determination of engineering properties (shape
and size, bulk density and porosity of
biomaterials)
2 Dr. Md.
I. A.
Ansari
6. Determination of Moisture content of various
grains by moisture meter
2
7. Visit to various Post Harvest Laboratories 2 Dr.
Chhaya
8. Determination of Moisture content of various
grains by oven drying & infrared moisture
methods
2
9. Field visit to seed processing plant 1
Total practical classes 18
17. Protected Cultivation[B.Sc. (Hons) Agriculture, elective: 2+1]
Protected cultivation- importance and scope
Status of protected cultivation in India and World types of protected
structure based on site and climate.
Cladding material involved in greenhouse/ poly house.
Greenhouse design, environment control, artificial lights,
Automation.
Soil preparation and management, Substrate management.
Types of benches and containers.
Irrigation and fertigation management.
Propagation and production of quality planting material of
horticultural crops.
Greenhouse cultivation of important horticultural crops – rose,
carnation, chrysanthemum, gerbera, orchid, anthurium, lilium, tulip,
tomato, bell pepper, cucumber, strawberry, pot plants, etc.
Cultivation of economically important medicinal and aromatic plants.
Off-season production of flowers and vegetables.
Insect pest and disease management.
18. Hi-tech. Horticulture[B.Sc. (Hons) Agriculture, elective: 2+1]
Introduction & importance
Nursery management and mechanization
Micro propagation of Horticultural crops
Modern field preparation and planting methods
Protected cultivation: advantages, controlled conditions, method and
techniques
Micro irrigation systems and its components
EC, pH based fertilizer scheduling
Canopy management
High density orcharding
Components of precision farming: Remote sensing, Geographical
Information System (GIS), Differential Geo-positioning System
(DGPS), Variable Rate applicator (VRA)
Application of precision farming in horticultural crops (fruits,
vegetables and ornamental crops)
Mechanized harvesting of produce
19. Precision Farming & Protected Cultivation [B.Sc.
(Hons) Horticulture, regular: 2+1]
Precision farming – laser leveling, mechanized direct seed sowing
Seedling and sapling transplanting, mapping of soils and plant attributes, site
specific input application, weed management
Insect pests and disease management, yield mapping in horticultural crops
Green house technology, Introduction, Types of Green Houses; Plant
response to Greenhouse environment
Planning and design of greenhouses, Design criteria of greenhouse for
cooling and heating purposes
Green house equipment, materials of construction for traditional and low cost
green houses
Irrigation systems used in greenhouses, Typical applications, passive solar
green house, hot air greenhouse heating systems, green house drying
Cost estimation and economic analysis
Choice of crops for cultivation under greenhouses, problems / constraints of
greenhouse cultivation and future strategies
Growing media, soil culture, type of soil required, drainage, flooding and
leaching, soil pasteurization in peat moss and mixtures, rock wool and other
inert media
Nutrient film technique (NFT) / hydroponics
20. Plastic Applications in Agriculture [B.Tech (Agril.
Engg.),elective: 2+1]
Introduction of plasticulture - types and quality of plastics used in soil and water
conservation, production agriculture and post harvest management. Quality control
measures. Present status and future prospective of plasticulture in India.
Water management - use of plastics in in-situ moisture conservation and rain water
harvesting. Plastic film lining in canal, pond and reservoir. Plastic pipes for irrigation
water management, bore-well casing and subsurface drainage.
Drip and sprinkler irrigation systems. Use of polymers in control of percolation losses
in fields.
Soil conditioning - soil solarisation, effects of different colour plastic mulching in
surface covered ultivation.
Nursery management - Use of plastics in nursery raising, nursery bags, trays etc.
Controlled environmental cultivation - plastics as cladding material, green / poly /
shade net houses, wind breaks, poly tunnels and crop covers. Plastic nets for crop
protection - anti insect nets, bird protection nets. Plastic fencing.
Plastics in drying, preservation, handling and storage of agricultural produce,
innovative plastic packaging solutions for processed food products.
Plastic cap covers for storage of food grains in open.
Use of plastics as alternate material for manufacturing farm equipment and
machinery. Plastics for aquacultural engineering and animal husbandry - animal
shelters, vermi-beds and inland fisheries.
Silage film technique for fodder preservation.
Agencies involved in the promotion of plasticulture in agriculture at national and state
level. Human resource development in plasticutlure applications.
21. Precision Farming Techniques for Protected Cultivation
[B.Tech (Agril. Engg.),elective: 2+1]
Protected cultivation: Introduction, History, origin, development, National and International
Scenario, components of green house, perspective
Types of green houses, polyhouses /shed nets, Cladding materials
Plant environment interactions – principles of limiting factors, solar radiation and transpiration,
greenhouse effect, light, temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide enrichment
Design and construction of green houses – site selection, orientation, design, construction,
design for ventilation requirement using exhaust fan system, selection of equipment
Greenhouse cooling system – necessity, methods – ventilation with roof and side ventilators,
evaporative cooling, different shading material fogging, combined fogging and fanpad cooling
system, design of cooling system, maintenance of cooling and ventilation systems, pad care etc.
Greenhouse heating – necessity, components, methods, design of heating system
Root media – types – soil and soil less media, composition, estimation, preparation and
disinfection, bed preparation
Planting techniques in green house cultivation. Irrigation in greenhouse and net house – Water
quality, types of irrigation system, components, design, installation and material requirement
Fogging system for greenhouses and net houses – introduction, benefits, design, installation and
material requirement. Maintenance of irrigation and fogging systems.
Fertilization – nutrient deficiency symptoms and functions of essential nutrient elements,
principles of selection of proper application of fertilizers, fertilizer scheduling, rate of
application of fertilizers, methods, automated fertilizer application
Greenhouse climate measurement, control and management
Insect and disease management in greenhouse and net houses, Selection of crops for greenhouse
cultivation, major crops in greenhouse – irrigation requirement, fertilizer management,
cultivation, harvesting and post harvest techniques
Economic analysis
22. Precision Agriculture and System Management
[B.Tech (Agril. Engg.), elective: 2+1]
Precision Agriculture – need and functional requirements.
Familiarization with issues relating to natural resources.
Familiarization with equipment for precision agriculture including
sowing and planting machines, power sprayers, land clearing
machines, laser guided land levellers, strawchopper, straw-balers,
grain combines, etc.
Introduction to GIS based precision agriculture and its applications.
Introduction to sensors and application of sensors for data
generation. Database management.
System concept. System approach in farm machinery management,
problems on machinery selection, maintenance and scheduling of
operations. Application to PERT and CPM for machinery system
management
23. Course Coverage
Teaching (Class room): PPT, lecture notes,
Basic books etc.
Practical (Lab experiments, field experiments,
farmer’s field visit etc.)
Assignments (Reading, Individual Assignment,
Group Assignment)
Numerical problems
24. Assignments (Group Assignment, Batch: 2016-17)
Effect of drip irrigation on quality of fruits and
vegetables
Effect of fertigation on the quality of fruits and
vegetables
Effect of plastic mulching on the quality of fruits
and vegetables
Effects of Plastic Mulching on Disease and Pest
Management
25. Student READY (Rural and Entrepreneurship Awareness
Development Yojana)
Experiential Learning (EL)
Rural Agriculture Work Experience (RAWE)
Plant Training/Industrial Attachment
Hands-on Training (HOT)/ Skill Development
Training
Students Projects
26. Government Initiative
Startup India
Central Government initiative for startup
States’ startup policies
Connect with incubators
Connect with corporates/accelerators
Connect with mentors
Connect with investors
Skill India
Agriculture Skill Council of India
Food Industry Capacity & Skill Initiative
27. Educational Institute Initiative
Entrepreneurship Cell (EC)
It invites various eminent entrepreneurs to deliver lectures to
educate students about the joys and hardships of entrepreneurship.
Guest Lectures, Business Plan workshops, Case study workshops,
patent workshops are conducted throughout the year to involve
students in activities that are essential to an entrepreneur.
Incubation Cell (IC)
The IC aims to build and share resources including space and
infrastructure, access to business support services, mentoring,
training programmes to enhance the skills of entrepreneurs and
seed funds.
The scope of support is broad-based, and covers technologies/IP
developed wholly at the Institute or partly through collaborations
elsewhere, as well as external start-ups with which Institute
members are associated as consultants or mentors.
28. Books
Basic Coverage
Hand Book of Agricultural Engineering
Hand Book of Horticulture
Hand Book of Agriculture
Text Book
Green House Technology for a Controlled Environment (Indian)
Greenhouse Operation and Management (Foreign)
Greenhouse Technology and Management (Foreign)
Advanced Book
Greenhouse Technology: Fundamentals, Design, Modelling and
Applications (Indian)
Plant Nutrition of Greenhouse Crops (Foreign)
Greenhouse climate control: an integrated approach (Foreign)
Greenhouse Design and Control (Foreign)
Advances in Protected Cultivation (Foreign)
Polymers in Agriculture and Horticulture (Foreign)
30. Government Policies
Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture
(MIDH) is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme for the
holistic growth of the horticulture sector covering
fruits, vegetables, root & tuber crops, mushrooms,
spices, flowers, aromatic plants, coconut, cashew, cocoa
and bamboo.
Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (Pmksy),
Centrally Sponsored Schemewith the motto of ‘Har Khet
Ko Paani’. There is a need for seriously considering all
options including linking of rivers, where feasible; for
ensuring optimal use of our water resources to prevent the
recurrence of flood and drought.
By harnessing rain water through ‘Jal Sanchay’ and ‘Jal
Sinchan’, nurture water conservation and ground water
recharge. Micro irrigation will be popularized to
ensure ‘Per drop-More crop.
31. Academic Institutes
India
IIT, Kharagpur (MHRD)
CIAE, Bhopal, ICAR
CFTRI, CSIR
AICRP on PET (Plasticulture Engineering & Technology)
PFDC (Minister of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare)
World
Center for Controlled Environment Agriculture, Cook
College, Rutgers University, US
Controlled Environment Agriculture Center, The
University of Arizona, US
Centre for Horticulture and Landscape, School of Plant
Science, University of Reading, UK
Agriculture Research Organization, Isreal
Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
32. Private Sectors
Netafim Irrigation India Pvt. Ltd., Isreal
Jain Irrigation Systems, Jalgaon, India
Mahindra EPC Irrigation Ltd., M & M
Captain Polyplast Limited, Rajkot, Gujrat
Dinesh Irrigation Pvt. Ltd.
Premier Irrigation Adritec Pvt Ltd, Kolkata
Essen Multipack Limited, Rajkot
Agriplast Tech India Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru,
Karnataka
33. Business News Paper & Magazine
News Paper
Economics times
Business Standard
Business Line
Financial Express
Mint
Magazine
Business Today (Fortnightly, Living Media India
Limited)
Business India (Fortnightly, Business India Publications
Ltd
Outlook Business (Outlook Publishing (India) Pvt. Ltd.
Business World
Forbes India
34. Business News Channel
Hindi
CNBC Awaaz (TV18 NBC Universal)
Zee Business (Zee Media Corporation Ltd.)
English
ET Now (The Times Group)
CNBC TV18 (TV18 NBC Universal)
NDTV profit (NDTV group India)
BTVi (Business Broadcast News Pvt. Ltd)
35. National Journal
S. N. Journal Society Publisher
1. Journal of
Agricultural
Engineering
Indian Society of
Agricultural Engineers
Indian Society of
Agricultural Engineers
2. Agricultural
Engineering Today
Indian Society of
Agricultural Engineers
Indian Society of
Agricultural Engineers
3. Indian Journal of
Horticulture
The Horticultural Societ
y of India
ICAR-Indian Institute of
Horticultural Research
Bengaluru
4. Vegetable Science Indian Society of
Vegetable Science
Indian Institute of
Vegetable Research,
Post Bag No-1,
Po-Jakhini
(Shahanshpur)
Varanasi-UP
5. Journal of Food
Science and
Technology (JFST)
Association of Food
Scientists and
Technologists of India
(AFSTI)
Springer
36. International Journal
S. N. Journal Society Publisher
1. Scientia Horticulturae - Elsevier
2. Applied Engineering in
Agriculture
American Society of
Agricultural and Biological
Engineers
-
3. Journal of Agricultural Safety
and Health
American Society of
Agricultural and Biological
Engineers
-
4. Transactions of the ASABE American Society of
Agricultural and Biological
Engineers
-
5. Agricultural Water
Management
- Elsevier
6. Hort Technology American Society for
Horticultural Science
-
7. Hort Science American Society for
Horticultural Science
-
8. Journal of American Society
for Horticultural Science
American Society for
Horticultural Science
-
9. Biosystems engineering - Elsevier
10. Journal of Biosystems
Engineering
The Korean Society for
Agricultural Machinery
Springer
37. Professional Society
Indian
Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers
The Horticultural Society of India
Indian Society of Vegetable Science, Varanasi
Association of Food Scientists and Technologists of
India (AFSTI)
International
American Society of Agricultural and Biological
Engineers
American Society for Horticultural Science
38. Video materials (Developed by educational institute/private
company, Individual, youtubes etc.)
Benefits of Plasticulture farmers experience in field
(https://youtu.be/X0tUNARpKN0)
Okra cultivation during rainy season (https://youtu.be/8d33VToqHU0)
Poly tunnel for growing of vegetables nursery at farmer’s field
(https://youtu.be/EZFpfdYaC2c)
Implementation of Plasticulture Technology in Jharkhand
(https://youtu.be/abhV_-zQ_Wg)
Protected cultivation (https://youtu.be/BTWGBrHJD4o)
Low cost temporary shade net structure (https://youtu.be/PhZmEyKXEY4)
Low cost detachable roof green house (GH) (https://youtu.be/fy1U3Y759l8)
Low cost multipurpose greenhouse (MGH) (https://youtu.be/Xbyq8U9TUaE)
Low Cost Plastic Low Tunnel- प्ऱास्टिक का गुफा नुमा घर
(https://youtu.be/XCJrqvmFqrk)
Selection of Plastic mulch for vegetable Cultivation
(https://youtu.be/qIxUO1hWHD4)
फऱों को पकायें सिफ
फ 2 पैिे प्रति ककऱो | Low Cost Ripening Chamber
(https://youtu.be/9cc9vqlk-p0)
39. Other ways for learning
Industrial exposure: visit to industries, industrial
training etc.
Learning platform: Byju’s, Unacademy, vedantu
& may more
Online classes & conferencing: Google meet,
Microsoft team, Webex, Jio, airtel & many more
Patents: Source of knowledge
Case studies
Others
40. Ways to enhance farmers income
Increasing the yield
Enhancing the quality
Early Production
Off season cultivation
Proper marketing (local/ within India/ outside
India)
Storage of fresh produce for off season
consumption (apple/ potato etc.)
Growing the fresh produce for processed food
41. Increasing the yield
The yield can be increased by selecting right variety,
better agronomical management and proper
management of environment.
There is need to study the variation of yield of any
crop (e.g. tomato) in Jharkhand, India and outside
India.
The yield of tomato in Jharkhand under conventional
method of cultivation is reported is up to 20 t/ha.
The reported yield of tomato in Jharkhand (around 40
t/ha), India (around 40-60 t/ha) and outside India
(around 130 t/ha) under drip irrigation with fertigation
under plastic mulch
The reported yield of tomato in India (around 140-180
t/ha) and outside India (around 500 t/ha & up to 1000
t/ha) under hi-tech greenhouse condition.
42. Increasing the quality
The quality can be increased by selecting right
variety, better agronomical management and
proper management of environment.
Till date in India, we have mainly focused on
only enhancing the yield and not given proper
emphasis on quality of produce.
It is well documented that the quality of
produce can be enhanced by selecting right
variety, proper drip irrigation with fertigation,
plastic mulching, protected cultivation etc.
It is well known that quality of any produce
cannot be improved after harvesting, at best it
can only be maintained.
43. Early Production
Normally the selection of crop is done based
on environment conditions in open field
conditions.
Due to above reason the growers do not realize
the better price for their produce due play of
supply & demand of produce.
The early production of perishable crops
(vegetables) can be done using plasticulture
technologies (protray nursery growing under
plastic low tunnel, drip irrigation with
fertigation, plastic mulching and plastic low
tunnel).
44. Off season cultivation
It is well known that we can grow any crop
anywhere in any season by providing the
environmental conditions according to crop
requirement.
The off season cultivation can be done using
plasticulture technologies (protray nursery
growing under plastic low tunnel, drip
irrigation with fertigation, plastic mulching,
plastic low tunnel, protected structure).
But there is need to ascertain the demand of
crop those need to be cultivated and economics
of crop cultivation.
45. Proper marketing (local/ within India/ outside India)
The marketing of perishable produce is one of the
major bottlenecks in realizing the better price of
fresh produce.
There is need to reduce the middle man in supply
chain of fresh produce i.e. removing the middle man
between seller and consumer.
There is need to grow the crops according to
requirements of end consumer (i.e. local, within
India and outside India), because package of
practice will vary according to need of end
consumer.
There is need to focus on e-marketing, such as e-
NAM.
46. Storage of fresh produce for off season
consumption (apple/ potato etc.)
There are different type of storage structure and
cost of storage varies based on control system
used.
Sometime produce are stored for transient period
after harvesting the fresh produce, which can be
temperature controlled or based on evaporative
cooling.
There are very few fresh produce which are stored
during production season for future requirement
and consumption.
Normally fresh produce stored for future
consumption are apple, potato, carrot, tamarind,
mahua etc.
47. Growing the fresh produce for processed food
There is need to clearly define the purpose of fresh
produce i.e. it is grown for fresh purpose or
processed food.
Based on requirement (fresh or processed food),
the seed variety will vary.
The agronomical management practices will be
different for fresh or processed food.
Normally the cultivation for processed food is
done in consultation with food processing
company.
Normally all the big food processing companies go
for contact farming to secure the quantity and
quality of raw materials required for processing
purpose.
48. If you have any question/suggestion
Mail me: pramod_kgp@yahoo.co.uk
Contact me on WhatsApp: 8986644713